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PublicationAnti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and anti-cancer activities of ag-nanoparticles generated by Plectranthus amboinicus(Elsevier, 2024-09)The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize silver nanoparticles using Plectranthus amboinicus leaf extract and investigated their cytotoxicity, anti-bacterial, anti-migratory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Phytogenic AgNPs were characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, Dynamic light scattering, XRD, Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy. Anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-inflammatory, and anti-bacterial activities were examined by MTT assay, scratch assay, human RBC membrane stabilization, and Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion assay. Green synthesized AgNPs showed a surface plasmon peak at 430 nm under a UV–visible spectroscope. Spherical morphology with a size distribution between 20 and 70 nm was observed by TEM. Various biomolecule functional groups capping AgNPs were found by FTIR spectroscope. The crystalline structure of synthesized AgNPs was confirmed through XRD. These green synthesized AgNPs exhibited less toxicity to NIH/3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblast cells and showed good anti-cancer activity with IC50 value of 2 µg/mL by inhibiting the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells. Heat-induced hemolysis of RBC was prevented significantly in a dose-dependent manner, indicating the anti-inflammatory activity of green synthesized AgNPs IC-50–35 µg/mL. The anti-bacterial activity against E. coli, K. pneumonia, and S. aureus results showed that the zone of inhibition was increased along with increased concentrations of AgNPs in all bacterial cultures.
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PublicationMetal-polymer-clay nanocomposites based electrochemical sensor for detecting hydrazine in water sources(Elsevier, 2024-12)AgNPs embedded polymer-clay (AgNPs@PEI-HNT) nanocomposites were successfully employed to sensitively detect hydrazine in water samples using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and amperometry methods. In-situ polymerization was utilized for assembling the polymer-clay composites, which were subsequently coated with AgNPs. PEI improves conductivity and absorbs AgNPs on the surface of HNTs, as evidenced with the help of UV-Visible, IR spectroscopy, XRD, XPS and morphological studies (FE-SEM and TEM). Nanocomposites were coated with GCE, which improved their electrocatalytic performance during hydrazine oxidation. The Tafel plot, Galus and Cottrell equations were used to compute the electron transfer coefficient (0.64), catalytic reaction rate constant (4.81 × 104 M−1s−1) and diffusion coefficient (2.56 × 10−5 cm2/s) of hydrazine at AgNPs@PEI-HNT/GCE. Amperometry technique was used to determine the LOD along with sensitivity of hydrazine, which were 0.22 nm and 116.76 µA µM−1 cm−2. Modified electrode offers enhanced properties for example strong anti-interference capability, good reproducibility, long-term stability, sensitivity, and so on. The designed sensor successfully detects hydrazine in water samples with high recovery rates (R.S.D. < 5 %).
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PublicationOutlier detection method in multiple circular regression model via robust circular distance(AIP Publishing, 2024-08-19)The method of outlier detection with regards to circular regression have been widely developed nowadays. Several diagrammatical plots, numerical presentation as well as hypothesis testing have been recommended in detecting the outliers. As we know, the presence of outliers in dataset significantly impacts the parameter estimation and inference of the statistics. The outlier detection that exists in multiple circular regression model (MCRM) also attracting the interest of statisticians and researchers to do the research in depth. This paper presents the outlier detection method in MCRM using circular distance as well as circular error. The proposed method has been investigated through simulation study and the 5% upper percentiles is considered in obtaining the cut-off point as well as the performance power. Here, the procedure successfully identifies two outliers detected in the data set.
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PublicationEffectiveness of direct sulfonated polysulfone in dual chamber microbial fuel cells based dewatered sludge for power generation(Springer, 2024-08)In the realm of bioprocess technology, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are regarded as a noteworthy innovation that can simultaneously bioremediate wastewater and utilise as renewable energy applications. The investigation began with synthesizing composite proton exchange membrane (PEM) with sulfonated polysulfone (SPSF) and sulfonated chitosan (SCS) as a separator for MFCs. A composite membrane has been developed by crosslinking a microporous SPSF substrate with a thin layer of chitosan (CS). The membrane was then evaluated for its suitability in MFCs which employ dewatered sludge. The appearance and physico-mechanical properties of this composite were thoroughly examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), proton conductivity measurements, back-end titration tests, and water uptake studies. Attempts were made to enhance the connection between the duo polymers such as PSF and CS by providing surface changes with the incorporation of sulfonation properties. As a result, two novel types of composite materials were developed: (SPSF/CS) and (SPSF/SCS), which were made by altering a PSF membrane’s surface before adding a chitosan layer using the non-solvent phase inversion technique. The proton conductivity of SPSF/CS and SPSF/SCS composites was measured and contrasted with that of unmodified PSF. The composite, SPSF/SCS-1, 0.5 wt%, showed greater proton conductivity and ion exchange capacity (IEC) (1.7 meq/g, 0.061 S/cm) than the unaltered PSF (0.99 meq/g, 0.009 S/cm). According to the MFCs performance, the SPSF/SCS-1, 0.5 wt% membrane demonstrated a substantial electricity production compared to pristine PSF 38.57 mW/m2 and 0.449 mW/m2. These results vividly depicted that the composite SPSF/SCS PEM increases the productivity of dual-chamber MFCs.
