UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Publications 2023 by Title

Publication

1-point fractional adams method for solving single order differential equations with fractional delay

( 2023-11-17)

Zakaria N.N.

;

Senu N.

This paper deals with fractional delay differential equations (FDDE) of single order with fractional Caputo derivatives using the 1-point fractional Adams method. The proposed method is a predictor-corrector approach that can be constructed from the Adams-Bashforth method and Adams-Moulton method to achieve both simplicity and accuracy. The implementation of the fractional Caputo derivatives using the Euler-Gamma function and the approximation of delay term using the Newton divided difference interpolation are discussed. Some of the numerical examples are presented to show the proposed method is reliable and efficient

1

Publication

2D LiDAR Based Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Target Path Planning in Unknown Environment

( 2023-01-01)

Abdalmanan N.

;

Kamarulzaman Kamarudin

;

Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar

;

Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

;

Ammar Zakaria

;

Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria

;

Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

Global path planning techniques have been widely employed in solving path planning problems, however they have been found to be unsuitable for unknown environments. Contrarily, the traditional Q-learning method, which is a common reinforcement learning approach for local path planning, is unable to complete the task for multiple targets. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a modified Q-learning method, called Vector Field Histogram based Q-learning (VFH-QL) utilized the VFH information in state space representation and reward function, based on a 2D LiDAR sensor. We compared the performance of our proposed method with the classical Q-learning method (CQL) through training experiments that were conducted in a simulated environment with a size of 400 square pixels, representing a 20-meter square map. The environment contained static obstacles and a single mobile robot. Two experiments were conducted: experiment A involved path planning for a single target, while experiment B involved path planning for multiple targets. The results of experiment A showed that VFH-QL method had 87.06% less training time and 99.98% better obstacle avoidance compared to CQL. In experiment B, VFH-QL method was found to have an average training time that was 95.69% less than that of the CQL method and 83.99% better path quality. The VFH-QL method was then evaluated using a benchmark dataset. The results indicated that the VFH-QL exhibited superior path quality, with efficiency of 94.89% and improvements of 96.91% and 96.69% over CQL and SARSA in the task of path planning for multiple targets in unknown environments.

1

Publication

3D grape bunch model reconstruction from 2D images

( 2023-12-01)

Woo Y.S.

;

Li Z.

;

Tamura S.

;

Buayai P.

;

Nishizaki H.

;

Makino K.

;

Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

;

Mao X.

A crucial step in the production of table grapes is berry thinning. This is because the market value of table grape production is significantly influenced by bunch compactness, bunch form and berry size, all of which are primarily regulated by this task. Grape farmers must count the number of berries in the working bunch and decide which berry should be eliminated during thinning, a process requiring extensive viticultural knowledge. However, the use of 2D pictures for automatic berry counting and identifying the berries to be removed has limitations, as the number of visible berries might vary greatly depending on the direction of view. In addition, it is extremely important to understand the 3D structure of a bunch when considering future automation via robotics. For the reasons stated, obtaining a field-applicable 3D grape bunch model is needed. Thus, the contribution of this study is a novel technology for reconstructing a 3D model of a grape bunch with uniquely identified berries from 2D images captured in the real grape field environment.

1

Publication

3D Reconstruction of embedded object using ground penetrating radar

( 2023-01-01)

Fadil N.D.

;

Hasimah Ali

;

Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Zaidi

;

Kamal W.H.B.W.

;

Basri N.A.M.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive device widely used to locate and map underground utilities such as pipes, cables, etc. Its principle is based on the reflection signal of a transmitter-receiver antenna that strikes underground objects by means of the propagation of a short pulse of electromagnetic waves into the ground. The GPR will produce a hyperbolic curve as a result of the object's presence. Accurate interpretation of hyperbola curves is greatly important and highly depends on user expertise; thus, it is considered a challenge. To address this issue, this study aims to develop 3D reconstructions of embedded objects. In this study, C-scan images were acquired, and 3D interpolation and the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) were introduced. In this framework, the acquired data is subjected to pre-processing techniques via time-zero correction, background removal using average background subtraction, and Kirchoff's migration method. The software Reflex 3D Scan has been used to analyse and preprocess the 3D reconstruction of embedded objects. The obtained results show that 3D interpolation and SAFT methods are not only able to reconstruct 3D models but are also able to reveal information on the dimension and location of the buried object represented by voxel points in the 3D space cube.

