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  • Publication
    Frequency dependent electrical properties of ferroelectric Ba₀.₈Sr₀.₂TiO₃ thin film
    ( 1970)
    Ala’eddin A. SAIF
    ;
    Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal
    ;
    Zaliman Sauli
    ;
    Prabakaran A/L Poopalan
    The frequency dependent electrical parameters, such as impedance, electric modulus, dielectric constant and AC conductivity for ferroelectric Ba₀.₈Sr₀.₂TiO₃ thin film have been investigated within the range of 1 Hz and 106 Hz at room temperature. Z* plane shows two regions corresponding to the bulk mechanism and the distribution of the grain boundaries-electrodes process. M" versus frequency plot reveals a relaxation peak, which is not observed in the ε″ plot and it has been found that this peak is a non-Debye-type. The frequency dependent conductivity plot shows three regions of conduction processes, i. e., a low-frequency region due to DC conduction, a mid-frequency region due to translational hopping motions and a high-frequency region due to localized hopping and/or reorientational motion.http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ms.17.2.490
  • Publication
    Monitoring of milk quality with disposable taste sensor
    ( 2003)
    Maxsim Sim
    ;
    Teo Jau Shya
    ;
    Mohd Noor Ahmad
    ;
    Ali Yeon Md Shakaff
    ;
    Abdul Othman
    ;
    Muhammad Hitam
    A disposable screen-printed multi channel taste sensor composed of several types of lipid as transducers and a computer as data analyzer could detect taste in a manner similar to human gustatory sensation. The disposable taste sensor was used to measure the electrical potential resulted from the interaction between lipid membranes and taste substances. In the present study, two types of packaged commercial milk, the ultra high temperature (UHT) and the pasteurized milk were tested. It was found that the disposable taste sensor is capable to discriminate reliably between fresh and spoiled milk and to follow the deterioration of the milk quality when it is stored at room temperature based on a pattern recognition principle namely Principle Component Analysis (PCA). This research could provide a new monitoring method ideally for simple and cheap decentralized testing for controlling the quality of milk, which may be of great use in the dairy industries.
  • Publication
    A disposable sensor for assessing Artocarpus Heterophyllus L. (Jackfruit) maturity
    ( 2003)
    Maxsim Sim
    ;
    Mohd Noor Ahmad
    ;
    Ali Yeon Md Shakaff
    ;
    Chang Ju
    ;
    Chang Cheen
    The purpose of this work was an attempt to monitor the ripeness process and to investigate the different maturity stages of jackfruit by chemometric treatment of the data obtained from the disposable sensor. Response of the sensor strip fabricated using screen- printing technology was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the classification model constructed by means of Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) enable unknown maturity stages of jackfruit to be identified. Results generated from the combination of the two classification principles show the capability and the performance of the sensor strip towards jackfruit analysis.
  • Publication
    Feature extraction of trademark images using Geometric Invariant Moment and Zernike Moment - a comparison
    ( 2004)
    Puteh Saad
    ;
    Nursalasawati Rusli
    The qualities of features extracted determine the successfulness of any image related applications. This is particularly true especially when the natures of images are occluded and consist of various shapes and design styles, such as trademark images. In this study Geometric Invariant Moment and Zernike Moment techniques are utilized to extract sets of features from trademark images. The results obtained are analysed and compared in terms of intraclass invariance to various perturbations. It is found that a set of features produced by Zernike Moment technique is more robust when compared to features produced by Geometric Invariant Moment.
