UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Publications 2020 by Title

Publication

1×4 Patch Array All-Textile Antenna for WLAN Applications

( 2020-09-28)

Mashaghba H.A.

;

Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin

;

Ping Jack Soh

;

Abdulmalek Mohamedfareq

;

Ismahayati Adam

;

Muzammil Jusoh

;

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Thennarasan Sabapathy

;

Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani

This paper proposes the design of 1×4 patch array all-Textile antenna for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) applications. The wearable antenna needs to have low profile and lightweight since such antenna is intended to operate in the vicinity of the human body. The key parameters are studied to determine their effects towards the performance of the antenna. The proposed design uses ShieldIt as the top radiator and ground plane, while fabric Felt is used as a substrate, sandwiched between the top radiator and ground plane.The obtained results show that there is improvement in the proposed array antenna in terms of gain enhancement and impedance bandwidth, maximum up to 143.6% and 19.08%, respectively, against single patch structure.

4 33

Publication

3D nanoporous hybrid nanoflower for enhanced non-faradaic redox-free electrochemical impedimetric biodetermination

( 2020-11-01)

Subramani I.G.

;

Perumal V.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Mohamed N.M.

;

Joshi N.

;

Ovinis M.

;

Sze L.L.

Recently, non-faradaic electrochemical impedimetric (nfEIS) has been identified as a dynamic and robust method for bio-determining. However, the success of a nfEIS approach largely depends on its sensing layer architecture. In this study, the use of a Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked copper (Cu) – bovine serum albumin (BSA) hybrid nanoflower with three-dimensional nanoporous architecture for the sensing layer was investigated. The nanoflower morphology changes were observed under FESEM, revealing loosely interlaced nanoflower into a tightly interlaced, highly porous structure upon GA crosslinking. This nanoflower was hybridized to immobilize aminated-DNA probe on the transducer surface and detect the target TB DNA in their natural redox-free environment. FTIR and XPS characterization showed distinct peaks at 950–1100 cm−1 (P-O, P=O bonds from nanoflower and DNA backbone) and 286.48 eV (interaction between BSA and aminated DNA), respectively, validating the successful DNA probe immobilization on the nanoflower surface. Furthermore, impedimetric sensing in a redox-free environment showed that the developed TB biosensor present has a detection limit (LOD) of 60 pM with a (linear) range from 1 pM to 1 µM with good reproducibility. This redox-free non-faradaic EIS offers excellent biosensing potential and may be extended for diagnosing other biomarkers in clinical practice.

18 6

Publication

5.8 GHz Circular Polarized Microstrip Feeding Antenna for Point to Point Communication

( 2020-06-17)

Ariffah S.N.

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

;

Muhammad A.

In this paper, the circular polarized 5.8 GHz patch antenna has successfully designed and simulated. This paper presented a design where both of the opposite edges of the rectangular patch of the antenna are truncated using micro strip feeding technique. Both simulations of the proposed antennas had been analyzed. The objectives of this paper has been achieved which is to design and simulate the circular polarized antenna with operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. From the results, the proposed antennas with different feeding technique that radiate at a constant frequency showed some distinct value towards the size of the antenna and the characteristic of its radiation. The results indicate that the antenna that uses micro strip feed line technique yields 2.337 dB directive gain, return loss and axial ratio at -14.042 dB and 3.193 dB respectivel. Meanwhile, the directivity values for the antennas is 5.31 dBi. It can be conclude that the designed 5.8 GHz antenna is ideal for point to pint communication antenna due to its performances.

Publication

5.8 GHz Circular Polarized Microstrip Feeding Antenna for Solar Panel Application

( 2020-12-18)

Mohd Aminudin Jamlos

;

Khairi M.

;

Ariffah S.N.

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

;

Muhammad A.

Circular polarized microstrip antenna have been proposed to establish connection among distributed solar farms. The base station antenna of each solar farm permits more precise on the targeting the radio signal and usually is placed at the open area or at a height place so that the radio waves to be transmitted will not be interrupted. For this paper, circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna (CPMSA) is designs and being reviewed. The patch antenna is based on low-cost, but lossy, and the substrate is made of Rogers RT 5880 (lossy). It consists of a rectangular radiator patch, which is fed by microstrip transmission line. In order to realized circularly polarized antenna, the patch has undergone some design modification to achieve circular rotation. Some technique is proposed to achieve CP antenna. The results indicate that the antenna that uses micro strip feed line technique yields 8.55 dB directive gain, return loss and axial ratio at -24.4 dB and 2.05 dB respectivel. The resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz is being selected since it is suitable used for point to point communication among distributed solar farms that located far from each others.

