Anas Mohd Noor
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Anas Mohd Noor
Official Name
Anas, Mohd Noor
Alternative Name
Mohd Noor, Anas
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Scopus Author ID
57190394249
Researcher ID
DVM-0848-2022

Research Output

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  • Publication
    Classifying white blood cells from a peripheral blood smear image using a histogram of oriented gradient feature of nuclei shapes
    ( 2020-06-11)
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Haniza Yazid
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Aishah Mohd Noor
    Researchers developed various methods and algorithms to classify white blood cells (WBCs) from blood smear images to assist hematologists and to develop an automatic system. Furthermore, the pathological and hematological conditions of WBCs are related to diseases that can be analyzed accurately in a short time. In this work, we proposed a simple technique for WBC classification from a peripheral blood smear image based on the types of cell nuclei. The developed algorithms utilized a histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) feature typically known for application in human disease detection. The segmentation of WBC nuclei utilizes a YCbCr color space and K-means clustering techniques. The HOG feature contains information about the cell nuclei shapes, which then is classified using a support vector machine (SVM) and backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN). The results show that the proposed HOG feature is useful for WBC classification based on the shapes of nuclei. We are able to categorize the type of a WBC based on its nucleus shape with more than 95% accuracy.
      1  27
  • Publication
    Design and Fabrication of Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Device for Cell Migration Control
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Mazalan M.
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Zakaria N.F.
    ;
    Zakaria M.R.
    ;
    Ismail A.M.
    ;
    Zaman W.S.W.K.
    ;
    Mohammad Shahrazel Razalli
    ;
    Do T.D.
    ;
    Wahab Y.
    Surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are widely used for cell manipulation and cell separation in cellular biology research. Despite the fact that the SAW stimulation is biocompatible and noninvasive, it is still unknown how cells will respond to the stimulation in terms of migration. In this study, we developed two types of SAW device model with different frequency at 83 MHz and 124 MHz and investigated the effect of standing SAW stimulation to the cells model. We also fabricated the SAW devices to measure its electrical properties. As a result, different local stresses along cell-fluid boundaries was observed as different frequencies of standing SAW were applied to the cells. The standing SAW with higher frequency ascribed to a higher stress at the cell's apical and basal as compared to lower frequency stimulation. Moreover, the fabricated SAW shows a low insertion loss at −19.8 dB and −13.5 dB for the 83 MHz and 124 MHz of SAW, respectively. Based on these results, the standing SAW can be used as an alternative tool in regulating the aberrant cellular activities related with cell migration.
      24  1
  • Publication
    Microfluidic device for rapid investigation of the deformability of leukocytes in whole blood samples
    (Springer, 2020)
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Taisuke Masuda
    ;
    Fumihito Arai
    The mechanical properties of cells, such as leukocytes, in a diseased state differ from those of healthy cells, typically due to their microstructure. The deformability of the cells through a constrictive area is analyzed by the applied stress to the cell. This study investigates the relationship between the sample flow speed and distribution of captured leukocytes based on the cell deformability using a microfluidic device. The device comprises of microfilters that serve as the filtration mechanism. The microfilter gap size gradually decreases from 15 to 3 Âµm to facilitate the deformability-based separation. Leukocytes have various sizes; hence, they can be separated by microfilters directly from whole blood samples without any cell clogging, and they do not require sample pre-processing such as centrifugation or red blood cell lysis. The distribution of leukocytes captured by the microfilters with respect to the sample flow speed can be analyzed; at higher sample flow speeds of 6 µL/min, small leukocytes with a size of 7 Âµm could not be captured and they passed through the smallest microfilter gap size of 3 Âµm. For smaller leukocytes, such as lymphocytes, the distributions are mainly at gap sizes of 4 Âµm to 8 Âµm, with most of the lymphocytes captured at the 6 Âµm microfilter gap size. We conclude that the distribution of the cells captured during the filtration varies depending on the microfilter gap sizes, applied sample flow speed, cell sizes, and the ability of the cells to deform. The deformability imaging profiles of the sample could be developed from the images of the cell distribution, which might be useful for preliminary screening in the clinical applications. This work presents the development of a simple device for the study of cell deformability as the results provide a biophysical marker in high throughput and bulk sample analyses.