  • Publication
    Aplikasi Pemodulat Keamatan Elektro-Optik dalam Sistem Komunikasi Optik
    ( 2004)
    Sabarina Ismail
    Tumpuan kepada perlaksanaan projek ini ada/ah untuk menganalisa sifat pemodu/at keamatan e/ektro-optik Mach Zehnder yang mana sifat penghantaran optiknya dalam sistem komunikasi bo/eh dikawal oleh medan e/ektrik yang dibeka/kan. Kendalian peranti ini ada/ah berasaskan kesan e/ektro-optik linear (Pockets) yang biasa dan lithium niobate (LiNbO) diambil kira sebagai bahan peranti kerana ia memungkinkan kecekapan yang tinggi bagi aplikasi seperti kawalan pemodulatan dan pensuisan. Medan Elektrik akan memodulat cahaya optik dari laser dengan mengubah keamatan cahaya optik ke/uaran. Projek inijuga memfokuskan kepada penganalisaaan terhadap kesan medan e/ektrik e/ektrod ke atas ciri-ciri fasa ge/ombang, kuasa pemacu optima yang diperlukan o/eh pemodulat tersebut dengan menetapkan beberapa parameter peranti tersebut. Bagi menganalisis kesan e/ektro-optik, pengiraan matematik dibuat menggunakan perisian simulasi MATLAB dan BPM_CAD (Beam Propagation Method). Perubahan fasa cahaya mempengaruhi keamatan ke/uaran cahaya berdasarkan nilai (V,) volt an separuh gelombang peranti pemodulat yang dipero/ehi.
  • Publication
    An Undergraduate Micro Fabrication Course at the Northern Malaysia University College of Engineering
    ( 2004)
    Uda Hashim
    ;
    Zul Azhar Zahid Jamal
    This paper presents the development of a new course conducted by the School of Microelectronic Engineering at the Northern Malaysia University College of Engineering or Kolej Universiti Kejuruteraan Utara Malaysia (KUKUM) in the area of microfabrication. Two related courses offered by the School are namely, semiconductor process technology and microelectronic fabrication. The course consists of a lecture and laboratory component. It is a new approach, as compared to the conventional undergraduate program, which is designed with 60% of the students' contact time, is dedicated to laboratory and workshop work, while the other 40% is for lectures. Therefore, a new 115m2 c/eanroom was developed and equipped with all basic tools that is necessary to fabricate and test microelectronic devices. The setup is mainly to expose the student with actual c/eanroom operation environment. The course content and the format of the courses are presented. The detailof the synopsis and the list of custom designed experiment for both courses are a/so provided. Such curriculum developed and offered by KUKUM is geared towards promoting the National Industrial Master Plan, especially in the semiconductor industry
  • Publication
    Effects of Appliances to Voltage, Current, Power Factor and Harmonic Distortion
    ( 2004)
    Mohd Fayzul Mohammed
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Ismail Daut
    ;
    Soib Taib
    ;
    Shuhaimi Zakaria
    ;
    Kamsani Abdul Majid
    Power utility always get blame if there are power interruption occurred in residential areas. Many of the residential customers are unaware, that is electrical appliance itself one of the reason that contribute to power quality problem. Effects of appliances a/so can harm other sensitive equipment as we/las electrical distribution system. This paper studies the effects of the appliances to power quality. Appliances that are used in the study are personal computer, fluorescent light, iron, LCD monitor, motor & driver, television, hand drill, laptop and jig saw. Waveform of the phase voltage and current, power components, and distortion of voltage and current for all appliances have been recorded and analyzed using Reliable Power Meter. In this paper concepts of power factor and effects of harmonics are reviewed. Subsequently voltage and current waveform, voltage total harmonic distortion, current total harmonic distortion and power factor are analyzed and discussed.