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PublicationChitosan-mediated tailoring of cadmium sulphide nanoparticle: synthesis, properties, and interactive mechanisms(Elsevier, 2024-09)This study explores the synergistic effects of chitosan-coated cadmium sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles (NPs) at varying concentrations on their structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties. CdS NPs are known for their promising photocatalytic potential, but their practical application often requires stability enhancement and reduced toxicity. Chitosan, a natural biopolymer, offers unique advantages such as biocompatibility and heavy metal adsorption capabilities, making it an attractive candidate for surface modification of CdS NPs. Our investigation reveals that chitosan-coated CdS NPs exhibit concentration-dependent changes in their crystalline structure, bandgap energy, particle size, and vibrational characteristics. Notably, CdS NPs synthesized with 1.5 g chitosan concentration display the smallest bandgap and particle size, suggesting optimal photocatalytic activity. This research provides valuable insights into tailoring CdS NPs for efficient visible light photocatalysis, with implications in environmental remediation and energy conversion.
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PublicationCorak penggunaan percampuran kod dalam kalangan pelajar Malaysia di China( 2022-12)Bahasa adalah alat yang sangat penting bagi manusia untuk berkomunikasi antara satu sama lain. Ia juga merupakan alat untuk menyampaikan mesej dari seorang individu ke individu lain. Di dunia moden, cara manusia berkomunikasi menjadi lebih mudah dan pantas dengan penemuan teknologi. Salah satu medium komunikasi yang popular di kalangan pengguna adalah aplikasi WhatsApp. Bahasa yang digunakan dalam aplikasi WhatsApp juga bergantung kepada pengguna bahasa. Namun begitu, di dapati penggunaan bahasa rojak, iaitu percampuran kod bahasa Melayu dan bahasa lain dalam aplikasi WhatsApp adalah amat ketara digunakan oleh pengguna di Malaysia. Sehubungan itu, tujuan kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk melihat bentuk dan corak penggunaan percampuran kod antara bahasa Melayu dan Mandarin dalam platform media sosial WhatsApp serta faktor yang mendorong kepada penggunaan percampuran kod tersebut. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Data dikumpul daripada sebuah kumpulan perbualan di aplikasi WhatsApp yang terdiri daripada 18 orang alumni pelajar jurusan bahasa Mandarin dan merupakan rakan sekelas selama lima tahun dari Beijing Foreign Studies University, China. Data diambil dari sejarah perbualan mereka dalam jangka masa dua tahun empat bulan iaitu daripada 6 Mac 2015 sehingga 6 Julai 2017. Dapatan kajian mendapati bentuk percampuran kod penyisipan adalah bentuk yang paling banyak digunakan diikuti dengan bentuk penggantian. Manakala bentuk percampuran kod yang sedikit adalah bentuk leksikal kongruen. Seterusnya faktor yang menyebabkan penggunaan percampuran kod ini adalah ketiadaan istilah atau terjemahan yang tepat, mudah menyampaikan maksud pesanan, dapat berlatih serta meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Mandarin, faktor pesekitaran, tanda penegasan dan mengelak daripada berlakunya salah faham. Secara keseluruhannya, penggunaan percampuran kod ini dapat membantu pelajar supaya menjadi biasa dengan penggunaannya, seterusnya meningkatkan tahap pemahaman mereka.