19 1

Publication

A 28 GHz high efficiency fully integrated 0.18 µm combined CMOS power amplifier using power divider technique for 5G millimeter-wave applications

( 2020-04-01)

Hasan A.F.

;

Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad

;

Faizah Abu Bakar

;

Zulkifli T.Z.A.

A 28 GHz power amplifier (PA) using CMOS 0.18 µm Silterra process technology for milimeter wave applications is reported. Maximizing the power added efficiency (PAE) and output power are achieved by optimize the circuit with power divider and cascade configuration. In addition, reverse body bias is also employed for realizing excellent PAE and power consumption. A three stage CMOS PA with power combiner is designed and simulated. The simulation results show that the proposed PA consumes 62.56 mW and power gain (S21) of 8.08 dB is achieved at 28 GHz. The PA achieves saturated power (Psat) of 12.62 dBm and maximum PAE of 23.74% with output 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) 10.85 dBm. These results demonstrate the proposed power amplifier architecture is suitable for 5G applications.

1 19

Publication

A brief overview of detectors used for terahertz imaging systems

( 2020-01-08)

Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo

;

Mohd Mokhar, Mohd Bazli

;

Nor Farhani Zakaria

;

Nurjuliana Juhari

This paper presents a short review on terahertz imaging systems based on several types of technology used in the terahertz detection schemes. Some commercial products from ThruVision Systems Limited Company have utilized GaAs Schottky diode detector at 0.25 THz to produce passive terahertz images for public and homeland security. On the other hand, TeraSense Group Incorporated Company has developed and invented a ground-breaking technology which employs sensor consisting of a matrix of plasmonic semiconductor detectors in their latest products to generate terahertz images in the 0.1 - 1.0 THz frequency range. Recently, the utilization of two-terminal unipolar nanodiodes, known as the self-switching diodes (SSDs), as terahertz detectors has shown promising results. The planar structure of SSD not only enables the device to operate at high frequencies due to low intrinsic parasitic capacitance, but also allows the realization of the device using only a single lithography step. This makes the fabrication process of SSDs faster, more simple, and at lower cost when compared to other electronic devices such as Schottky diodes. The development and recent achievement of SSDs as terahertz detectors are also presented in this paper.

Publication

A comparative study on interior acoustic comfort level of compact cars using data mining approach

( 2020-01-01)

Azuddin K.A.

;

Ahmad Kadri Junoh

;

Mohamed Z.

;

Md. Tasyrif bin Abdul Rahman

Vehicle acoustic comfort is one of the ergonomic measurement criteria that are essential for car occupants. Furthermore, interior cabin noise of a car may affect the driver's concentration when driving. This study is to investigate the noise comfort level of car interior on several compact cars. The objective is to measure interior cabin noise for all three cars and then to compare their acoustic comfort level using subfield data mining approach. A deduction was made to rate the best car among the three in term of acoustic comfort. The interior cabin noise was obtained for the cases where engine speed is varied while the cars are in stationary and moving condition. The noise was assessed according to pre-determined subjective and objective criteria. The sound quality parameters was assessed by regression analysis. In subjective assessment, the recorded noise was evaluated based on jury assessment. Then, the data mining approach was implemented to illustrate the noise level. The collected noise data were divided into five clusters through hierarchical clustering method. To assess the accuracy of noise data clusters, the method of k-nearest neighbours was performed and the results show a high accuracy rate (> 95%). Finally, the interior noise of the three cars was compared by using the analysis of variation. The vehicle acoustic comfort index was produced for the three cars tested in this study. In addition, the acoustic quality among the three cars is presented using anova. Annoyance index of the three cars was generated using data mining method. From the results, Axia car model has the best acoustic comfort compared to the other two cars by objective evaluation. By subjective evaluation, Axia car model recorded the lowest level of annoyance.

1 20

Publication

A comparison study of font reconstruction using differential evolution

( 2021-01-01)

Roslan N.

;

Yahya Z.R.

;

Muhamad W.Z.A.W.

;

Rusdi N.A.

The use of Differential Evolution (DE) to simultaneously optimize parameter t and middle control points (P1 and P2) of cubic Bézier curve is presented in this paper. The main objective of this research is to reduce the error of the numerical result. In addition, the numerical result from this research also being compared with the previous article [4] and [5]. The main steps involved are boundary extraction and corner point detection of the images. Then, followed by the process of DE in optimizing the parameter t and middle control points. Finally, by using the optimized value, the piecewise cubic Bézier curve is fitted to each segment. In addition, the Sum Square Error (SSE) has been used as an objective function to calculate the distance of the fitted Cubic Bézier curve with the boundary of the original images. The numerical result for this research produced more errors because of two parameter value that were optimized has been run simulataneously. The result that has been obtained does not guarantee that this algorithm is not good because the use of DE is subjective. DE is an interesting algorithm that can be explored in more detail and can be applied in various problems. The new research of DE can be extended more to its various mutation strategies.