  • Publication
    Microstructure, Properties and Fracture Mechanism of AI 2014 Reinforced with Alumina Particles
    ( 2004)
    Mazlee Mohd Noor
    ;
    Shamsul Baharin Jamaludin
    The studies of microstructure, properties and fracture mechanism have been conducted on AI 2014 matrix alloy reinforced with 10 volume percent (Composite 1) and 15 volume percent (Composite 2) of alumina (A/20 3) particles respectively Microstructure observation of the composite specimens was focused on the distribution of alumina reinforcement particles in different orientations. It was found that Composite 1 showed a more evenly distributed particles compared to that of Composite 2. The measurement of sonic modulus was carried out by using GrindoSonic MK5 Industria/Instrument. All the sonic modulus properties (flexural, longitudinal and torsional moduli) of Composite 2 were found to be higher than Composite 1. The testing of impact strength was done by means of Charpy impact test (V-notched specimen). It has found that the impact strength of Composite 1 (5.42 J) was higher as compared to Composite 2 (4.07 J). The fracture surfaces after impact test for the composite samples were investigated by using scanning electron microscopy in order to characterise the fracture mechanism of the composites. The fracture mechanism of Composite 1 was indicated by matrix ductile rupture and decohesion of particle-matrix interface, whereas matrix brittle rupture by particle fracture was found in Composite 2.
  • Publication
    Labview™ for Nutra-Biostrip in Herbal Quality Assessment
    ( 2004)
    Mohd Noor Ahmad
    ;
    Maxsim Yap Mee Sim
    ;
    Mohd Kamal Mohamed Ramly Nil
    ;
    Ali Yeon Md Shakaff
    ;
    Chang Chew Cheen
    In this work, we introduce the approach on the development of a stand-alone laptop based data acquisition of an array sensor system, namely Nutra-BioStrip coupled with pattern recognition algorithm for herbal quality assessment. The array sensor system control program, developed in Lab View 6. 1 programming languages allow data acquired from the array sensor to be analyzed by means of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and displayed in the form of an interactive twodimensional cluster mapping with detail statistical analysis results for rapid and real-time herbal quality assessment.
  • Publication
    Analysis of Bulk Second-Order Ferroelectric Switching in Oscillatory Dynamical System
    ( 2004)
    Mohamad Nazri Abdul Halif
    ;
    Junaidah Osman
    A detailed analysis of polarization reversal in bulk for second-order ferroelectric (FE) phase transition material in the framework of the Landau model is presented. We focus on the changes of polarization p and its switching current j with respect to time tin the presence of an external electric field E . By using the Landau-Khalatnikov (L-K) equation of motion, the dynamics of the FE material based on the oscillatory system is assumed. The changes in polarization and switching with respect to the different value of and temperature are ~ analyzed via numerical results.
  • Publication
    Reka bentuk sistem Elektro-Pneumatik pendekatan perisian simulasi berasaskan animasi
    ( 2004)
    Zol Bahri Razali
    Penyelidikan ini bertujuan menyelesaikan masalah pembelajaran subjek Reka bentuk Sistem Elektro-Pneumatik dengan menggunakan pendekatan Perisian Simulasi Berasaskan Animasi (ABSC). Masalah utama subjek ini ialah kesukaran pelajar memahami teori pergerakan komponenkomponen dalaman dalam Sistem Elektro-Pneumatik. lni kerana ketiadaan a/at bantu mengajar yang dapat menunjukkan pergerakan dalaman tersebut. Dalam penyelidikan, perisian simulasi telah dibangunkan secara merujuk segala teori-teori pembelajaran. Perisian simulasi yang dibangunkan telah mengeksploitasi e/emen animasi dan multimedia interaktif telah memaparkan dengan jelas segala pergerakan komponen~komponen tersebut, malah ciri interaktif perisian membolehkan pelajar berinteraksi dengan berkesan. Pencapaian pelajar secara ujian pra dan pasca telah dibandingkan bagi kaedah pembelajaran konvensional dengan kaedah ABSC. Keputusan daripada Ana/isis Varian (ANOVA) melalui Ujian-t menunjukkan terdapat perbezaan yang nyata dalam peningkatan skor setelah pelajar menggunakan perisian. Sebagai kesimpulan, penggunaan ABSC dapat membantu pelajar memahami konsep yang betul bagi Reka bentuk Sistem Elektro~Pneumatik serta menguasai Pembe/ajaran Berasaskan Masa/ah (PBL), seterusnya memperoleh pencapaian akademik yang lebih baik.
