The field of nanotechnology has revolutionized the architectural sector, particularly in the domain of preserving cultural heritage. The gradual deterioration and degradation of ancient and heritage buildings pose significant challenges for the conservation of our cultural legacy. This review aims to emphasize the crucial role of nanotechnology in extending the lifespan of archaeological materials and artefacts, which are essential components of our cultural heritage. Archaeology encompasses both theoretical and applied methods, with applied archaeology involving activities such as excavation, restoration, and monument conservation. These practices heavily rely on the integration of novel findings from various disciplines including physics, chemistry, and geology. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach within the realm of applied archaeology, offering innovative solutions for the preservation of organic and inorganic archaeological materials. This research focuses specifically on the applications of nanotechnology in conserving and restoring inorganic archaeological materials, particularly stone artefacts and buildings constructed from materials such as limestone or sandstone. By exploring the potential benefits and highlighting the significance of nanotechnology, this study seeks to underscore its role in safeguarding our cultural heritage and promoting sustainable construction practices.
