Wong Yee Shian
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Preferred name
Wong Yee Shian
Official Name
Wong, Yee Shian
Alternative Name
Wong, Yee-Shian
Wong, Y. S.
Wong, Yee Shian
Yee-Shian, Wong
Y S Wong
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56004092100
Researcher ID
M-6006-2015

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  • Publication
    Synergistic Effect Between Iron and Food/Microorganism (F/M) Ratio in Biological Wastewater Treatment
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Subramaniam L.S.
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Nazerry Rosmady Rahmat
    ;
    Siripatana C.
    Biological wastewater treatment is mainly dependent on the actions of microorganisms that can be used to treat wastewater. Microorganisms will start to stick together when they degrade the organic matter in wastewater for food and flocculate to settle the pollutants. This study aimed to investigate the effect of food to microorganism (F/M) ratio and iron in a biological process using aerobic treatment. For this purpose, four aerobic tanks (A, B, C, D) were set up using activated sludge as the seed sludge, air pump as air diffuser to provide oxygen to the system, and three litres of synthetic medium as carbon source for each tank. A specific amount of iron (II) sulfate was added into tanks B, C, and D with the weight of 3 g, 6 g, and 9 g, respectively. Tank A act as a control, and no iron dosage was added. The F/M ratio for tanks A, B, C, and D were 0.8, 0.5, 0.4, and 0.3 mg BOD/mg MLVSS, respectively. The aerobic tanks were operated for 40 days in sequential batch mode and sampling was collected four times per week to observe the COD and MLVSS. This study has found that Tank D shows the best performance compared to all tanks with 84.71% COD removal efficiency and a fivefold increment of microorganism growth rate. These findings suggest that a relationship exists between the iron and F/M ratio to enhance the aerobic treatment process.
  • Publication
    Biohydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent with Moringa Oleifera seeds as support carrier in attached growth system
    ( 2020-06-10)
    Hamid W.Z.W.A.
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Malek M.A.
    Biohydrogen production by dark fermentation is one of the attracting alternatives for renewable energy in worldwide. By employing immobilized cells, hydrogen production and cell density could be improved. This study aimed to investigate the efficiency of Moringa Oleifera Seeds (MOS) immobilized cells in enhancing the biohydrogen production using repeated batch fermentation under mesophilic condition, 37°C. The efficiency of MOS as support carrier, effect of the initial pH (5.0-7.0) and performance of raw and diluted Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) using MOS immobilized cells were investigated using anaerobic sludge as inoculums. The cumulative hydrogen production results were fitted into a modified Gompertz equation to find the maximum hydrogen production. MOS immobilized cells was more efficient in producing hydrogen compare to suspended cells (without MOS). The optimal pH obtained using MOS immobilized cells was found to be at pH 6 using raw POME with the maximum hydrogen production (Hm) of 122 mL, the maximum hydrogen production rate (Rm) of 39.0 mL/h, and 560 ppm of hydrogen concentration.
  • Publication
    Transformation from biofiltration unit to hybrid constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell: Improvement of wastewater treatment performance and energy recovery
    ( 2023-05-01)
    Teoh T.P.
    ;
    Koo C.J.
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    This study aimed to compare the performance of biofiltration, constructed wetland, and constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC). The transformation from a biofiltration unit to a hybrid CW-MFC was demonstrated with the advantages of improvement of wastewater treatment while generating electricity simultaneously. The introduction of plants to the upper region of the bioreactor enhanced the DO level by 0.8 mg/L, ammonium removal by 5 %, and COD removal by 1 %. The integration of electrodes and external circuits stimulated the degradation rate of organic matter in the anodic region (1 % without aeration and 3 % with aeration) and produced 5.13 mW/m3 of maximum power density. Artificial aeration improved the nitrification efficiency by 38 % and further removed the residual COD to an efficiency of 99 %. The maximum power density was also increased by 3.2 times (16.71 mW/m3) with the aid of aeration. In treating higher organic loading wastewater (3M), the maximum power density showed a significant increment to 78.01 mW/m3 (4.6-fold) and the COD removal efficiency was 98 %. The ohmic overpotential dominated the proportion of total loss (67-91 %), which could be ascribed to the low ionic conductivity. The reduction in activation and concentration loss contributed to the lower internal resistance with the additional aeration and higher organic loading. Overall, the transformation from biofiltration to a hybrid CW-MFC system is worthwhile since the systems quite resemble while CW-MFC could improve the wastewater treatment as well as recover energy from the treated wastewater.
