International Journal of Nanoelectronics and Materials (IJNeaM)
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IJNeaM aims to publish original work of importance in the fields of nanoscience and engineering. Topics covered including Theoretical, Simulation, Synthesis, Design and Fabrication of Nanomaterials and Nanodevices; Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors with a focus on Electronic, Structural, Magnetic, Optical, Thermal, Transport, Mechanical and other properties for the specialists in Engineering, Chemistry, Physics and Materials Science. IJNeaM accepts submission in the form of Reviews, Research Articles, Short Communications, and selected conference papers.
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Publication2D-Modelling for the simulation of current-voltage characteristics in polysilicon schottky diode deposited by LPCVD and SAPCVD methods.( 2009-01)
;Nadia Benseddik ;Mohammed Amrani ;Zineb BenamaraTayeb Mohammed-BrahimThe aim of this work is to compare the quality of the Schottky contact obtained between Silver and the un-doped polysilicon layer deposited on glass substrate (Corning 1737) by using two techniques: Lower Pressure Chemical Vapor deposition LPCVD (LPCVD sample) and Sub Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition SAPCVD (SAPCVD sample). A non ideal measured foward bias I-V characteristic has been observed. The elctrical parameters are evaluated such as ideality factor (4.94 and 6.46), barrier height (0.57 eV and 0.50 eV), saturation current (6.74x10ˉ³ mA and 2.14x10ˉ² mA) and series resistance (960Ω and 2300Ω), respectively on LPCVD and SAPCVD samples. Two-dimensional (2D) model of I-V characteristics taking into account the localization of traps states in the grain boundaries is developed. We are also considered the U-distribution of traps states in the band gap. A good adjustment is obtained between measurement and simulation of I-V characteristics and gives the energetic traps states distribution. The comparison of the performance of the two polysilicon layer deposition techniques has been analyzed and discussed. The experimental current curves are well fitted by this model which gives the energetic traps states distribution in the band gap. A good quality polycrystalline can be obtained using LPCVD technique but it is possible to deposit films with SAPCVD technique which it may be interesting candidate for the fabrication of solar cell. -
PublicationA comparative study of quantum gates and classical logic gates implemented using Solid-State Double-Gate Nano-MOSFETs( 2016-07)
;Ooi Chek YeeLim Soo KingThe purpose of this paper is to compare the operations of silicon-based solid-state quantum computer with classical logic gate made of double-gate (DG) nano-MOSFETs. Quantum gates, such as quantum NOT gate, controlled-NOT (CNOT) and quantum register are studied. On the other hand, classical computer gates, such as NOT gate, NOR gate, NAND gate, XOR gate and XNOR gate are described. Silicon-based solid-state quantum computer operates well at extremely low cryogenic temperature (77K) as shown by oscillation of electron density profiles of the silicon-based nanodevices. Unitary matrix which specifies a valid quantum gate is proven in this study. The intrinsic delay of the classical NOT gate is calculated from simulation output data and the current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of the DG nano-MOSFET, which is used to construct the NOT gate, is plotted and studied. The motivation of this study is to investigate ways to implement quantum computer with silicon-based DG nano-MOSFET implanted with phosphorus donor atoms. -
PublicationA review of the effect of different electrolytes on the synthesis of graphene sheets by electrochemical exfoliation( 2024-04)
;S. S. BhullarGraphene oxide (GO) possess some excellent properties that fulfil various applications. Hummers’ method has been used in GO synthesis for years but some issues such as high-cost GO synthesis, the use of toxic chemicals and low yield of GO are still remains and concerned. In addition, this method spends very long time to be completed and subjected to thorough cleaning process to remove toxic chemicals. On the other hand, the electrochemical method saves time, has no explosion risk, releases no toxic gases, and keep safe environmental. The demand of GO supply is crucial particularly important in applications such as energy storage in automobiles thus, a large scale and cheap production of GO is needed. It is reported that the electrochemical synthesis of GO has more benefits such as rapid synthesis, low cost and environmentally friendly than Hummers’ method, therefore, the impact of different electrolytes is important to be studied. Herein, various research works about the electrochemical synthesis of GO are reviewed, precisely involving the anodic exfoliation of graphite, exfoliation mechanism and effects of exfoliation parameters. -