      1  16
  • Publication
    Classification of White Blood Cells Based on Surf Feature
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Aishah Mohd Noor
    ;
    Ahmad Nasrul Norali
    Conventional blood analysis using blood smear image were performed manually by experts in hematology is tedious and highly depending on the level of experience. Currently, computer-assist technology is developed to reduce the time-consuming process and improved accuracy. As an example, various image processing techniques used to quantify such as white blood cells (WBCs) morphological conditions or classification in the blood smear image, which assist experts in developing confidence decision making in the analysis of cells conditions linked to the specific diseases. However, the WBCs shape features are arbitrary than the red blood cells (RBCs) because of the maturation state, cell orientations or positions, cell color variations, and the quality of the image captured influences the performance of classification accuracy. Therefore, we proposed a scale and rotation invariance feature for WBCs classification using speed up robust feature (SURF). SURF is suitable to be applied in identifying objects even though the orientation, scale, and position are varying, such as WBCs in microscopic blood smear images. We analyzed the classification performances using a support vector machine (SVM) and an artificial neural network (ANN) of WBCs types in the microscopic image based on the cell nucleus. The results show that the purposed SURF feature method has an excellent performance of accuracy for both methods and suitable to be utilized for the application of cell types classification.
      1  34
  • Publication
    An Overview of Medical Applications in Meningitis Detection
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Abdulrahman Ahmed A.
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Hamood Ali M.
    ;
    Pusppanathan J.
    ;
    Zarina Mohd Mhji S.
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman
    ;
    Muhamad Khairul Ali Hassan
    ;
    Muhammad Juhairi Aziz Safar
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    Meningitis remains one of the common infections among young children with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Southeast Asian, only few studies were reported published which evaluated meningitis clinically in the last two decades. Similarly, few studies in Malaysia evaluated meningitis among adolescents and children. Globally, more than one million cases with 135,000 deaths has been recorded yearly, and in Malaysia, severe neurological complications occurs in 9-25% of cases which affirms the most serious risk manifests from bacterial meningitis. Therefore, early detection and effective treatment are required before the irreversible damages occur. This paper reviews the current states and perspectives of diagnostic techniques on meningitis detection. Currently, there are three diagnostic techniques available for meningitis detection, such as blood cultures, spinal tap (lumbar puncture), and imaging techniques (CT scan, MRI, EIT, Ultrasonography, Nuclear imaging and X-ray). However, these techniques have limitations that may limit the chances of carrying out the early detection of the disease. The essence of this review is that meningitis requires an effective technique that is capable of carrying out the early detection of the disease by differentiating normal people and Meningitis infected patients so as to promote longevity worldwide. In this review magnetic induction tomography (MIT) technique is proposed to diagnose meningitis earlier as it is non-intrusive, non-invasive, contactless, and electrode-less imaging technique which does not expose the patients to a harmful radiation.
      24  4
  • Publication
    Simulation of Single Channel Magnetic Induction Tomography for Meningitis Detection by Using COMSOL Multiphysics
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Aiman Abdulrahman Ahmed
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Ali M.H.
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Siti Fatimah Abdul Halim
    ;
    Ahmad Nasrul Norali
    ;
    Pusppanathan J.
    ;
    Rahim R.A.
    Meningitis is a inflammation of the meninges and the most common central nervous system (CNS) due to bacterial infection. Numbers of children who have bacterial meningitis are still high in recent 15 years regardless of the availability of newer antibiotics and preventive strategies. This research focuses on simulation using COMSOL Multiphysics on the design and development of magnetic induction tomography (MIT) system that emphasizes on a single channel rotatable of brain tissue imaging. The purpose of this simulation is to test the capability of the developed MIT system in detecting the change in conductivity and to identify the suitable transmitter-receiver pair and the optimum frequency based on phase shift measurement technique for detecting the conductivity property distribution of brain tissues. The obtained result verified that the performance of the square coil with 12 number of turns (5Tx-12Rx) with 10MHz frequency has been identified as the suitable transmitter-receiver pair and the optimum frequency for detecting the conductivity property distribution of brain tissues.
