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PublicationRandom subspace oracle (RSO) ensemble to solve small sample-sized classification problems( 2019-01-01)Under certain situations, researchers were forced to work with small sample-sized (SSS) data. With very limited sample size, SSS data have the tendency to undertrain a machine learning algorithm and rendered it ineffective. Some extreme cases in SSS problems will have to deal with large feature-To-instance ratio, where the high number of features compared to small number of instances will overfit the classification algorithm. This paper intends to solve small sample-sized classification problems through hybrid of random subspace method and random linear oracle ensemble by utilizing binary feature subspace splitting and oracle selection scheme. Experimental results on artificial data indicate the proposed algorithm can outperform single decision tree and linear discriminant classifiers in small sample-sized data, but its performance is identical to k-nearest neighbor classifier due to both shared similar selection approach. Results from real-world medical data indicate the proposed method has better classification performance than its corresponding single base classifier especially in the case of decision tree.
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PublicationPorous Metakaolin Geopolymers with Tailored Thermal Conductivity( 2019-08-14)In this work, a novel lightweight metakaolin geopolymers were produced by using hydrogen peroxide as foaming agent. The influence of the hydrogen peroxide incorporation content (0.25 - 1.25%) on density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity was evaluated. The experimental results show that the density and compressive strength were decrease with increasing content of hydrogen peroxide. However, the thermal insulating properties of the geopolymer foams were improved with increasing content of foaming agent. Geopolymers exhibiting thermal conductivity as low as 0.172 W/mK and a density of 0.5 g/cm3 were produced, showing the potential of these materials in applications requiring lightweight and low thermal conductivity materials.
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PublicationPorous Metakaolin Geopolymers with Tailored Thermal Conductivity( 2019-08-14)In this work, a novel lightweight metakaolin geopolymers were produced by using hydrogen peroxide as foaming agent. The influence of the hydrogen peroxide incorporation content (0.25 - 1.25%) on density, compressive strength and thermal conductivity was evaluated. The experimental results show that the density and compressive strength were decrease with increasing content of hydrogen peroxide. However, the thermal insulating properties of the geopolymer foams were improved with increasing content of foaming agent. Geopolymers exhibiting thermal conductivity as low as 0.172 W/mK and a density of 0.5 g/cm3 were produced, showing the potential of these materials in applications requiring lightweight and low thermal conductivity materials.
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PublicationMicrostructural Analysis of Fly Ash-based Geopolymers with various Alkali Concentration( 2019-08-14)In the present work, a comparative study on the effect of different concentration of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) on fly ash-based geopolymer was investigated. The geopolymer synthesis by mixing fly ash with alkali activator (a mixture of NaOH and sodium silicate) at solid/liquid ratio of 2.5. The NaOH were used 6M, 8M, 10M, 12M and 14M with constant sodium silicate/NaOH ratio of 2.5. The geopolymers were cured at room temperature (29°C) for 24 hours and 60°C in oven for another 24 hours. The testing and analysis of the fly ash-based geopolymers were performed after 28 days. The adequate Na+ ions and densified microstructure were observed at optimum 8M-NaOH-activated fly ash-based geopolymers.
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PublicationMechanical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Lightweight Foamed Geopolymer Concretes( 2019-08-14)Foamed geopolymer concretes have a better performance in the thermal insulation properties compared to normal geopolymer concretes. In this research, lightweight aggregate geopolymer concretes was incorporated with different percentage of foaming agents (hydrogen peroxide). Compressive strength and thermal conductivity were measured. From results obtained, increased H2O2 contents will decrease the strength of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes. Lightweight aggregate foamed geopolymer concretes (LWAFGC) with foaming agent content of 0.2wt.% obtained the highest strength of 19.601 MPa. Furthermore, Increased of H2O2 contents also will decrease the thermal conductivity of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes. Lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes with 2wt.% H2O2 gave the good thermal insulating behavior when the thermal conductivity value recorded the lowest value compare to other wt.% of H2O2 content. The thermal conductivity value of lightweight foamed geopolymer concretes with 2wt.% of H2O2 was 0.072 W/m. K while, the thermal conductivity of other mixtures ranged between 0.077 W/m. K to 0.087 W/m. K., respectively.
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PublicationProspects of pumping power Improvements in solid-state lasers( 2022-12)When the laser medium is pumped by a high pump power beam, the thermal effects are unavoidable. At this point, the gradient temperature generated inside the laser medium is essential for the simulation of the heat-induced laser medium damage. Based on experimental operating conditions listed in works of literature, a theoretical model was derived to reduce damages in solid-state lasers rod with double end-pumping geometry. Analytical thermal stress expression is obtained for the Super-Gaussian pumping profile with various exponent factors (n) and various pumping ratios (rP). The obtained results show that the generated thermal stresses within the laser medium can be significantly reduced with the increase of both (n) and (rP), due to more uniform distributions, and hence the prospect for pumping power scaling can be improved. Also the proposed analysis was examined and the total maximum pump power of 120 W under lasing and 90 W under the non-lasing operations, were obtained respectively at an exponent factor of (n=32) with a pump ratio of 1/2.