  • Publication
    Comparative study on the biodegradation of mixed remazol dyes wastewater between integrated anaerobic/aerobic and aerobic sequencing batch reactors
    ( 2017-09-01)
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Khairil Anuar Mohammad Pakri
    Complete mineralization of dye effluent was realized through sequential anaerobic followed by aerobic processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the degradation of wastewater of four remazol dyes with integrated anaerobic/aerobic (SBR1) and aerobic (SBR2) processes under sequencing batch reactor operation. The ORP profiles show that the SBR1 was in anaerobic condition during the 15 h React mode and turned to aerobic condition through air aeration for 3 h. The SBR1 and SBR2 achieved almost similar performance in the removal of organic compounds with average 95% COD removal. The SBR1 performed better in the color removal with 93% removal efficiency while the SBR2 only attained 50% removal efficiency. The biodegradation rate of the remazol dyes was well described by the first-order kinetic model with the sequence degradation rate remazol pink > remazol violet > remazil yellow > remazol green.
  • Publication
    Photocatalytic Degradation of Sugarcane Vinasse Using ZnO Photocatalyst: Operating Parameters, Kinetic Studies, Phytotoxicity Assessments, and Reusability
    ( 2022-02-01)
    Kee W.C.
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Audrey Chai Yee Chieh
    ;
    Eng K.M.
    Abstract: Photocatalytic degradation performance is highly related to optimized operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH value, and catalyst dosage. In this study, the impact of various parameters on the photocatalytic degradation of anaerobically digested vinasse (AnVE) has been determined through decolourization and chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency using zinc oxide (ZnO) photocatalyst. In this context, the application of photocatalytic degradation in treating sugarcane vinasse using ZnO is yet to be explored. The COD reduction efficiency and decolourization achieved 83.40% and 99.29%, respectively, under the conditions of 250 mg/L initial COD concentration, pH 10, and 2.0 g/L catalyst dosage. The phytotoxicity assessment was also conducted to determine the toxicity of AnVE before and after treatment using mung bean (Vigna radiata). The reduction of root length and the weight of mung bean indicated that the sugarcane vinasse contains enormous amounts of organic substances that affect the plant's growth. The toxicity reduction in the AnVE solution can be proved by UV–Vis absorption spectra. Furthermore, the catalyst recovery achieved 93% in the reusability test. However, the COD reduction efficiency and decolourization were reduced every cycle. It was due to the depletion of the active sites in the catalyst with the adsorption of organic molecules. Thus, it can be concluded that the photocatalytic degradation in the treatment of AnVE was effective in organic degradation, decolorization, toxicity reduction and can be reused after the recovery process. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.].
  • Publication
    Effect of operating temperature in the anaerobic degradation of palm oil mill effluent: Process performance, microbial community, and biokinetic evaluation
    ( 2022-09-01)
    Audrey Chai Yee Chieh
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Sam Sung Ting
    ;
    Kee Wei Chin
    This research paper presents the thermophilic anaerobic digestion (TAD) of palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is an extension of a previously conducted mesophilic anaerobic digestion (MAD) study. An anaerobic suspended growth closed bioreactor was operated at various hydraulic retention times (HRT) between 24 and 8 days. The effect of operating temperature on the performance, microbial identification, and biokinetic coefficients was evaluated. Performance was quantified by the production of biogas and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction efficiency. Biogas production in TAD (64.56 L/day) was higher than MAD (46.76 L/day). A higher COD reduction efficiency was also achieved in TAD (90.90%) compared to MAD (89.66%). Other than that, more species of methanogenic bacteria were also identified in TAD through 16S rDNA. Furthermore, the modified Monod model implemented in the biokinetic evaluation revealed that higher values of maximum substrate utilization rate (rx,max) and maximum specific biomass growth rate (μmax) contributed to the better performance in TAD. The high rx,max value explains the higher COD reduction efficiency obtained in TAD. The critical retention time (θC) in TAD is also higher than MAD, making it less prone to the washout of active microbes when operating near low retention times. Additionally, TAD also achieved higher methane yield (YCH4) as opposed to MAD. The extension study concluded that the TAD of POME demonstrated improved performance in terms of biogas production and COD reduction when evaluated against the previously conducted MAD.
  • Publication
    Pilot scale single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell for wastewater treatment and electricity generation
    ( 2017-04-06)
    Thung W.E.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan
    ;
    Oon Yoong Ling
    ;
    Oon Yoong Sin
    ;
    Harvinder Kaur Lehl
    Pilot scale up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) was constructed to study feasibility of the bioreactor for simultaneous degradation of organic substance and electricity generation. The performance of the UFML-MFC was evaluated with different anode electrode (cube carbon felt and stacked carbon felt) in terms of voltage output, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and Coulombic efficiency (CE). Carbon flake were used as cathode in the UFML-MFC. UFML-MFC was operated in three stages where included batch-fed, end of batch fed and semi-continuous. The Cube carbon felt as anode have the better performance in terms of voltage output and electricity generation in all 3 stages. Maximum voltage output was 0.311 ± 0.004 V at 75% of COD reduction and thus CE was 0.15%. The result shows the operational mode is the key to improve the voltage output and also COD reduction.
