Now showing 1 - 10 of 33
  • Publication
    Application of natural zeolite clinoptilolite for the removal of ammonia in wastewater
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
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    Othman M.H.D.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Abd Aziz M.H.
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    This work intends the characterization of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite and its capability in removing the ammonia in wastewater. The natural zeolite clinoptilolite was characterized using transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and zeta potential prior to the adsorption process. The results showed that the natural zeolite clinoptilolite possessed the lamellar and needle-like structure thus giving the highest surface area for effective adsorption. The main constituent of the element consisted of natural zeolite clinoptilolite is known to have a high affinity towards ammonia. Additionally, the zeta potential analysis has shown that natural zeolite clinoptilolite is negatively charged in all media pH with the highest negative potential of −30 mV recorded at pH 7 thus, contributing to the highly effective electrostatic interaction with the contaminants’ cations. Consequently, the excellent performance in removing ammonia of up to 82.97 % has revealed that the natural zeolite clinoptilolite has a great potential to be developed as a synergized adsorptive ceramic membrane that is combining the adsorption and the filtration of water simultaneously.
  • Publication
    Influence of material properties on the fluid-structure interaction aspects during molded underfill process
    ( 2017)
    C.Y. Khor
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    M.U. Rosli
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    M.S Zakaria
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    A.F.M. Yamin
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    M.S. Abdul Aziz
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    M.Z. Abdullah
    This paper presents the investigation of the effects of epoxy moulding compound’ (EMC) viscosity on the FSI aspects during moulded underfill process (MUF). Finite volume (FV) code and finite element (FE) code were connected online through the Mesh-based Parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI) method for fluid and structural analysis. The EMC flow behaviour was modelled by Castro-Macosko model, which was written in C language and incorporated into the FV analysis. Real-time predictions on the flow front, chip deformation and stress concentration were solved by FV- and FE-solver. Increase in EMC viscosity raises the deformation and stress imposed on IC and solder bump, which may induce unintended features on the IC structure. The current simulation is expected to provide the better understandings and clear visualization of FSI in the moulded underfill process.
  • Publication
    The Characterization Techniques of Nanomaterials
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
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    Shafie M.H.
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    Shamsudin M.S.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Abd Aziz M.H.
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    Nasir A.M.
    In industries, including water treatment, catalysis, oil refining, sensors, food, energy storage, construction materials, and many others, a great deal of investigation has been undertaken on the application of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with remarkable capabilities; however, when released into the environment, certain nanoparticles and nanomaterials may display detrimental features. Identification and characterization of nanoparticles need additional insight into physicochemical attributes and testing procedures compared to conventional compounds. In addition, regulating considerations for chemicals are generally based on particular toxicological characteristics that might not be exactly equivalent to those of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, regulatory authorities lack an authorized decision framework for nanomaterials that relates the significance of particular physicochemical indicators to toxicological consequences. This chapter addresses several physicochemical parameters and accessible testing techniques for nanomaterials. It provides a summary of the statutory implications and procedures used for evaluating nanomaterials, as well as approaches from the previous research, and evaluates the appropriateness and applicability restrictions of the techniques.
  • Publication
    Novel hydroxyapatite-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste cow bone for textile wastewater treatment
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Othman M.H.D.
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    Tai Z.S.
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    Yusuf N.K.
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    Ahmad AA.
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    Rahman M.A.
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    Jaafar J.
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    Kadir S.H.S.A.
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    Harun Z.
    Industrial textile wastewater is toxic due to the presence of recalcitrant color pigments and poisonous heavy metals. In this study, the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membranes (h-bio-CHFM) were developed via the combined phase inversion and sintering technique. It was found that the properties of the developed h-bio-CHFMs were greatly affected by the HAp content of the ceramic suspension, and sintering temperature. The h-bio-CHFM with the sintering temperature of 1200 °C exhibited the long rod-shaped HAp particles and the smallest pore size (0.013 μm). High removals of color (99.9%), COD (80.1%), turbidity (99.4%) and conductivity (30.1%) were achieved using the h-bio-CHFM sintered at 1200 °C with stable high flux of 88.3 L/m2h. Remarkably, the h-bio-CHFM sintered in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C also demonstrated excellent adsorption ability towards heavy metals with 100% removals. The results of this study show the potential of the h-bio-CHFM for the efficient industrial textile wastewater treatment applications.
  • Publication
    Conceptual design and computational analysis of traditional boat passenger seat
    ( 2020-11-02)
    Hasbullah M.H.
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    Zakaria N.A.
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    ; ; ;
    Nordin N.
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    Deraman A.S.
    Todays, there are various of optimisation methods that have been studied by many researchers in order to find the appropriate combination of processing parameters setting in the injection moulding process. From the previous literatures, the optimisation works have been proven will improve the moulded part quality. In this study, the application of optimisation work to improve warpage of front panel housing has been explored. By selecting cooling time, coolant temperature, packing pressure and melt temperature as the variable parameters, design of experiment (DOE) have been constructed by using the rotatable central composite design (CCD) approach. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed in order to define the optimal processing parameters setting which will optimise the warpage condition. Based on the results, melt temperature is the most significant factor contribute to the warpage condition and warpage have optimised by 47.1% after optimisation. The findings show that the application of optimisation work offers the best quality of moulded part produced.
  • Publication
    The Route of Hydrothermal Synthesis Zeolite-A from the Low-Grade Perak kaolin, Malaysia
    ( 2022-08-01)
    Sazali N.