  • Publication
    A new approach for Face Recognition based on Iris detection
    ( 2004)
    Mohamed Rizon
    I propose a system to identify the unknown person in a face image for which the position, scale and image-plane rotation of the face are unknown. The proposed system detects the iris of both eyes and normalizes the position, scale and image-plane rotation of the face using iris positions. The algorithm measures the degree of matching bet/en the image and the face template of each person using normalized cross-correlation value. Recognition of a person is done using the highest degree of matching. The execution time of the recognition is 0. 66 [seconds] with Pentium IV, 2. BGHz.
  • Publication
    Digital Signal Processing Solutions for Motor Control using the TMS320F240 DSP-Controller
    ( 2004)
    Jimirafizi Jamil
    ;
    Ismail Daut
    ;
    Tunku Muhammad Nizar Tunku Mansur
    ;
    Shuib Taib
    This paper presents a Digital Signal Processing (DSP)solutions in digital motor control applications. Digital Signal Processing (DSP) technology is enabling cost effective and energy efficient control system design. The performance of a DSP architecture allows an intelligent approach to reduce the complete system costs of digital motion control applications using cheaper electrical motors, fewer sensors and smaller size of EM/ filters.
  • Publication
    Single-Electron Transistors (SET): literature review
    ( 2005)
    Amiza Rasmi
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    Single-electron transistor (SET) is a key element in our research field where device operation is based on one-by-one electron through the channel utilizing the Coulomb blockade effect. The SET are often discussed as elements of nanometer scale because SET can be made very small and can detect the motion of individual electrons. However, SET has low voltage gain, high input impedances, and sensitive to random background charges. This makes it unlikely that SET would ever replace field-effect transistor (FET) in applications where large voltage gain or low output impedance is necessary. In this paper, we provide an overview of research developments of SET The theoretical study of single electronics include orthodox theory, coulomb blockade, tunneling effects, and Kondo effect are discussed. On the other hand, the methods for modeling and simulation single-electron circuit are reviewed.
  • Publication
    Penggunaan kaedah Kolorimetri pembentukan kompleks kuprum-sabun dalam penentuan kandungan asid lemak bebas bagi minyak kelapa sawit
    ( 2005)
    Suhardy Daud
    ;
    Farizul Hafiz Kasim
    ;
    Saiful Azhar Saad
    ;
    Mustaffa Nawawf
    ;
    Kee Szi Loof
    Kandungan asid lemak bebas merupakan sa/ah satu aspek yang sangat penting dalam mengenalpasti kualiti sesuatu minyak kelapa sawit. Kaedah yang /azim digunakan bagi penentuan kandungan asid /emak bebas dalam minyak kelapa sawit ialah kaedah titratan dengan larutan natrium hidroksida. Bagaimanapun, kaedah ini memakan masa yang panjang dan sukar dilakukan. Melalui kajian ini, suatu kaedah kolorimetri yang ringkas dan cepat telah dibangunkan bagi menentukan kandungan asid /emak bebas dalam minyak kelapa sawit. Kaedah ini berdasarkan kepada pembentukan kompleks kuprum-sabun selepas asid-asid /emak bebas bertindak balas dengan /arutan kuprum asetat. Tiga sampel minyak kelapa sawit telah ditentukan kandungan asid /emak bebas mela/ui kaedah kolorimetri dan titratan. Bagi kaedah kolorimetri, kandungan asid lemak bebas dalam sampel-sampel tersebut ialah 1.93%, 0. 77% dan 0.16% wlw. Menggunakan kaedah titratan pula, kandungannya ialah 2.09%, 0. 73% dan 0.16% w/w. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kaedah kolorimetri sesuai digunakan bagi penentuan kandungan £!Sid lemak bebas dalam minyak kelapa sawit dengan /ebih mudah dan cepat berbanding kaedah titratan
  • Publication
    Artificial intelligence techniques In IC chip marking inspection
    ( 2005)
    M. Karthigayan
    ;
    R. Nagarajan
    ;
    Sazali Yaacob
    ;
    Paulraj Pandian
    ;
    Mohamed Rizon