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PublicationOptimum identification method of sorting Green Household waste( 2016-10-07)This project is related to design of sorting facility for reducing, reusing, recycling green waste material, and in particular to invent an automatic system to distinguish household waste in order to separate them from the main waste stream. The project focuses on thorough analysis of the properties of green household waste. The method of identification is using capacitive sensor where the characteristic data taken on three different sensor drive frequency. Three types of material have been chosen as a medium of this research, to be separated using the selected method. Based on capacitance characteristics and its ability to penetrate green object, optimum identification method is expected to be recognized in this project. The output capacitance sensor is in analogue value. The results demonstrate that the information from the sensor is enough to recognize the materials that have been selected.
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PublicationProgression in the growth of cylindric nanostructures: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on graphene( 2022-12)The combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene produce a CNTs-graphene hybrid material with excellent electrical and mechanical properties that improved from their single form. This CNTs-graphene hybrid material has the potential to be used as electrodes and interconnects as it has better properties compared to copper (Cu). This work intended to grow CNTs on graphene using a CVD technique. The growth process used graphene on a Cu substrate with ferrocene as the catalyst, acetone as the carbon precursor and reactor temperature of 800oC. However, the process has unintentionally grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs). To observe the progression in the growth of CNTs and CNFs on graphene, the effect of growth reaction time is crucial. Hence, this work investigates the growth progression of the CNTs and CNFs on graphene based on different reaction times of 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 60 min. It was found that the agglomeration of carbon is incomplete at 10 min reaction time and produced cylindric nanostructures. A further reaction time of 20 min and 30 min has significantly changed the size of the cylindric nanostructures into CNTs and CNFs with a very slight difference in the size, density, and coverage. The 30 min reaction time produced denser CNTs and CNFs with more uniform size and coverages. A longer reaction time of 60 min led to very long CNFs with an average length of 120 μm. In conclusion, meticulous fine-tuning of the reaction time is required to control the formation of CNTs and CNFs on graphene.
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PublicationPhysical properties of CdO nano films deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique( 2022-12)In order to create CdO TCO's films, a pulsed laser (Nd: YAG) was utilized to ablate the target of CdO in the active environment with low oxygen pressure. The optimal substrate temperature was reached in this work by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to build cadmium oxide (CdO) nano-films at different substrate temperatures of 200, 300, and 400oC. The CdO target was exposed to a pulsed laser with energy of 1800 mJ at a standard wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 10 ns, and ablating CdO nano-grains on quartz substrates. The XRD result shows three main planes (111), (200), and (220), and also shows increase in the intensity of the peak for the plane of (111) at the space of the atomic of 2.744Å, where the XRD results shows, an increased in the crystallization with the increased the substrate temperatures. The morphological images show the best preparation condition at 300oC that are the average grain size of roughly 82.4 nm, and surface roughness accumulated to around 1.14 nm. The morphological and structural characteristics of the prepared nano-films are tested and examined at various substrate temperatures. The findings showed that the substrate temperatures were associated with a greater crystenality.
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PublicationPhysical and optical characteristics of α-Al₂O₃ nano coating formed by pulsed laser deposition technique( 2022-12)Due to the importance of Al₂O₃ nano-coatings in different fields, further studies and investigations are required. In addition, few studies about preparing Al₂O₃ by pulsed laser deposition have been found; hence this method was selected for Al₂O₃ preparation. Alumina (α-Al₂O₃) is deposited to form nano-coating film using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate. Laser pulses are applied in three sets of 100, 200, and 300. The combination of the number of laser pulses and energies of 700, 800, and 900 mJ are made to study the crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the nanocoated. The crystal structure analyses using XRD showed that nano-coating has a polycrystalline structure. The AFM analyses showed that the average surface roughness proportion with the energy and the number of pulses increased from 0.6 nm to 2.9 nm. The transmission decreased with increasing laser energy and the number of pulses. The optical bandgap from 4.11 to 4.01ev is also obtained. For the first time, this study demonstrates three energies and three sets of pulses associated with a fixed substrate temperature of 200ºC; optical characteristics were studied extensively under PLD technique conditions.