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Publication

A 0.89 to 2.1 GHz Tunable Power Amplifier for Multi-band Transmitter

( 2023-01-01)

Sapawi R.

;

Kipli K.

;

Julai N.

;

Hong Ping K.

;

Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad

;

Awg Salleh D.N.S.

This paper presents a multi-band power amplifier by using Benzocyclobutene inductor and tunable barium strontium titanate capacitor to achieve high quality (Q) factor to improve narrow bandwidth in tunable of power amplifier. The proposed power amplifier employed two stages with resistive shunt feedback at the input stage to provide a broadband gain and steady wideband input matching. Tunable frequency range from 0.89 GHz to 2.1 GHz is conducted by tunable BST capacitor from 1 pF to 20 pF. The tunable power amplifier achieves high power gain, good input and output matching, low power consumption and good power added efficiency over all frequency range of interest. It can be concluded that the proposed multi-band power amplifier is quite promising for future mobile terminals application.

Publication

A Comparison Process Between Wet Lay-Up, Single Vacuum Bagging and Double Vacuum Bagging Toward Natural Fibre (Palm, Coconut and Kenaf) Reinforced Epoxy Composite Laminates

( 2023-06-01)

Zakaria M.R.

;

Ahmad Thirmizir M.Z.

;

Zainol Abidin M.S.

;

Md Akil H.

;

Mohd Firdaus Omar

;

Anjang Ab Rahman A.

;

Nosbi N.

;

Ab Ghafar N.

The mechanical properties of palm, coconut, and kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates were evaluated using tensile (ASTM D3039) and flexural (ASTM D790) tests. The laminates were fabricated using different methods such as double vacuum bagging, single vacuum bagging, and wet lay-up. Results indicate that double vacuum bagging produced superior mechanical properties (up to 54.12% higher flexural modulus) compared to single vacuum bagging and wet lay-up methods. SEM images showed complete impregnation of fibres and a good interface between fibre and matrix in the composites produced via the double vacuum bagging method. This process creates a denser sample and allows the resin to penetrate the plies and core, eliminating voids in the laminate structure. Additionally, kenaf fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates exhibited higher mechanical properties (up to 104.82% higher tensile strength) compared to palm and coconut fibre-reinforced epoxy composite laminates.

1

Publication

A comprehensive review of flexible cadmium telluride solar cells with back surface field layer

( 2023-11-01)

Nur Irwany Ahmad

;

Kar Y.B.

;

Doroody C.

;

Kiong T.S.

;

Rahman K.S.

;

Harif M.N.

;

Amin N.

Recent advancements in CdTe solar cell technology have introduced the integration of flexible substrates, providing lightweight and adaptable energy solutions for various applications. Some of the notable applications of flexible solar photovoltaic technology include building integrated photovoltaic systems (BIPV), transportation, aerospace, satellites, etc. However, despite this advancement, certain issues regarding metal and p-CdTe remained unresolved. Besides, the fabrication of a full-working device on flexible glass is challenging and requires special consideration due to the unstable morphology and structural properties of deposited film on ultra-thin glass substrates. The existing gap in knowledge about the vast potential of flexible CdTe solar cells on UTG substrates and their possible applications blocks their full capacity utilization. Hence, this comprehensive review paper exclusively concentrates on the obstacles associated with the implementation of CdTe solar cells on UTG substrates with a potential back surface field (BSF) layer. The significance of this study lies in its meticulous identification and analysis of the substantial challenges associated with integrating flexible CdTe onto UTG substrates and leveraging Cu-doped ZnTe as a potential BSF layer to enhance the performance of flexible CdTe solar cells.

Publication

A comprehensive review on the advancements in catalyst regeneration strategies for enhanced reactivity in CO methanation

( 2023-10-01)

Hatta A.H.

;

Jalil A.A.

;

Hassan N.S.

;

Hamid M.Y.S.

;

Bahari M.B.

;

Aziz M.A.

;

Alhassan M.

;

Naimah Ibrahim

;

Jusoh N.W.C.

;

Hairom N.H.H.