Publication

A Design and Development of a Wireless Sensor Network for Potential Monitoring and Localization

( 2020-11-01)

Ramli N.A.M.

;

Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

;

Malik M.F.A.

;

Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

;

Latifah Mohamed

;

Ammar Zakaria

;

Abdullah M.S.M.

This paper presents an analysis of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the radio frequency signals for human identification in an indoor wireless sensor network (WSN). Instead of using closed-circuit television as the existing security platform, this indoor safety system was improved with a convenient, cheap, and low-power solution. The system was developed using 20 of ESP8266-12F Wi-Fi modules transmitters and another 2 of ESP8266-12F as the access points located in 3 m × 3 m area of interest. With a suitable coordinate of sensor nodes, a WSN telemetry could be established to minimize the blind spot area and limit the movement of the intruder with a minimum area of 0.2 m2. The RSSI measurement was repeatedly conducted for three different conditions, in an empty room, with the presence of a single intruder and the presence of multiple intruders. Based on the RSSI values, we found that there are distinctive features of data that can be utilized as flags for classifying the three above conditions. Besides that, to justify the efficiency of system performance, we also examined the sensitivity of RSSI values towards the variation of temperature. Our results show that the RSSI average values for both morning and night were practically the same. However, during the afternoon, the RSSI signal strength fluctuated by − 1.0 dBm. These results motivate the development of an alarm system that only uses the RSSI statistics to detect human presence.

1

Publication

A dielectric resonator antenna with enhanced gain and bandwidth for 5G applications

( 2020-02-01)

Ali I.

;

Jamaluddin M.H.

;

Gaya A.

;

Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin

In this paper, a dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with high gain and wide impedance bandwidth for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication applications is proposed. The dielectric resonator antenna is designed to operate at higher-order TExδ15 mode to achieve high antenna gain, while a hollow cylinder at the center of the DRA is introduced to improve bandwidth by reducing the quality factor. The DRA is excited by a 50Ω microstrip line with a narrow aperture slot. The reflection coefficient, antenna gain, and radiation pattern of the proposed DRAs are analyzed using the commercially available full-wave electromagnetic simulation tool CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS). In order to verify the simulation results, the proposed antenna structures were fabricated and experimentally validated. Measured results of the fabricated prototypes show a 10-dB return loss impedance bandwidth of 10.7% (14.3−15.9GHz) and 16.1% (14.1−16.5 GHz) for DRA1 and DRA2, respectively, at the operating frequency of 15 GHz. The results show that the designed antenna structure can be used in the Internet of things (IoT) for device-to-device (D2D) communication in 5G systems.

3 14

Publication

A Dragonfly Algorithm Application: Optimizing Solar Cell Single Diode Model Parameters

( 2020-01-07)

Zainuddin Mat Isa

;

Norkharziana Mohd Nayan

;

Nor Ashbahani Mohamad Kajaan

;

Mohd Hafiz Arshad

This paper provides an overview of optimizing solar cell single diode parameters using Dragonfly Algorithm. The 57 mm diameter commercial (R.T.C. France) silicon solar cell measurement data are taking as the data source for the optimization process. The results produced are compared with NM-PSO and IJAYA algorithms to observe the efficiency, accuracy and reliability of the proposed approach.

3 33

Publication

A Flexible and Compact Metamaterial UHF RID Tag for Remote Sensing in Human Health

( 2020-08-01)

Ainur Fasihah Mohd Fazilah

;

Muzammil Jusoh

;

Thennarasan Sabapathy

;

Abbasi, Qammer Hussain

;

Kabir Hossain

;

Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin

;

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Mohamed Nasrun Osman

;

Muhammad Ramlee Kamarudin

;

Majid, Huda Ahmad

;

Soh Ping Jack

This paper presents a miniaturized UHF RFID tag antenna with increased gain using meander line techniques and metamaterial (MTM). The designed tag operates in the UHF RFID frequency band ranging from 860 to 960 MHz. It comprises of meandered lines with two hexagonal split ring resonators (H-SRRs) MTM cells. It is designed on a photo paper as its substrate which is 0.27 mm thick, with a dielectric constant of 3.2 and loss tangent of 0.05. Next, an RFID tag (NXP SL381213 UCODE G2iL chip) with an impedance of 23-j224 \Omega is integrated with the proposed antenna to assess its performance in terms of reflection coefficient, antenna gain and maximum reading range. The overall size of the tag is 92 mm x26 mm.