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Publication"A binding contract between the dominant and the submissive”: linguistic analysis of gender bias in Fifty Shades of Grey (2015)( 2022-12)Language, a significant tool for communication, is implemented to express an interlocutor’s attitude. Their language choice can imply manipulation of power or discrimination between sexes, also known as sexist language. Since dialogues in movies represent real-world communication, this study aims to delve into the sexist language depicted in Fifty Shades of Grey (2015), a romantic drama film. In particular, the genre reflects the apparent discrepancy between male and female counterparts in terms of language and gender bias. The movie was then selected as the main text for the linguistic investigation of sexist language in this descriptive qualitative research. The essential framework in this research is centered extensively on Sara Mills’ theory regarding language and feminism encompassing overt sexism and indirect sexism. Overt sexism is categorized into six types including generic pronouns, generic nouns, non-parallel terms, sexism in proverbs, sexism in swear word, and derivation. On the other hand, indirect sexism is categorized into six subtypes, namely humor, presupposition, conflicting message, scripts and metaphors, collocation, and androcentric perspective. The researchers observe that characters and their attitudes render sexist ideology while their utterances convey gender-related discrimination.
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Publication"look & blink" two step verification security log in system( 2021-03-01)A new artificial intelligence security design which is face recognition with eye blinking login system is proposed. It aims to strengthen the security account for each user using artificial intelligence technology and increase speed and user convenience for security during login. The face of a person cannot be copied and it can replace the username of the user, while eye blinking detection is another step for double verification replacing the password of a user. It is a two-step verification process that can be applied to all sorts of account login field so that this technology can replace the old school username with a password security system. The recognition system used a real-time where it is reducing the number of hackers in the field as it is impossible to hack a person's real-time face. The proposed system has been tested and analyzed the functionality by accessing the personal account in the university's portal.
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Publication"look & blink" two step verification security log in system( 2021-03-01)A new artificial intelligence security design which is face recognition with eye blinking login system is proposed. It aims to strengthen the security account for each user using artificial intelligence technology and increase speed and user convenience for security during login. The face of a person cannot be copied and it can replace the username of the user, while eye blinking detection is another step for double verification replacing the password of a user. It is a two-step verification process that can be applied to all sorts of account login field so that this technology can replace the old school username with a password security system. The recognition system used a real-time where it is reducing the number of hackers in the field as it is impossible to hack a person's real-time face. The proposed system has been tested and analyzed the functionality by accessing the personal account in the university's portal.
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Publication"look & blink" two step verification security log in system( 2021-03-01)A new artificial intelligence security design which is face recognition with eye blinking login system is proposed. It aims to strengthen the security account for each user using artificial intelligence technology and increase speed and user convenience for security during login. The face of a person cannot be copied and it can replace the username of the user, while eye blinking detection is another step for double verification replacing the password of a user. It is a two-step verification process that can be applied to all sorts of account login field so that this technology can replace the old school username with a password security system. The recognition system used a real-time where it is reducing the number of hackers in the field as it is impossible to hack a person's real-time face. The proposed system has been tested and analyzed the functionality by accessing the personal account in the university's portal.
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Publication"UniMAP 2002-2005: Persepsi dan impak ekonomi Perlis"( 2011-02)Universiti Malaysia Per/is (UniMAP) ditubuhkan pada Julai 2001 dan telah memulakan operasinya secara rasmi selepas perlantikan Brigedier Jen. Dato 'Professor Dr. Kamarudin Russin sebagai Naib Canselor pertama pada 16 Februari 2002. Setelah empat (4) tahun beroperasi (2002 hingga 2005), UniMAP telah memberikan sumbangan yang sangat besar di negeri ini. lmpak utama UniMAP adalah dalam aspek ekonomi. Yang mana selama operasinya di Per/is, UniMAP telah menyumbang jutaan ringgit untuk prasarana dan perbelanjaan mengurus termasuklah emolumen staf dan perbelanjaan pelajar. Kertas kerja ini akan melihat kesan yang dibawa oleh UniMAP selama operasinya di Per/is terutamanya dalam aspek ekonomi termasuk jugalah pandangan penduduk Perlis, staf dan pelajar terhadap UniMAP dan kesan kampus teragih serta kesan pemusatan UniMAP terhadap ekonomi Per/is. 565 responden yang terdiri daripada masyarakat luar, sta.f dan pelajar UniMAP terlibat dalam penyelidikan ini. Semua maklumat ini dihurai secara diskriptif dan diikuti dengan ana/isis statistik yang mudah untuk menjelaskannya disamping data-data sekunder daripada pelbagai agensi samaada agensi kerajaan negeri, persekutuan, swasta mahupun UniMAP sendiri.