Rising energy demand worldwide has led to increased interest in renewable energy, but natural gas remains a significant indigenous energy source due to its wide use, lower carbon impact, and established infrastructure. In the creation of substituted natural gas through CO methanation, a catalyst is essential. However, maintaining the catalyst's stability requires understanding its deactivation and regeneration. Therefore, it is vital to understand the catalyst's deactivation and regeneration phenomenon for the CO methanation reaction which is the requirement for the catalyst's stability. A small number of review reports have been published on CO methanation, however, despite substantial investigation, none of them fully explain the catalyst's deactivation and regeneration. In light of these considerations, we have provided recent thorough research on the catalyst's deactivation and regeneration for CO methanation reaction. The fundamentals, kinetics, and effects of operating parameters involving temperature, pressure, and feed ratio were systematically deliberated. The major contribution of this study, which is catalyst deactivation, including carbon and coke formation, thermal degradation, metal sintering, and poisoning, as well as their regeneration method have then conversed. Lastly, a critical standpoint on the forthcoming difficulties and opportunities in CO methanation, especially in the catalyst's deactivation and regeneration field was conferred in detail.

1

Publication

A Comprehensive Study on Magnetic Materials Selection for Power Electronic Converters

( 2023-01-01)

Rahman M.Z.

;

Nurhakimah Mohd Mukhtar

The size and efficiency of converters are key considerations to ensure optimal power management across electrical networks, which significantly affect industrial, aeronautical, and automobile use. Frequently, the converter's most important component is the inductor. The appropriate inductor can eliminate the current ripple at the converter's input. Therefore, choosing the right component is crucial for a converter design. The operating frequency range of power converters is selected from 20 kHz to 150 kHz. Whenever the switching frequency is raised from 20 to 150 kHz, the converter volume shrinks by 59.5% and weight is lowered by 58.4%. This study compares the magnetic materials utilized in a realistic design. Iron-based amorphous metals, nanocrystalline, alloy-powdered, silicon steel and ferrite materials are among the substances under this research. The type of converters, magnetic materials, features and their shape selection are discussed. Finally, based on some prior research, we proposed that powdered material cores are the best choice for power electronic converters.

Publication

A Contemporary Review of High Voltage Partial Discharge Detection and Recognition Techniques

( 2023-07-01)

Bohari Z.H.

;

Muzamir Isa

;

Faizah Abu Bakar

;

Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah

;

Ayob Nazmy Nanyan

;

Nasir M.N.M.

;

Sulaima M.F.

;

Ahmad E.Z.

This review article provides a summary of the most advanced approaches and advancements in the detection and recognition of high voltage partial discharge (PD). It discusses numerous detecting technologies, such as electrical, acoustic, and optical approaches, as well as their merits and disadvantages. It also discusses current developments in signal processing and pattern recognition algorithms used for PD detection and classification. Lastly, the study covers the challenges and limitations in high voltage PD detection and identification studies, as well as potential future solutions.

1

Publication

A Controlled Growth of Carbon Nanofibers (CNFs) on Graphene

( 2023-12-01)

Fiyatillah M.

;

Syarifah Norfaezah Sabki

;

Norzilah Abdul Halif

;

Kita L.K.W.

;

Muhammad Asri Idris

;

Noraini Othman

;

Abd Rahim A.F.

Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have superior properties such as high conductivity, good mechanical strength, high specific surface area, and chemical stability. CNFs-graphene hybrid material can be used as a high-quality electrode in electronics applications. In the CNFs on graphene synthesis, the growth parameters must be well controlled. This work observes the evolution of the CNF's growth on graphene on Ni at reaction temperatures of 800oC and 860oC and at different reaction times of 30 min, 60 min, and 120 min. This research aims to find suitable conditions for obtaining controllable growth of CNFs on graphene. Based on the SEM measurement, it was found that the 860oC reaction temperature at 60 min and 120 min reaction time led to longer and smaller widths of CNFs with high coverage and distribution on graphene. The CNFs on graphene formation were confirmed by the XRD analysis.

1

Publication

A Framework for Timely Delivery of Serviced Vehicles in Automotive Service Garages Using a Rough—DEMATEL Technique

( 2023-01-01)

Thomas K.

;

Uthayakumar M.

;

Bathrinath S.

;

Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid

;

Koppiahraj K.