PublicationA review: synthesis and mechanism of growth of the carbon nanotubes (CNTs) – graphene hybrid material and its application as electrodes( 2023-07)
;MishthafiyatillahThe CNTs–graphene hybrids have many advantages and potential for use in a wide range of electronic applications as electrodes. The CNTs–graphene hybrid structure outperforms the structure of each material in terms of characteristics and performance. There are several methods to grow CNTs. This paper reviews the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method used to synthesize CNTs–graphene hybrid material. This paper discusses the processes and growth parameters of the synthesis of the CNTs-graphene hybrid. This paper also discusses the growth mechanism and kinetics of CNTs. In addition, the potential and performance of CNTs–Graphene hybrid material as electrodes in batteries are also reviewed. -
PublicationAnalysis of flip flop design using nanoelectronic single electron transistor( 2017-01)
;S. RajasekaranG. SundariSingle Electron Transistor (SET) is a nanoelectronic device that operates under the controlled mode of tunnelled individual electrons. In this paper, a comparative analysis was performed employing SET based D-Flip flop with conventional logic D-flip flop. SET is eminent nanoscale devices that have low power dissipation, high speed and performance. The flip flop design was simulated using SIMON simulator and the stability of its operation was analysed applying the Monte-Carlo method that represented stability with low power dissipation and matched the functionality of traditional CMOS devices. -
PublicationAnalytical modeling of energy quantization effects in nanoscale MOSFETS( 2012-01)
;Amit ChaudhryJatindra Nath RoyIn this paper, we have studied and developed an analytical model for the inversion layer quantization in nano-metal oxide semiconductor field effect oxide (MOSFET) using the variation approach. Explicit surface potential solutions have been used in the model to accurately model the inversion layer quantization. Capacitance/voltage and Drain voltage/current models in ultra thin oxide MOSFETs have been using charge sheet approximation. Drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and mobility reduction effects are included in the model developed and hence extended to nanometer scale. Results predict that the inversion layer quantization results in a reduction in drain current and degradation of gate capacitance. The results match closely with the BSIM 5 models proving the accuracy of the model. -
PublicationAnalytical study of ion –selective electrodes using nanoparticulate ZnO( 2015-07)
;Khalaf F. Al-Samarrai ;Omar H. Al-ObeidMahmood S. Al-DooriZinc Oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared from raw materials via a microwaveassisted method. The ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). NPs were approximately 22.5 nm in size, as calculated using the Scherrer formula from the most intense XRD peak. The ZnO NPs were compared with ZnO microparticles (MPs) through thermal analysis (thermogravimetry TG, derivative thermogravimetry DTG, and differential thermal analysis DTA). A Zn2+-selective electrode based on polyvinyl chloride was prepared using ZnO NP powder and di-butyl phthalate, and then the analytical specifications of the ZnO NP and ZnO MP electrodes were compared. The ZnO NPs and ZnO MPs electrodes respectively had linear ranges of 10−2– 10−5 and 10−2–10−4 M, Nernstain slopes of 28.71 and 27.79 mV/decade, correlation coefficients of 0.999 and 0.999, detection limits of 1.371 × 10−7 and 2.513 × 10−6 M, quantitative limits of 4.569 × 10−7 and 8.383 × 10−6 M, and response times of 9–39 and 13– 36 s respectively. The lifetime of each electrode was 11 day. The optimum conditions for each electrode were pH 5–8, 25–30 °C temperature, and 10−3 M filling solution concentration. The selectivity of the electrodes was measured in different solutions, and results showed that the selectivity coefficient values for all interference ions were less than one. -
PublicationAnnealing effects on opto-electronic properties of Ag₂O films growth using thermal evaporation techniques( 2016-01)Makram A. FakhriHigh quality transparent conductive silver oxide (Ag₂O) nanocrystals thin films were prepared successfully using thermal evaporation method using pure Ag metal, followed by Oxidation process under two different oxidation temperature. Optical properties show high transparency of about 70% and decrease to 55 % at lower oxidation temperature . Optical band gab of prepared film at optimum condition is about 2.88 and 2.92 eV. Surface morphology measured using AFM give a triangle like structure with average roughness of (2.65 nm). The X-ray diffraction insures the formation of polycrystalline silver oxide nanostructure thin film.