    In this paper, an industrial machine vision system incorporating Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is employed to inspect the marking on the Integrated Circuit (/C) Chips. This inspection is carried out while the /Cs are coming out from the manufacturing line. A TSSOP-DGG type of /C package from Texas Instrument is used in this investigation. The /C chips markings are laser printed. This inspection system tests are laser printed marking on IC chips and are according to the specifications. Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques are used in this inspection. AI techniques utilized are neural network and fuzzy logic. The inspection is carried out to find the print errors; such as illegible character, upside down print and missing characters. The vision inspection of the printed markings on the /C chip is carried out in three phases, namely, image preprocessing, feature extraction and classification. MATLAB platform and its toolboxes are used for designing the inspection processing technique. The percentage of accuracy of the classification is found to be between 97%- 100%
  • Publication
    Sistem K-Kedatangan di kampus teragih
    ( 2005)
    Kamarudin Hussin
    ;
    Nasrudin Abd Shukor
    ;
    Nor Shubaily Kamis
    ;
    Mohd Noorulfakhri Yaacob
    K-Kedatangan merupakan sistem yang digunakan untuk merekod kehadiran kakitangan di kampus KUKUM. Sistem ini menggunakan teknologi kad pintar yang menggabungkan dua sistem utama iaitu lUS-Staf dan NPower. Sistem K-Kedatangan ini mempunyai dua sub sistem iaitu sistem enjin K-Kedatangan dan sistem paparan web K-Kedatangan yang berfungsi serentak supaya dapat beroperasi dengan lancar. Enjin K-Kedatangan berfungsi sebagai sistem yang mengemaskini data yang diperlukan daripada rutin mengimbas kad pintar oleh pengguna. Paparan web K-Kedatangan berfungsi untuk membolehkan setiap kakitangan menyemak status kehadiran melalui portal KUKUM.
  • Publication
    Effect of reinforcement particle size on the properties of dispersion strengthened AI-SiC composite
    ( 2005)
    Zuhailawati Hussain
    ;
    Norshihana Hamzah
    The effect of reinforcement silicon carbide particle size on Al-20vol% SiC composite fabricated via powder metallurgy route has been investigated. Composite powders consist of alumina and silicon carbide of different particle sizes (i.e. 3. 7pm, 12.5pm, 17.5pm and 50pm) were mixed for 2 Y2 hours in a tumbler mill. Compacts were obtained by cold pressing the composite powder at 200 MPa and sintering in argon atmosphere at 600°C for 5 hours. Results showed that size of silicon carbide powder has a considerable effect on the composite properties. As a conclusion, the use of finer silicon carbide powder has increase the density, hardness, modulus of rupture and electrical resistivity of the composite.
  • Publication
    Ferroelectric research: the basic fundamental understanding
    ( 2005)
    Mohamad Nazri Abdul Halif
    This paper gives an overview of the basic theoretical aspect of ferroelectric materials. The basic theoretical concepts are described from the Landau free-energy density F in the first and second-order ferroelectric phase transitions in terms of free-energy expansion curves, hysteresis loop, and polarization reversal.
  • Publication
    The design of a Biochamber for micropropagation of Banana tissue culture plants and controlling the biochamber process using Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)
    ( 2005)
    Muhamad Hatta Hussain
    ;
    Ismail Daut
    ;
    Norlida Buniyamin
    ;
    Zainuddin Mohamad
    ;
    Norzulaani Khalid
    Biochamber of banana tissue culture is one of the technology for plant propagation that using the Aeroponics System. The aeroponics method is applied because it requires sterile environment. The project is done in order to control the environment for the banana tissue culture propagation using a biochamber. It consists of researching the banana tissue culture propagation and the aeroponics method, surveying and analyzing the hardware requirement such as pump, valve, nozzle, Reverse Osmosis System, sensors and Laminar Flow Cabinet. The process is controlled by using the Programmable Logic Controller (PLC).