Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
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Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
Official Name
Wan Azani, Wan Mustafa
Alternative Name
Mustafa, W.
Azani Mustafa, Wan
Mustaffa, Wan Azani
Wan Mustafa, Wan Azani
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57219421621
Researcher ID
J-4603-2014

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  • Publication
    An emotion assessment of stroke patients by using bispectrum features of EEG Signals
    ( 2020)
    Choong Wen Yean
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Murugappan Murugappan
    ;
    Yuvaraj Rajamanickam
    ;
    Abdul Hamid Adom
    ;
    Mohammad Iqbal Omar
    ;
    Bong Siao Zheng
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    Emotion assessment in stroke patients gives meaningful information to physiotherapists to identify the appropriate method for treatment. This study was aimed to classify the emotions of stroke patients by applying bispectrum features in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals from three groups of subjects, namely stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), right brain damage (RBD), and normal control (NC), were analyzed for six different emotional states. The estimated bispectrum mapped in the contour plots show the different appearance of nonlinearity in the EEG signals for different emotional states. Bispectrum features were extracted from the alpha (8–13) Hz, beta (13–30) Hz and gamma (30–49) Hz bands, respectively. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers were used to classify the six emotions in LBD, RBD and NC. The bispectrum features showed statistical significance for all three groups. The beta frequency band was the best performing EEG frequency-sub band for emotion classification. The combination of alpha to gamma bands provides the highest classification accuracy in both KNN and PNN classifiers. Sadness emotion records the highest classification, which was 65.37% in LBD, 71.48% in RBD and 75.56% in NC groups.
  • Publication
    Cervical cancer detection techniques: a chronological review
    ( 2023-05-17)
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Shahrina Ismail
    ;
    Fahirah Syaliza Mokhtar
    ;
    Hiam Alquran
    ;
    Yazan Al-Issa
    Cervical cancer is known as a major health problem globally, with high mortality as well as incidence rates. Over the years, there have been significant advancements in cervical cancer detection techniques, leading to improved accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. This article provides a chronological review of cervical cancer detection techniques, from the traditional Pap smear test to the latest computer-aided detection (CAD) systems. The traditional method for cervical cancer screening is the Pap smear test. It consists of examining cervical cells under a microscope for abnormalities. However, this method is subjective and may miss precancerous lesions, leading to false negatives and a delayed diagnosis. Therefore, a growing interest has been in shown developing CAD methods to enhance cervical cancer screening. However, the effectiveness and reliability of CAD systems are still being evaluated. A systematic review of the literature was performed using the Scopus database to identify relevant studies on cervical cancer detection techniques published between 1996 and 2022. The search terms used included “(cervix OR cervical) AND (cancer OR tumor) AND (detect* OR diagnosis)”. Studies were included if they reported on the development or evaluation of cervical cancer detection techniques, including traditional methods and CAD systems. The results of the review showed that CAD technology for cervical cancer detection has come a long way since it was introduced in the 1990s. Early CAD systems utilized image processing and pattern recognition techniques to analyze digital images of cervical cells, with limited success due to low sensitivity and specificity. In the early 2000s, machine learning (ML) algorithms were introduced to the CAD field for cervical cancer detection, allowing for more accurate and automated analysis of digital images of cervical cells. ML-based CAD systems have shown promise in several studies, with improved sensitivity and specificity reported compared to traditional screening methods. In summary, this chronological review of cervical cancer detection techniques highlights the significant advancements made in this field over the past few decades. ML-based CAD systems have shown promise for improving the accuracy and sensitivity of cervical cancer detection. The Hybrid Intelligent System for Cervical Cancer Diagnosis (HISCCD) and the Automated Cervical Screening System (ACSS) are two of the most promising CAD systems. Still, deeper validation and research are required before being broadly accepted. Continued innovation and collaboration in this field may help enhance cervical cancer detection as well as ultimately reduce the disease’s burden on women worldwide.
  • Publication
    Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) factors to the employability of asnaf group in Perlis
    ( 2022)
    Abdul Ghafur Hanafi
    ;
    Hanis Hazwani Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Fitri Mansor
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    The importance of TVET in Malaysian education is aimed at employment and the main emphasis on practices in the industry in producing a competent workforce in specific fields, meeting the needs of the industry, and contributing to the growth of the country's economy. Even so, the interactions between TVET and the asnaf group in shaping employability have long been controversial, hampered partly by a lack of empirical evidence. This study highlights the view to make TVET an opportunity preamble for the job security of the asnaf group through an in-depth literature review. Several pieces of evidence have been identified that have paved the way to help the asnaf group in securing the labor market through the role that will be played by the authorities, including the private sector. Overall, we conclude that the importance of empowering TVET to the asnaf group is in line with the upcoming industrial revolution and the use of technology in our daily lives. The authority should introduce a policy to assist asnaf aligns with the industry's needs. This policy will create opportunities for the asnaf group to be independent and competent to work at every opportunity given based on their respective educational backgrounds and skills.