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PublicationAnnealing temperature effect on TeO₂ thin films for optical detection devices( 2023-04)
;Ghadeer A. Moh ;Suad M. KadhimHiba H. AbdullahPhysical vapor deposition method was used for the preparation of nanostructured TeO₂. Different morphologies of TeO₂ are synthesized using a physical evaporation method with Te powder as the source material and quartz SiO₂ as the growth substrates. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and ultravioletvisible (UV–Vis) analyses are used to characterize the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the TeO₂ products obtained. By varying the annealing temperature, different morphology of TeO₂ structuresis investigated. TeO₂ nanostructure progress is initiated by the crystallization of particles. Different temperatures have different effects on structures, which are discussed. The films as deposited nature was amorphous; crystallization occurred at a higher annealing temperature (175°C). With an increase in annealing temperature, the TeO₂ films grain size increased. The research also points to the impact of post-deposition thermal annealing temperatures in excess of 100 °C in enhancing TeO₂ film characteristics. -
PublicationAnodic synthesis of highly ordered TiO₂ nanotube arrays- role of electrolyte composition on the structural, morphological, optical, and photo-electrochemical properties( 2023-04)
;Hawraa Sabah Hreo ;Asla Abdullah Al-ZahraniImam Abdulrahman Bin FaisalThe fluoride species present in two different anodizing electrolytes were used to produce TiO₂ nanotube arrays (TiOv NTAs) by simultaneous anodic reaction and chemical dissolution. In this investigation, two different electrolytes were used for the preparation; [Eth-TiO₂ NAs: 95 ml ethylene glycol+0.5% NH4F+5 ml DI water] and [Gly-TiO₂ NAs: 75 ml glycerine+0.5% NH4F+25 ml DI water]. The effects of the prepared electrolytes used in the synthesis of TiO₂ nanotube arrays on structural element composition, morphology, and optical properties are the focus of this study and are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy field emission (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and UV-vis diffusion reflection spectroscopy (DRS), respectively. The photoelectrochemical properties of TiO₂ NTAs prepared in different electrolytes were investigated. The photoelectrochemical performance of TiO₂ NTAs in Na2SO3 (0.1 M) and Na2S (0.1) was examined under the light of 100 mW/cm2 from a xenon lamp. Comparing the photoelectrochemical (PEC) results of both electrolytes, we find that Eth-TiO₂ NTAs contribute a wide surface area resulting in an enhanced PEC response. TiO₂ NTs, which were prepared with Eth-TiO₂ NTAs, exhibited the highest photocurrent density, 0.326 mA cm–2, and photoconversion efficiency (0.22%). -
PublicationApplication of synopsys' taurus TCAD in developing CMOS fabrication process modules( 2009-01)
;Chin Seng FattS. SakraniTechnology CAD (TCAD) refers to the use of computer simulation to model semiconductor processing and devics operation. TCAD has two major functions namely process simulation and device simulation. It performs the semiconductor process simulation and the device simulation by taking the description of the transistor layout input to stimulate the fabrication process and device behavior before the actual silicon is made. this paper illustrates the use of Synopsys' Taurus TCAD to develop and stimulate the fabrication and electrical behavior of NMOS and PMOS transistors in the complete CMOS process flow. Illustration also include how mask information extracted from a layout by Taurus Layout is used by TSUPREM-4 to produce an output file containing complete structure, mesh and doping information that can be read into MEDICI device simulator to extract electrical characteristics. The specified process includes, not only steps required to stimulate a MOSFET device, but also all steps of the hypothetical CMOS process. -
PublicationAsam Gelugur-based carbon aerogels for highly recyclable oil adsorption( 2023-07)