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PublicationGerakan politik Melayu, 1945-1957( 2013)Kebangkitan politik orang Melayu di seluruh Tanah Melayu mencapai kemuncaknya dengan pengamalan orang Melayu menentang Malayan Union yang diperkenalkan oleh British pada tahun 1946. Mereka menentangnya kerana menghalang tindakan British untuk menghapuskan Institusi Raja Melayu dan membuka kerakyatan kepada semua rakyat British di dunia. Penentangan orang Melayu terhadap Malayan Union tidak disenangi oleh Parti Komunis Malaya. Parti ini kemudian bekerjasama dengan orang Melayu radikal yang pada mulanya memihak kepada UMNO. Namun, kerana gagal mendapat kepimpinan orang Melayu, mereka menolak UMNO dan bekerjasama dengan Parti Komunis Malaya. Pemberontakan Komunis pada 1948 telah diisytiharkan. Dengan ini, semua parti kiri dan radikal telah diharamkan. Sehubungan itu, British telah bekerjasama dengan UMNO untuk membawa Tanah Melayu ke arah kerajaan sendiri dan kemerdekaan pada 31 Ogos 1957.
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PublicationDependence of deposition bath temperature for p-electrodeposited-Cu₂O onto n-TiO₂/ZnO bilayer thin films(Elsevier, 2023)The synthesis of semiconductor materials is crucial to produce the best properties of heterojunction thin films solar cell. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is coupled with zinc oxide (ZnO) to promote high transmittance due to low utilization of the solar spectrum. In this project, p-Cu2O as absorbing layer was deposited onto n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer thin film which acts as window layer in order to complete the device. Several bath temperatures of 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C were manipulated during Linear Sweep Voltammetry (LSV) measurement and electrodeposition process for p-Cu2O thin film. The LSV measurement was employed to determine the potential value and electrochemical properties of p-Cu2O thin film. Based on findings, the suitable deposition potential chosen is − 0.4 V vs Ag/AgCl. The p-Cu2O thin film deposited at bath temperature of 40 °C exhibited the highest diffraction peak intensity in the (111)-preferred plane orientation showing high crystallinity. The surface morphology of homogeneous and well-defined triangular shape with thickness of 4.93μm was observed. The estimated bandgap energy of 1.92 eV acquired indicated to p-Cu2O thin film. The n-TiO2/ZnO bilayer/p-Cu2O heterojunction thin film was successfully fabricated and showed significant electrical rectification properties. Here in, bath temperature influenced to the enhancement of heterointerface growth development in several properties.
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PublicationAsas sistem pneumatik dan hidraulik( 2015)Buku ini memberi pendedahan berkenaan pengenalan berkenaan Asas Pneumatik, Sistem Pneumatik, Elektro-Pneumatik, Asas Hidraulik dan Sistem Hidraulik yang dipraktikkan dalam Industri pada masa ini. Buku ini memfokuskan kepada asas pengenalan yang merangkumi teori-teori asas pneumatik, elektro-pneumatik, hidraulik dan pam hidraulik. Buku ini juga mengetengahkan simbol-simbol, komponen-komponen, dan litar-litar yang digunakan di dalam Sistem Pneumatik dan Hidraulik serta aplikasinyanya dalam Industri dan juga komponen-komponen yang diperlukan untuk melengkapkan sesuatu litar pneumatik, elektro-pneumatik dan hidraulik. Buku ini juga turut membincangkan tentang aras dan kedudukan setiap komponen mengikut kumpulan bagi litar pneumatik, elektro-pneumatik dan hidraulik. Di akhir bab buku ini menceritakan tentang teori-teori pam dan pengiraan yang terlibat bagi pam hidraulik.
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PublicationTreasure and pressure of becoming honor students( 2019-12)This paper focuses on the different facets of honor students including their motives, joys, and struggles in maintaining a good set of grades. The purpose of this study is to discover the stories of students who excel academically through examining their personal accounts. With the bulk of study directed towards struggling learners, this paper, through phenomenological approach contends that students who excel in their class have their own struggles in vying for academic excellence and recognition. More than simply gearing towards Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs as personal motivations, there is a deeper story behind aspiring for grade of 90 percent and above. Apparently, society plays major impact on harnessing students with academic excellence. This paper uses qualitative approach basically through interviews and focus group discussions with the purposively chosen sample. Honor students deem academic excellence important because it symbolizes the prize of their exerted efforts in complying with the demanding academic requirements of the K-12 program. By and large, the main motives of students to excel academically are their family, financial standing, and ambitions. Academically excellent students take pride in having academic recognitions because it gives them sense of self-satisfaction, pride of their parents, and sometimes, tangible rewards. However, becoming honor students means living by the expectations of the society including their family and teachers. Having a sudden decrease of grades gives honor students pressure that causes them stress. The grade of 90 for honor students may mean both excellence and standard yet, it does not signify nor measure intelligence. Also, students need understanding when they face failure especially when they are pulled out from classes for academic competitions representing the school. Being honor students does not also mean being safe from bullying from their classmates.
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