  • Publication
    Adaptive PD Controller Performance for Direct Cooling of Thermoelectric Refrigerator
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Mohd Rizal Manan
    ;
    Baseemah Mat Jalaluddin
    ;
    Junaidah Ali Mohd Jobran
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Roejhan Md Kawi
    ;
    Lee T.W.
    ;
    Mat Piah M.S.
    ;
    Diana N.S.
    Refrigerator is the key component to keep the medicine and biological sample in the hospital. The domestic refrigerator has the problem of larger size and heavier weight since to the compact system like condenser, compressor, evaporator and expansion valve are assemble and using in the refrigerator. This project focused on design of temperature control of the portable thermoelectric refrigerator for medical purpose. Thermoelectric refrigerator is using the direct cooling method through thermoelectric module. Thermoelectric refrigerator has several advantages such as smaller size, lighter and silent when operated. Since maintain a constant temperature for the storage of medical product is important, a specific refrigerator is needed to ensure the medicine is stored in desired temperature. This project is to design and develop an adaptive control system which can perform a good temperature control for the thermoelectric refrigerator. The second order model is applied to design adaptive Proportional-Derivative (PD) controller. The selected controller is the adaptive PD controller because the performance of response shows 0.42 C of less steady state error and 0.21 C of lower undershoot. The adaptive PD control system designed able to let the refrigerator operate in different operating condition without influence the performance of the refrigerator.
  • Publication
    Renewable Energy Driven Exhaust Fan for Use in Laboratory via IOT
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohamed Mydin Hj M.Abdul Kader
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Zol Bahri Razali
    ;
    Syahrul Affandi Saidi
    ;
    Akbar M.F.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Osman M.K.
    ;
    Setumin S.
    ;
    Idris M.
    ;
    Mahendran Gunaseakaran
    ;
    Nor Syamina Sharifful Mizam
    This paper discussed on the hardware product of renewable energy driven exhaust fan for use in laboratory via IOT. Ventilation is generally deployed in buildings for maintaining user's safety and health. This renewable energy driven exhaust fan is the most considered system in improving the energy saving while sustaining user's safety and health. If we can renew and reuse the energy we waste, it would help in some way to the problem of scarcity of energy, which is major threat of present world. Initial capital cost of solar systems is still quite high when it comes to generate power for domestic. By using the concept of wind turbines wind-generated electricity can be used for battery charging and for connection with the power grid. Hence this research proposes a prototype of Renewable Energy Driven Exhaust Fan for use in laboratory via IOT. This research presents a prototype of regenerating power by an exhaust fan. The generated power can be either used directly or can be stored in a battery. This exhaust fan also can be controlled and monitored via IOT. The objectives of this research are, to design and develop an exhaust fan that can be driven by renewable energy, to design and develop an exhaust fan that can be controlled by IoT and to collect data and analyze the power consumptions and power saving. Methods used in this research is to use power from battery to operate the Fan 1. Than this kinetic energy produced by Fan 1 is used to drive Fan 2 and Fan 3 which are now actually a pair of generators with the help of charging circuit to directly recharge the battery which at first used to power up Fan 1. Analysis is then carried out to evaluate the theory, which actually agreed to the initial theory as presented
  • Publication
    Automatic People Counting System Using Aerial Image Captured by Drone for Event Management
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Rajasalavam V.R.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    Event management refers to the ability to apply project management skills in order to initiate large scale social or business events. Hence, it requires the use of organizational as well as business management skills to envision, plan, and finally execute any such event. Therefore, to count or estimate the number of people who attend such events is one of important tool in event management. In common, counting number of people in events can be done by counting manually traditional headcount system. Nevertheless, this process or technique consumes much time and is also a difficult task to execute for a considerable number of people or a bigger crowd. Therefore, a modern counting system like automatic people counting system is developed to enhance the process of counting people. Thus, various method of counting has been proposed in the past decades. Consequently, automatic counting people using digital image processing technique is introduced to overcome this problem. Thus, to monitor or to count the number of people can be done by using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drones. The use of drones can take a broader picture, saving time and becoming more efficient. For this research, the DJI Mavic Pro Drone is used to scout the areas. This paper is focusing on counting the number of people images. Thus, the images are firstly compared between RGB and HSV colour model. Then, the HSV colour model has been chosen for the thresholding process. Here, the images are compared between Otsu thresholding and manual thresholding. Both thresholding method gives a good segmentation result, but Otsu’s method is chosen because of its higher accuracy. Moreover, noise removal technique is employed in order to get good smoothing performance and produce better counting results. This paper is fully developed with MATLAB R2013a software. This technique has proven to be a good image processing technique with total accuracy of 91%. The hardware system is also developed to transmit the counting results.