  • Publication
    Caffeine-containing wastewater treatment and bioelectricity generation in up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell: Influence of caffeine concentration, operating conditions, toxicity assessment, and degradation pathway
    ( 2022-04-01)
    Teoh T.P.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Nabilah Aminah Lutpi
    ;
    Oon Y.L.
    ;
    Tan S.M.
    ;
    Ong Y.P.
    ;
    Yap K.L.
    This study explored the potential of caffeine being utilized as the fuel for the microbes to produce electrons for electricity generation in up-flow constructed wetland-microbial fuel cell (UFCW-MFC). The effect of caffeine concentration was investigated to identify the availability of UFCW-MFC in the conversion of caffeine to electrons for electricity production; and the effect of operating conditions (circuit connection, supplementary aeration, and plant) was studied to determine their significance in the treatment of caffeine containing wastewater. The UFCW-MFC achieved about 98% of decaffeination efficiency regardless of caffeine concentration; while a decrease of efficiency was observed when UFCW-MFC operated without supplementary aeration and plant (~93%). COD removal efficiency decreased correspondingly to the increase of caffeine concentration, which could be contributed by the higher concentration of caffeine and its intermediates. The degradation pathway of caffeine in UFCW-MFC was explored in this study. It was remarkable that ammonia was produced and converted to ammonium ions during caffeine catabolism. Supplementary aeration and macrophyte play a crucial role in removing excess caffeine, intermediates as well as accumulated ammonium ions. The toxicity assessment revealed that caffeine was degraded to less toxic products. The closed circuit connection not only contributed to electricity generation but also enhanced the caffeine and COD removal efficiency by 4.6 and 5.4% in the anaerobic region, respectively. The increase of voltage and maximum power density from phase I to phase IV indicated that caffeine could be converted to electrons by the anaerobes for electricity production.
  • Publication
    Hybrid system of photocatalytic fuel cell and Fenton process for electricity generation and degradation of Reactive Black 5
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Noradiba Nordin
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Abdul Haqi Ibrahim
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Lee Sin Li
    ;
    Oon Yoong Sin
    ;
    Oon Yoong Ling
    A novel hybrid system composed of a photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) and Fenton reactor was developed with the aim to degrade the azo dye Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and generate electricity. Compared to previously established system of bioelectro-Fenton system, microbial fuel cell (MFC) system has significant challenge in the development and operation system. Therefore, PFC is used instead of MFC to generate electrons for the Fenton system. The effect of azo dye (RB5) on each PFC and Fenton reactor was investigated. The experimental results showed that maximum power output was achieved in the absence of dye in the Fenton reactor of this hybrid system. Furthermore, higher degradation efficiency of RB5 could also be observed in the PFC reactor in this hybrid system.
  • Publication
    Simultaneous heavy metal reduction and voltage generation with synergy membrane-less microbial fuel cell
    ( 2020-04-06)
    Chan K.K.
    ;
    Thung W.E.
    ;
    Ong Soon An
    ;
    Ho Li Ngee
    ;
    Wong Yee Shian
    ;
    Yin E.C.R.
    Metal contaminated wastewater effluent from industries has caused several environmental problems and public health due to its toxicity. Conventional heavy metal reduction processes are neither economical nor environmentally friendly. A synergy economical single chamber up-flow membrane-less microbial fuel cell (UFML-MFC) was fabricated to study the feasibility of heavy metal reduction and voltage generation. Cu (II) was used as electron acceptor to explore the mechanism of metal treatment in UFML-MFC. The performances of the UFML-MFC were investigated with 0 mg/L, 5 mg/L and 10 mg/L concentration of Cu (II) in terms of voltage output, chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction and Cu (II) reduction efficiency and electrode spacing distance. UFML-MFC used carbon felt as anode and cathode material where anode region was filled with 0.2 cm of gravels at anode region. Overall performance deteriorated with increased initial concentration of Cu (II). Voltage generation decreased from 71 mV to 11.1 mV. COD reduction decreased from 56% to 36%. Moreover, the Cu (II) reduction efficiency was reduced from 87.56% to 36.98%. These results showed that the increased concentration of the Cu (II) could potentially reduce the microbial activities. However, UFML-MFC showed that the shorter distance of electrode spacing (anode and cathode) could enhanced the voltage output. These results showed the great ability of integrating UFML-MFC for heavy metal reduction.