;Cheong Yi Xin ;Monisha Devi Elan SolanRapid development of the oil industries and improper oil management causeda huge amount of oil pollutant released into the water environment. Oil pollutant is toxic and may harm aquatic biodiversity. The present work highlights the facile preparation of carbon aerogels basedfromAsam Gelugur (CA@Ga) for oil remediation from aqueous. Analysis on the structure of CA@Gausing Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), confirmed the successful preparation of CA@Ga through hydrothermal carbonization. The main parameters affecting the adsorption of oil such as the sorption time, pH and mass of sorbent were screened and oil adsorption studies revealed that the optimum conditions were at contact time of 3 minutes, pH of solution at 7 and the adsorbent mass of 2 g with the highest adsorption capacity of 0.82 +0.01 g/g.CA@Ga displayed a good stability towards thermal treatment and exhibited good adsorption ability towards several types of oil. Recyclability study depicts that CA@Ga could be regenerated by simple physical treatments and retaineda high sorption after 10 cycles with adsorption capacity of 0.80 +0.01 g/g. Therefore, the prepared CA@Ga has potential in application of oil recovery and environmental protection -
PublicationAspirin adsorption on multiwalled carbon nanotubes and its release characteristics in simulated body fluid( 2014-01)
;Siti Hajar Alias ;Nor Aziah Buang ;Alias Mohd YusofMohd Lokman IbrahimCarbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been proposed and actively explored as innovative carriers for drug delivery applications. The functionalization of carbon nanotubes can improve substantially their dispersability and biocompatibility profile, thus offering the potential exploitation of carbon nanotubes in drug administration. In this study, the multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were functionalized using concentrated nitric acid (68%) and supfuric acid (98%) in the ration 3:1 volume per volume by sonication techniques and were characterized using various characterization instruments. The generation of carboxylic groups was proven by FT-IR spectroscopy. In addition, the loading of aspirin (ASA) drug onto functionalized MWCNTs was done by sonication technique at different concentration of ASA drug solutions and at different sonication time. The presence of ASA attached onto functionalized MWCNTs was determined by FT-IR spectroscopy. The results from UV-Vis Spectrophtometer gave the percentage of ASA loading onto functionalized MWCNTs with the amount of 77.64% (77.64 mg) at 30 000 ppm for 5 hours sonication. From the release study of ASA in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF) at 37ºC (human body temperature) and 39ºC (fever temperature), the results show a fast release of ASA from ASA-f-MWCNTs composite for the first 5 hours compared to the commercialized aspirin tablets and followed by a controlled release at the following hours. It reveals that MWCNTs have the ability to improve the pharmacokinetics of ASA in the biomedical applications, thus it can be used to improve the drug delivery system. -
PublicationBand structure and optical properties of some quasi-molecular AI₃ (A=Sb, Bi, As)( 2010-07)
;Husnu KocAmirullah M. MamedovWe perform first principles density functional pseudopotential calculation for the description of band structure ans optical responses a prototypical family of quasi-molecular layered solid of the type Al₃ where A = Sb, Bi and As. Our report on calculation of the anisotropic frequency-dependent optical properties and density of states of these compounds and find excellent agreement with the available experimental data. The optical properties show to main structures that can attributed to transitions between the np-orbitals of A3+ -cations and 5²2 5p⁵ orbitals of I- -anions. -
PublicationBiosynthesis of (ZnO–Aloe vera) nanocomposites and antibacterial/antifungal studies( 2016-01)
;A. Ayeshamariam ;M. Kashif ;V. S. Vidhya ;M. G. V. Sankaracharyulu ;V. Swaminathan ;M. BououdinaM. JayachandranDevelopment of disease treatment and preventive measures to avoid any dangerous outbreak of epidemic proportions are important. Modern methods of detection and treatment include tissue culture, nanotechnology, radiation, and laser technology. We report the synthesis of nanocrystalline materials by combustion method with the use of Aloe vera extract powder. Addition of ZnO changes the structural and optical properties of A. vera. The as-prepared nanocrystalline ZnO (ZnO + A. vera) powders were characterized using XRD, TEM, and SEM. Antibacterial and antifungal tests show that ZnO nanoparticles mixed with A. vera are effective in inhibiting bacterial growth. -
PublicationCharacterization and optical studies of pure and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles( 2013-01)