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    Harun Z.
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    Abdullahi T.
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    Kamarudin N.H.
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    Sazali N.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Alias S.S.
    Zeolite A was successfully synthesized using Perak kaolin which acts as the main source of silica and alumina. The process of beneficiation was conducted on raw kaolin to remove the impurities that existed in natural kaolin and also to increase the physical and chemical characteristic of kaolin. The kaolin was continued to be heated in the furnace with the temperature of 6000C for 4 h which described as a metakaolinization process that transformed it into the amorphous stage. The raw kaolin was characterized by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, PSA, TGA, while metakaolin by XRD, FESEM and FTIR. The mixture of zeolite A was achieved by adding the metakaolin into sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution without adding other sources of silica and alumina. The solution mixture was stirred for 24 h before undergoing the process of hydrothermal synthesis. Two optimum conditions were studied for Zeolite A synthesizing, which were different molarity of sodium hydroxide and crystallizations time during the hydrothermal process. The successful synthesis of Zeolite A was then characterized by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, PSA, and BET surface area. The BET surface area of Zeolite-A is higher, 5.26 m2/g, compared to natural zeolite, 2.9 m2/g. As demonstrated in this work, Perak kaolin which was successfully synthesized into Zeolite-A with 2 M NaOH and 12-h crystallization time, gave a higher crystallinity percentage, 72.97%. The results obtained revealed that formation The of zeolite A has been highly affected by the NaOH molarity and crystallization time used in the combination of reactions.
  • Publication
    Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
    The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
  • Publication
    Electrospinning parameters evaluation of PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O composite nanofiber affect on porosity by using response surface methodology
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Rosman N.
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    Wan Salleh W.N.
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    Adam M.R.
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    Ismail N.H.
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    Jaafar J.
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    Harun Z.
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    Ismail A.F.
    The electrospinning process is a very important technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers by applying external electrostatic forces. This study reports on the modeling of the electrospinning process of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the immobilized ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The individual and interaction effects of the most effective variables, such as applied voltage (6.5, 8 and 9.5 kV), nozzle-collector distance (10, 12.5 and 15 cm) and ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O photocatalyst concentration (0.1, 0.8 and 1.5 g), have been evaluated on the porosity response of the nanofiber. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the spinning voltage was the main variable affecting the average porosity of the composite PVDF nanofiber. The regression coefficient between the variables and the mean porosity (R2= 0.8321) indicates acceptable evaluation of experimental data by quadratic polynomial regression.
  • Publication
    The emergence of adsorptive membrane treatment for pollutants removal – A mini bibliometric analysis study
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Abd Aziz M.H.
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    Owing to its toxic and cancer-causing consequences on living organisms, water pollution has garnered worldwide attention. As a result of the severe global drinking water shortages caused by the presence of several contaminants in water sources, a variety of treatment methods have been developed. Among accessible removal methods, adsorptive removal by adsorbents including metal–organic frameworks (MOF), metal oxide, carbon-based substances, and zeolite has garnered a great deal of interest because of their abundance of functional groups, relatively large surface area, great chemical and thermal resistance, and excellent adsorption efficiency. Due to their outstanding efficacy and proficiency in the water treatment process, adsorptive membranes are regarded as one of the most advantageous and promising solutions for wastewater reuse technologies. The combination of adsorption and membrane filtration processes, which are characterized by rapid adsorption–desorption volumes, relatively low diffusion impedance, and high flow rates, has garnered considerable interest in recent years. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was undertaken to utilize the Scopus database to find and appreciate the global current status of research on the adsorptive membranes process based on four principal analyses: growth patterns, keyword co-occurrence, topic area, and most cited references. Using the VOSviewer program, a total of 276 Scopus article records published between 1973 and 2021 were extracted and used as input for bibliometric analysis. Since 2016, there have been a large number of articles on adsorptive membranes, and by 2020 there will have been around 40 publications. On the basis of keywords, the principal topics of study in adsorptive membranes may be divided into three clusters: adsorption, membrane studies, and adsorption performance. These bibliometric data provide researchers and business professionals interested in the technology of adsorptive membranes with helpful resources and information on the current research directions of adsorptive membranes.
  • Publication
    Parameters adjustments for facile synthesis of high magnetization iron oxide nanoparticles from natural sand
    ( 2024-02-01)
    Wahfiudin A.
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    Pramata A.D.
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    Wicaksono S.T.
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    This study explores the synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles (SPIONs) by leveraging natural iron sand and steel wool as primary raw materials within the co-precipitation method, which reduces the cost of production compared to the commercial counterparts. The research systematically investigated the influence of the diethylamine percentage, annealing time and annealing temperature on the SPIONs’ synthesis from natural iron sand by the co-precipitation method. Fe3O4 with varying crystallite sizes, ranging from 11.5 to 14.7 nm, were confirmed. SEM highlighted the nanoparticle agglomeration, a concern addressable through surface modification techniques, as further emphasized by TEM, which confirmed the nano-scale dimensions. Magnetic saturation values were confirmed by VSM, ranging from 37 to 51 emu/g. These values established the superparamagnetic behavior, rendering the nanoparticles suitable for versatile applications. The study identifies a potential threshold effect of the diethylamine concentration on the magnetic saturation and suggests an optimum annealing temperature for energy efficiency. This research contributes valuable insights into harnessing natural iron sand for SPION synthesis, advancing cost-effective and sustainable approaches in nanomaterial development, while emphasizing the importance of parameter customization for producing high-quality SPIONs.