The rise in global automotive utilization has increased the need for service garages. However, maintenance service providers face numerous problems at all phases of their operations. The challenges to the timely delivery of a serviced car are identified and analyzed in this study. This paper uses expert opinion, garage survey, and literature to identify issues for the prompt delivery of automotive service vehicles. The rough decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) approach establishes and assesses these barriers. This paper identifies a total of twenty-seven barriers to vehicle service through a literature review. The result indicates that misleading of the technician, lack of manpower, more demand work, lack of skilled technician, delivery time already postponed service vehicle are the most critical challenges in the timely delivery of serviced vehicles. The outcome of the work will help the stakeholders and decision-makers to make a customer-friendly service station. This study reveals the critical challenges to delivering the vehicle on time to the customer.

Publication

A Hybrid Sentiment Based SVM with Metaheuristic Algorithms for Cryptocurrency Forecasting

( 2023-01-01)

Hitam N.A.

;

Ismail A.R.

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

;

Eltayeb M.A.M.A.

;

Samsudin R.

;

Jussila J.

;

Alkhammash E.H.

In 2016, cryptocurrency was reported to be active in terms of user adoption. Generally speaking, making the correct forecast is essential in any field, but it is more important in cryptocurrencies. Researchers have studied machine learning algorithms with cryptocurrencies, a concept that has been recently presented and has a great future as a financial instrument for investors. However, previous studies have ignored key variables like emotions and public opinion, which are vital in today’s market. The next contribution to this project will be a hybrid sentiment-based support vector machine (SVM) with chosen optimization methods for bitcoin predictions. Additionally, we integrate a technical indicator, the Commodity Channel Index (CCI), which is utilised in conjunction with the machine learning approach to improve the results of time series forecasting. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and moth-flame optimization (MFO) are effective at optimising functions. This work introduces a novel hybrid sentiment-based SVM optimised by particle swarm and moth-flame algorithms (SVMPSOMFO) to improve predicting accuracy. SVMPSOMFO optimises the model’s parameter values by combining PSO and MFO, which increases search capacity and efficiency. The suggested algorithm’s performance is compared to that of three optimization algorithms, SVMPSO, SVMMFO, and SVMALO. SVMPSOMFO outperforms other algorithms based on performance and comparative study.

Publication

A Low-Profile Dielectric Resonator Antenna Array for OAM Waves Generation at 5G NR Bands

( 2023-04-01)

Abd Rahman N.A.

;

Noor S.K.

;

Ibrahim I.M.

;

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Ismail A.M.

;

Osman M.N.

;

Ismail S.B.

This paper presents the generation of orbital angular momentum (OAM) vortex waves with mode +1 using dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) array. The proposed antenna was designed and fabricated using FR-4 substrate to generate OAM mode +1 at 3.56 GHz (5G new radio band). The proposed antenna consists of 2 × 2 rectangular DRA array, a feeding network, and four cross slots etched on the ground plane. The proposed antenna succeeded in generating OAM waves; this was confirmed by the measured radiation pattern (2D polar form), simulated phase distribution, and intensity distribution. Moreover, mode purity analysis was carried out to verify the generation of OAM mode +1, and the purity obtained was 53.87%. The antenna operates from 3.2 to 3.66 GHz with a maximum gain of 7.3 dBi. Compared with previous designs, this proposed antenna is low-profile and easy to fabricate. In addition, the proposed antenna has a compact structure, wide bandwidth, high gain, and low losses, thus meeting the requirements of 5G NR applications.

Publication

A mini review and bibliometric analysis of palm oil mill effluent in past five years

( 2023-01-01)

Mohd Pauzi F.

;

Muda K.

;

Basri H.F.

;

Omoregie A.I.

;

Hong C.Y.

;

Aftar Ali N.S.

;

Mohamed Najib M.Z.

;

Mohd Amin M.F.

;

Ismail S.

;

Mohd Faidz Mohamad Shahimin

;

Farrah Aini Dahalan

Indonesia and Malaysia are countries with the highest palm oil production globally. Indonesia is leading the list, followed by Malaysia and Thailand. Palm oil production generates countless benefits to the economy, environment, and society of the contributed countries. This industry provides high income and collection of methane gas for biogas generation and economy of the local community. However, despite the benefits, this industry has some difficulties, including treating the Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME contains a complex microbial structure and a high amount of oil, grease, and suspended solids. The existing treatment of POME consists of many drawbacks that lead to poor quality of the effluent and failure to meet the minimum requirement from the Department of Environment (DOE). Advance Oxidization Process (AOP), bio granulation, and ponding system are among the research that have been tried to treat POME. The local government still uses old-style treatment types such as Conventional Activated Sludge (CAS), ponding system, and anaerobic digester tank. This review paper presents a mini review of positive and negative consequences the palm oil industry as well as examine a bibliometric study towards the modern research development of the POME. This mini review concludes that the palm oil industry encourages the positive impact in economy, environment and social to the many parties especially country and local community. Besides that, the existing treatment of the POME have to be improved appropriate with the increment of the demand and era.