  • Publication
    Malaria Parasite Diagnosis Using Computational Techniques: A Comprehensive Review
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Hiam Alquran
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Aimi Salihah Abdul Nasir
    ;
    Mohamed Mydin Hj M.Abdul Kader
    ;
    Midhat Nabil Ahmad Salimi
    ;
    Mohd Wafi Nasrudin
    Malaria is a very serious disease that caused by the transmitted of parasites through the bites of infected Anopheles mosquito. Malaria death cases can be reduced and prevented through early diagnosis and prompt treatment. A fast and easy-to-use method, with high performance is required to differentiate malaria from non-malarial fevers. Manual examination of blood smears is currently the gold standard, but it is time-consuming, labour-intensive, requires skilled microscopists and the sensitivity of the method depends heavily on the skills of the microscopist. Currently, microscopy-based diagnosis remains the most widely used approach for malaria diagnosis. The development of automated malaria detection techniques is still a field of interest. Automated detection is faster and high accuracy compared to the traditional technique using microscopy. This paper presents an exhaustive review of these studies and suggests a direction for future developments of the malaria detection techniques. This paper analysis of three popular computational approaches which is k-mean clustering, neural network, and morphological approach was presented. Based on overall performance, many research proposed based on the morphological approach in order to detect malaria.
  • Publication
    Comparative investigations on different types of inductors in single-phase inverter
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Ahmad Muhyiddin Yusof
    ;
    Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli
    This article organized in two sections where it compares the performance of single-phase inverters using various types of inductors with differences modulation technique of pulse width modulation (PWM). Not all inductors perform the same function, even the inductance value is the same. The study will investigate the capability of each inductor on its performance to convert the unfiltered AC voltage into filtered sinusoidal AC voltage. The drum core and toroidal core inductors were used in this investigation. For both inductors, the performance will be analyzed based on Bipolar and Unipolar switching schemes in a single unit H-bridge circuit. The validation of results are through experimental assessment only and it will be evaluating the shape of sinusoidal AC voltage and the content of total harmonics distortion in the AC voltage for both inductors.
  • Publication
    Analysis of Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Multilevel Inverter using GWO Algorithm
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli
    ;
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Liew Hui Fang
    ;
    Alkhayyat A.
    ;
    Darghaoth A.M.H.
    This article presents a single-phase multilevel inverter with reduced switches technique to generate 9-level output voltage waveform during symmetric operation and 17-level output voltage waveform during asymmetric operation. The generation of firing angles for each power switches are tuned by using the Grey Wolf Optimization technique. The purpose of this study is to investigate the capability of the propose multilevel circuit on handling the different voltage injection to form the symmetrical and asymmetrical operation in a real hardware implementation. The proposed topology only used 10 units of power switches to from 17-level output voltage waveform compared to the conventional multilevel topology which requires 32 units of power switches. The reduction of power switches has significantly reduced the converter size as well as the power consumption for the controller and driver circuit. The feasibility of the proposed technique has been validated using MATLAB/Simulink software and through experimental results. The results will be focused on the harmonic performance and the amount of THD for asymmetrical is much lower compared to the symmetrical configuration.
  • Publication
    Development and Design Humidity Controller for Hybrid Refrigerator System
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohd Saifizi Saidon
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Mohd Hanif Ismail
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    This paper studies on control the humidity in the refrigerator for a vaccine. For the vaccine to be effective, it must be stored at a specific temperature for a vaccine to maintain its potency. The required range of temperature for vaccines is between +2 to +8ºC, while the relative humidity is 20 to 60%. The main problem is that vaccines are quickly diminished and cannot stay if they exposed to the extreme temperature and humidity from the range required. Nowadays, refrigerators are used to store vaccines in the hospital, and manufacturers are not able to control the humidity inside the refrigerator. Therefore, this paper aims to develop and design a humidity controller for a hybrid refrigerator system. This paper will consist of three main parts: integrate vapour refrigerator with thermoelectric, analysis of hybrid refrigerator characteristics, and design humidity controller. Based on the hybrid refrigerator response, the 10 to 50% duty cycyle of pulse width modulation (PWM) current is injected to maintain the desired temperature range. Among the controller tested, the value of PWM with a minimum of 20% to a maximum of 30% - this is deemed to be the most desirable range that would be able to maintain the desired humidity range. The thermoelectric used in this paper will be able to maintain temperature 5 ºC and also to control humidity as desired, which ranged from 20 to 60% to ensure that the vaccine performance would last longer.