;Shashi B. Rana ;Amarpal SinghSatbir SinghIn the present work, a direct precipitation method using wet chemical reaction was used to synthesize pure and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles. The zinc nitrate and sodium hydroxide were used as staring materials or precursors to precipitate the desired pure ZnO nanoparticles followed by calcinations at 500ºC. For the preparation of Sb doped nanoparticles stoichiometric amaount of respectively metal nitrate was dissolved in the zinc nitrate solution before precipitation. The phase purity and crystalline size of pure and Sb doped ZnO particles were characterized via X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction results indicated that the synthesized ZnO powders had a pure single phase wurtzite structure. The average particles sizes of pure ZnO was found to be 32 nm and average particles size for Sb doped ZnO was found to be in the range of 19-28 nm according to XRD measurements. Incorporation of dopant Sb influenced the particle size of the ZnO nanoparticles. Photoluminescence spectra of commercial and Sb doped ZnO were plotted for different composition (1%, 3%, 5%) of doped Sb, showed that there was increase in intensity for Sb doped ZnO (1%, 3% Sb) nanoparticles and decrease in intensity for 5% Sb doping. Finally UV-Vis spectra of pure synthesized ZnO and Sb doped ZnO nanoparticles showed blue shift in wavelength with respect to bulk value due to quantum confinement effect. -
PublicationCharacterization of Manganese doped Y-TZP for biomedical applications( 2015-07)
;Meenaloshini S. ;Yeo Wee Sing ;Mohsen GDinesh R.The densification behaviour and mechanical properties of manganese oxide doped yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (MnO2-doped Y-TZP) were studied. Green samples containing varying amounts of MnO2 (0.05 to 1 wt%) were prepared using the wet colloidal technique. A pressure less sintering technique was used to sinter the specimens at temperatures varying between 1150°C to 1600°C. Sintered bodies were characterized to determine the bulk density, tetragonal content, Young’s Modulus, hardness and fracture toughness. The results showed that the sintered bulk density and Young’s Modulus was enhanced by the addition of up to 0.1 wt% MnO2. On the other hand, fracture toughness of the material was further improved and more prominent for dopant addition of up to 0.3 wt% but for the 0.5 wt% addition of MnO2, an initial decrease in trend was observed, which after a sintering temperature of 1350°C, a drastic increase in properties was observed. As for the hardness of the material, addition of all wt% of dopant exhibited an improvement up to a sintering temperature of 1400°C. In addition to that, hydrothermal ageing - induced phase transformation of Y-TZP sintered at 1300°C for samples containing 0.5 and 1.0 wt% of MnO2 was suppressed. -
PublicationComparative simulation of different nanoparticles concentration using a rectangular heat transfer mirco tube( 2012-07)
;Fayadh M. Abed Al DulaimyGhazi-Yousif-Mohamed Al ShaheryTwo nanofluids of -Al2O3 and Diamond with water base fluid used in rectangular micro channel heat exchanger with heat flux exposed from the bottom side. CFD Fluent is used for the flow calculations. For both nanofluids with grain size of less than 50 nm and concentrations of particles materials 1-5% is used. The Thermal conductivity, heat transfer coefficients, friction factor, pumping power, and pressure drop calculated for the flow ranging from 500 to 2000 Reynold number . The maximum Temperature attains in the channel at 60 oC for the heat flux of 100 w/cm2 for diamond nanofluid and 80 oC for - Al2O3 nanofluid. The temperature reached above 100 OC for a heat flux of 200 w/cm2 for both nanofluids. -
PublicationComparative study and modeling of AlGaN-GaN Heterostructure HEMT and MOSHEMT biosensors( 2023-07)
;Abdellah Bouguenna ;Driss Bouguenna ;Amine Boudghene StambouliAasif Mohammad Bhat -
PublicationComprasion of the physical of the properties for CdS and CdS doped PVA thin films prepared by spray pyrolysis( 2013-01)Nathera Abass Ali Al-TememeeCadmium sulphide (CdS) and CdS doped with PVA semiconductor thin films were prepared by chemical pyrolysis technique. The thickness of the films was varied in the range (1.281, 1.367, 1.421, 1.485) μm and (1.722, 1.776, 1.873, 1.938) μm for CdS and PVA doped films respectively. This parameter has effected the physical properties of the specimens. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). XRD patterns were indicated the presence of hexagonal phase of CdS, and with the increase of film's thickness the grain size has increased. The optical absorption spectra showed that the CdS films have a direct band gap value (2.4-2.55) eV and (2.425-2.75) eV for doped samples with PVA.