Publication

A New Weighted Deep Learning Feature Using Particle Swarm and Ant Lion Optimization for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis on Pap Smear Images

( 2023-09-01)

Alsalatie M.

;

Alquran H.

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

;

Zyout A.

;

Alqudah A.M.

;

Kaifi R.

;

Qudsieh S.

One of the most widespread health issues affecting women is cervical cancer. Early detection of cervical cancer through improved screening strategies will reduce cervical cancer-related morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Using a Pap smear image is a novel method for detecting cervical cancer. Previous studies have focused on whole Pap smear images or extracted nuclei to detect cervical cancer. In this paper, we compared three scenarios of the entire cell, cytoplasm region, or nucleus region only into seven classes of cervical cancer. After applying image augmentation to solve imbalanced data problems, automated features are extracted using three pre-trained convolutional neural networks: AlexNet, DarkNet 19, and NasNet. There are twenty-one features as a result of these scenario combinations. The most important features are split into ten features by the principal component analysis, which reduces the dimensionality. This study employs feature weighting to create an efficient computer-aided cervical cancer diagnosis system. The optimization procedure uses the new evolutionary algorithms known as Ant lion optimization (ALO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO). Finally, two types of machine learning algorithms, support vector machine classifier, and random forest classifier, have been used in this paper to perform classification jobs. With a 99.5% accuracy rate for seven classes using the PSO algorithm, the SVM classifier outperformed the RF, which had a 98.9% accuracy rate in the same region. Our outcome is superior to other studies that used seven classes because of this focus on the tissues rather than just the nucleus. This method will aid physicians in diagnosing precancerous and early-stage cervical cancer by depending on the tissues, rather than on the nucleus. The result can be enhanced using a significant amount of data.

Publication

A novel bio-ceramic hollow fibre membrane based hydroxyapatite derived from Tilapia fish bone for hybrid arsenic separation/adsorption from water

( 2023-01-01)

Hubadillah S.K.

;

Mohd Riduan Jamalludin

;

Othman M.H.D.

;

Adam M.R.

This paper describes for the first time the synthesis of hydroxyapatite based on bio-ceramic hollow fiber membrane originating from Tilapia fish bones (bio-CHFM/HApT). Prior to the fabrication process, Tilapia fish bones were converted into hydroxyapatite powder by simple calcination method. A well-known method of membrane fabrication; a combination of phase inversion and sintering technique has been used. The study revealed that an exceptional asymmetric structure comprised of desired finger-like and sponge-like structure was induced by the bio-CHFM/HApT. Interestingly, bio-CHFM/HApT sintered at 1100 °C can induced hybrid adsorption/separation for As(III) removal at separation efficiency up to 99.9% and high flux of ∼250 kg/m2h. Additionally, the equilibrium adsorption capacities were obtained within 40 min of contact time. The kinetic information of the removal of As(III) bio-CHFM/HApT is the most suitable for pseudo-first order.

Publication

A Novel Tri-Functionality pH-Magnetic-Photocatalytic Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Polyoxometalates Augmented Microspheres for Polluted Water Treatment

( 2023-02-01)

Yee L.Y.

;

Ng Qi Hwa

;

Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim

;

Hoo Peng Yong

;

Chang P.T.

;

Ahmad A.L.

;

Low S.C.

;

Shuit S.H.