      1  29
  • Publication
    Intraocular MEMS Capacitive Pressure Sensor
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Norlaili Saad
    Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sensors are suitable for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP). IOP measurement is useful for monitoring diseases such as glaucoma. The average pressure range for healthy persons is within 10–20 mmHg. A pressure beyond this range could damage the eye nerves and causes of blindness. Thus, a sensor for measuring the pressure should provide excellent accuracy and sensitivity. Intraocular capacitive pressure sensors are widely used in measurement of IOP. They offer high sensitivity and low noise, including invariance to temperature. Thus, the capacitive pressure sensor is performed better than other types of sensing methods. In this work, capacitive pressure sensors are designed and analyzed using FEM. The sensitivity and performance of a corrugated diaphragm, slot-type, square, and circular types of sensors designed are analyzed. Different shape of the sensor provides a different characteristic such as sensors pressure sensitivity, mechanical stress, and maximum deflection. As a result, corrugated diaphragm and slot-type sensors designed performs better than the flat diaphragm and non-slotted sensors designed. We show that four slotted non-corrugated square and circular designs have a high sensitivity, which is 0.157 mF higher than the eight slotted design. However, for corrugated design, eight slotted shows sensitivity is 0.147 mF higher and linearity analysis than four slotted sensor design. Circular shape design for eight slotted design, on the other hand, have 0.631 mF higher than the four slotted design. Corrugated design is more sensitive when a load is applied, while slotted design reduces the effect of residual stress and stiffness of the diaphragm. Thus, it is an advantage of using the FEM method for further analysis of sensor performance optimization.
      1  19
  • Publication
    Current development in interdigital transducer (IDT) surface acoustic wave devices for live cell in vitro studies: A review
    (MDPI, 2022-01-01)
    Mazlee Mazalan
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Yufridin Wahab
    ;
    Shuhaida Yahud
    ;
    Zaman W.S.W.K.
    Acoustics have a wide range of uses, from noise-cancelling to ultrasonic imaging. There has been a surge in interest in developing acoustic-based approaches for biological and biomedical applications in the last decade. This review focused on the application of surface acoustic waves (SAW) based on interdigital transducers (IDT) for live-cell investigations, such as cell manipulation, cell separation, cell seeding, cell migration, cell characteristics, and cell behaviours. The approach is also known as acoustofluidic, because the SAW device is coupled with a microfluidic system that contains live cells. This article provides an overview of several forms of IDT of SAW devices on recently used cells. Conclusively, a brief viewpoint and overview of the future application of SAW techniques in live-cell investigations were presented.
      4  31
  • Publication
    A comprehensive review of the recent developments in wearable Sweat-Sensing Devices
    ( 2022-10-01)
    Nur Fatin Adini Ibrahim
    ;
    Norhayati Sabani
    ;
    Shazlina Johari
    ;
    Asrulnizam Abd Manaf
    ;
    Asnida Abdul Wahab
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    Sweat analysis offers non-invasive real-time on-body measurement for wearable sensors. However, there are still gaps in current developed sweat-sensing devices (SSDs) regarding the concerns of mixing fresh and old sweat and real-time measurement, which are the requirements to ensure accurate the measurement of wearable devices. This review paper discusses these limitations by aiding model designs, features, performance, and the device operation for exploring the SSDs used in different sweat collection tools, focusing on continuous and non-continuous flow sweat analysis. In addition, the paper also comprehensively presents various sweat biomarkers that have been explored by earlier works in order to broaden the use of non-invasive sweat samples in healthcare and related applications. This work also discusses the target analyte’s response mechanism for different sweat compositions, categories of sweat collection devices, and recent advances in SSDs regarding optimal design, functionality, and performance.
      4  2
  • Publication
    Characterization of Excimer Laser Micromachining Parameters to Derive Optimal Performance for the Production of Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-based Microfluidic Devices
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Shazlina Johari
    ;
    Ting Z.K.
    ;
    Mazlee Mazalan
    ;
    Yufridin Wahab
    ;
    Anas Mohd Noor
    ;
    Mohd Fairus Ahmad
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    Laser micromachining has been used as an alternative to producing microfluidics structures and simplifying the conventional soft lithography process. In this paper we characterize the excimer laser micromachining parameters and demonstrate its application by producing several microfluidic structures in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The parameters include the number of laser pulses, laser energy and rectangular variable aperture (RVA) in both x- and y-directions. We found that the laser energy and pulse rate affect the depth of micromachining d channels, while RVA in both x- and y-directions affects the width of the channels. Repetition of laser scan does not change the channel width but significantly changes the channel depth. Proper adjustment for laser energy and pulse rate is required to fabricate a desired channels depth. In order to demonstrate the microfabrication capability of an excimer laser with the optimal operating parameters, several microfluidic structures were micromachining d into PDMS with a KrF excimer laser.
      1