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PublicationProspects of pumping power Improvements in solid-state lasers( 2022-12)When the laser medium is pumped by a high pump power beam, the thermal effects are unavoidable. At this point, the gradient temperature generated inside the laser medium is essential for the simulation of the heat-induced laser medium damage. Based on experimental operating conditions listed in works of literature, a theoretical model was derived to reduce damages in solid-state lasers rod with double end-pumping geometry. Analytical thermal stress expression is obtained for the Super-Gaussian pumping profile with various exponent factors (n) and various pumping ratios (rP). The obtained results show that the generated thermal stresses within the laser medium can be significantly reduced with the increase of both (n) and (rP), due to more uniform distributions, and hence the prospect for pumping power scaling can be improved. Also the proposed analysis was examined and the total maximum pump power of 120 W under lasing and 90 W under the non-lasing operations, were obtained respectively at an exponent factor of (n=32) with a pump ratio of 1/2.
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PublicationOptimum identification method of sorting Green Household waste( 2016-10-07)This project is related to design of sorting facility for reducing, reusing, recycling green waste material, and in particular to invent an automatic system to distinguish household waste in order to separate them from the main waste stream. The project focuses on thorough analysis of the properties of green household waste. The method of identification is using capacitive sensor where the characteristic data taken on three different sensor drive frequency. Three types of material have been chosen as a medium of this research, to be separated using the selected method. Based on capacitance characteristics and its ability to penetrate green object, optimum identification method is expected to be recognized in this project. The output capacitance sensor is in analogue value. The results demonstrate that the information from the sensor is enough to recognize the materials that have been selected.
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PublicationProgression in the growth of cylindric nanostructures: carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) on graphene( 2022-12)The combination of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene produce a CNTs-graphene hybrid material with excellent electrical and mechanical properties that improved from their single form. This CNTs-graphene hybrid material has the potential to be used as electrodes and interconnects as it has better properties compared to copper (Cu). This work intended to grow CNTs on graphene using a CVD technique. The growth process used graphene on a Cu substrate with ferrocene as the catalyst, acetone as the carbon precursor and reactor temperature of 800oC. However, the process has unintentionally grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs). To observe the progression in the growth of CNTs and CNFs on graphene, the effect of growth reaction time is crucial. Hence, this work investigates the growth progression of the CNTs and CNFs on graphene based on different reaction times of 10 min, 20 min, 30 min and 60 min. It was found that the agglomeration of carbon is incomplete at 10 min reaction time and produced cylindric nanostructures. A further reaction time of 20 min and 30 min has significantly changed the size of the cylindric nanostructures into CNTs and CNFs with a very slight difference in the size, density, and coverage. The 30 min reaction time produced denser CNTs and CNFs with more uniform size and coverages. A longer reaction time of 60 min led to very long CNFs with an average length of 120 μm. In conclusion, meticulous fine-tuning of the reaction time is required to control the formation of CNTs and CNFs on graphene.
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PublicationPhysical properties of CdO nano films deposited by pulsed laser deposition technique( 2022-12)In order to create CdO TCO's films, a pulsed laser (Nd: YAG) was utilized to ablate the target of CdO in the active environment with low oxygen pressure. The optimal substrate temperature was reached in this work by using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) to build cadmium oxide (CdO) nano-films at different substrate temperatures of 200, 300, and 400oC. The CdO target was exposed to a pulsed laser with energy of 1800 mJ at a standard wavelength of 1064 nm, pulse duration of 10 ns, and ablating CdO nano-grains on quartz substrates. The XRD result shows three main planes (111), (200), and (220), and also shows increase in the intensity of the peak for the plane of (111) at the space of the atomic of 2.744Å, where the XRD results shows, an increased in the crystallization with the increased the substrate temperatures. The morphological images show the best preparation condition at 300oC that are the average grain size of roughly 82.4 nm, and surface roughness accumulated to around 1.14 nm. The morphological and structural characteristics of the prepared nano-films are tested and examined at various substrate temperatures. The findings showed that the substrate temperatures were associated with a greater crystenality.
-
PublicationPhysical and optical characteristics of α-Al₂O₃ nano coating formed by pulsed laser deposition technique( 2022-12)Due to the importance of Al₂O₃ nano-coatings in different fields, further studies and investigations are required. In addition, few studies about preparing Al₂O₃ by pulsed laser deposition have been found; hence this method was selected for Al₂O₃ preparation. Alumina (α-Al₂O₃) is deposited to form nano-coating film using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) on Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) substrate. Laser pulses are applied in three sets of 100, 200, and 300. The combination of the number of laser pulses and energies of 700, 800, and 900 mJ are made to study the crystal structure, surface morphology, and optical properties of the nanocoated. The crystal structure analyses using XRD showed that nano-coating has a polycrystalline structure. The AFM analyses showed that the average surface roughness proportion with the energy and the number of pulses increased from 0.6 nm to 2.9 nm. The transmission decreased with increasing laser energy and the number of pulses. The optical bandgap from 4.11 to 4.01ev is also obtained. For the first time, this study demonstrates three energies and three sets of pulses associated with a fixed substrate temperature of 200ºC; optical characteristics were studied extensively under PLD technique conditions.