The severe water pollution from effluent dyes threatens human health. This study created pH-magnetic-photocatalytic polymer microspheres to conveniently separate the photocatalyst nanoparticles from the treated water by applying an external magnetic field. While fabricating magnetic nanoparticles’ (MNPs) microspheres, incorporating 0.5 wt.% iron oxide (Fe3O4) showed the best magnetophoretic separation ability, as all the MNPs microspheres were attracted toward the external magnet. Subsequently, hybrid organic–inorganic polyoxometalates (HPOM), a self-synthesized photocatalyst, were linked with the functionalized magnetic nanoparticles (f-MNPs) to prepare augmented magnetic-photocatalytic microspheres. The photodegradation dye removal efficiency of the augmented magnetic-photocatalytic microspheres (f-MNPs-HPOM) was then compared with that of the commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst (f-MNPs-TiO2). Results showed that f-MNPs-HPOM microspheres with 74 ± 0.7% photocatalytic removal efficiency better degraded methylene orange (MO) than f-MNPs-TiO2 (70 ± 0.8%) at an unadjusted pH under UV-light irradiation for 90 min. The excellent performance was mainly attributed to the lower band-gap energy of HPOM (2.65 eV), which required lower energy to be photoactivated under UV light. The f-MNPs-HPOM microspheres demonstrated excellent reusability and stability in the photo-decolorization of MO, as the microspheres retained nearly the same removal percentage throughout the three continuous cycles. The degradation rate was also found to follow the pseudo-first-order kinetics. Furthermore, f-MNPs-HPOM microspheres were pH-responsive in the photodegradation of MO and methylene blue (MB) at pH 3 (acidic) and pH 9 (alkaline). Overall, it was demonstrated that using HPOM photocatalysts in the preparation of magnetic-photocatalytic microspheres resulted in better dye degradation than TiO2 photocatalysts.

Publication

A Numerical Study of Collective Cell Migration in a Microchannel Driven by Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Device

( 2023-01-01)

Mazlee Mazalan

;

Anas Mohd Noor

;

Yufridin Wahab

;

Shazlina Johari

;

Mohd Rosydi Zakaria

;

Zaman W.S.W.K.

Collective cell migration is involved in a variety of biological contexts, including tissue morphogenesis, wound healing, and cancer invasion. Many studies have revealed that chemical, mechanical, and electrical stimulation all affect cell migration. Although an acoustic stimulus has been shown to influence cell migration in the past, the underlying mechanism is still unknown. A computational model that accounts for acoustic-structure interaction was constructed in this study to simulate the formation of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) field and the application of the acoustic pressure field on collective cell migration. A group of cells within a microchannel device and two ports of interdigitated transducers (IDTs) with different wavelengths were modeled. The stresses within cells were investigated as it was influenced by substrate displacement and pressure acoustic in the cell media generated by the SAW device. As a result, we observed the local stress within cells near the solid-fluid interfaces. For propagating SAW, the shorter wavelength of IDTs (600 μm) attributed to high stress at the cell's top and bottom as compared to the SAW device with the longer wavelength (1000 μm). The standing SAW occurred underneath collective cells. The results of standing SAW on cell stress at the bottom confirm that the SAW device can be useful to regulate the abnormalities cellular activities associated with cell migration.

1

Publication

A potent anticoagulant hybrid of snake venom derived FIX-binding protein and anti-factor IX RNA aptamer: Assessed by in-silico and electrochemical analyses

( 2023-08-30)

Krishnan H.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

Anticoagulant therapies are crucial in the management of surgical complications as well as the prophylaxis of thrombosis. Many studies are being conducted on the Habu snake-venom anticoagulant, FIX-binding protein (FIX-Bp), for its greater potency and strong affinity to FIX clotting factor. On the other hand, the capacity to promptly reverse such acute anticoagulation is equally important. Combining a reversible anticoagulant with FIX-Bp may be advantageous in maintaining the balance between adequate anticoagulation and repealing when necessary. In this study, authors integrated FIX-Bp and RNA aptamer-based anticoagulants into a single target, FIX clotting factor, in order to achieve a robust anticoagulant effect. An in-silico and electrochemical approach were used to investigate the combination of FIX-Bp and RNA aptamers as a bivalent anticoagulant and to verify the competing or predominant binding sites of each anticoagulant. The in-silico analysis discovered that both the venom- and aptamer-anticoagulant had a strong affinity for the FIX protein at the Gla-domain and EGF-1 domain by holding 9 conventional hydrogen bonds with the binding energy of −34.859 kcal/mol. The electrochemical technique verified that both anticoagulants had different binding sites. The impedance load upon RNA aptamer binding to FIX protein was 14 %, whereas the addition of FIX-Bp caused a significant impedance rise of 37 %. This indicates that the addition of aptamers prior to FIX-Bp is a promising strategy for the conception of a hybrid anticoagulant.

Publications 2023

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