1 19

Publication

A gold nanoparticles coated unclad single mode fiber-optic sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance

( 2023-12-01)

Fakhri M.A.

;

Salim E.T.

;

Tariq S.M.

;

Ibrahim R.K.

;

Alsultany F.H.

;

Alwahib A.A.

;

Alhasan S.F.H.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Salim Z.T.

;

Uda Hashim

In the last few decays, the fiber-optic was employed in the field of sensing because of its benefits in contrast to other types of sensors such as small size, easy to fabricate, high response, and flexibility. In this study, unclad single mode fiber-optic sensor is proposed to operate at 650 nm wavelength. COMSOL Multiphysics 5.1 finite element method (FEM) is used to design the sensor and tested it theoretically. The middle portion of the fiber cladding is removed and replaced by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) of 50 nm thickness. Analytic layer of 3 μm thickness was immersed in different liquids in range of refractive index (RI) from 1.000281 to 1.39. These liquids are NaCl Deionized (DI) water solution, sucrose-Deionized (DI) water solution, and glycerol solution Deionized (DI) water. It was found that the highest obtained sensitivity and resolution are for glycerol-DI water solution with value of 3157.98 (nm/RIU) and 3.16 × 10–5 (RIU), respectively. Furthermore, it is easy to fabricate and of low cost. In experiments, pulsed laser ablation (PLA) was used to prepare Au NPs. X-ray diffraction (XRD) shown that the peak of the intensity grew as the ablated energy increased as well as the structure crystallization. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed an average diameter of 30 nm at the three ablated energies, while X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) spectrum has indicated the presence of Au NPs in the prepared solution. The photoluminescence (PL) and ultraviolet–visible UV–Vis transmission were used to study the optical properties of the prepared Au NPs. An optical spectrum analyzer was used to obtain the sensor's output results. It has shown that best intensity was obtained for sucrose which confined with theoretical results.

Publication

A hybrid modified method of the sine cosine algorithm using latin hypercube sampling with the cuckoo search algorithm for optimization problems

( 2020-11-01)

Siti Julia Rosli

;

Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin

;

Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani

;

Yahaya N.Z.

;

R Badlishah Ahmad

;

Ruzelita Ngadiran

;

Abdulmalek M.

;

Muzammil Jusoh

;

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Thennarasan Sabapathy

;

Allan Melvin Andrew

The metaheuristic algorithm is a popular research area for solving various optimization problems. In this study, we proposed two approaches based on the Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA), namely, modification and hybridization. First, we attempted to solve the constraints of the original SCA by developing a modified SCA (MSCA) version with an improved identification capability of a random population using the Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique. MSCA serves to guide SCA in obtaining a better local optimum in the exploitation phase with fast convergence based on an optimum value of the solution. Second, hybridization of the MSCA (HMSCA) and the Cuckoo Search Algorithm (CSA) led to the development of the Hybrid Modified Sine Cosine Algorithm Cuckoo Search Algorithm (HMSCACSA) optimizer, which could search better optimal host nest locations in the global domain. Moreover, the HMSCACSA optimizer was validated over six classical test functions, the IEEE CEC 2017, and the IEEE CEC 2014 benchmark functions. The effectiveness of HMSCACSA was also compared with other hybrid metaheuristics such as the Particle Swarm Optimization–Grey Wolf Optimization (PSOGWO), Particle Swarm Optimization–Artificial Bee Colony (PSOABC), and Particle Swarm Optimization–Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSOGSA). In summary, the proposed HMSCACSA converged 63.89% faster and achieved a shorter Central Processing Unit (CPU) duration by a maximum of up to 43.6% compared to the other hybrid counterparts.

9 29

Publication

A Modified Artificial Bee Colony Based Test Suite Generation Strategy for Uniform T-Way Testing

( 2020-03-20)

Rashid Ali M.S.A.

;

Rozmie Razif Othman

;

Zainor Ridzuan Yahya

;

Mohd Zamri Zahir Ahmad

Today, t-way testing has been widely known with the ability to reduce test suite size compared to exhaustive testing. At the same time, it has been proven by many researchers to provide maximum bug detection capability. Thus, various t-way strategies were developed since the past three decades. The paper proposed a new test generation strategy, named Modified Artificial Bee Colony T-Way Test Suite Generation (MABCTS). It supports uniform strength t-way testing. Experimentation results are compared with present strategies and produced comparable results. Since t-way testing is considered an NP-hard problem, there are no strategies that can be demanded to produce the best results.

1 26

Publication

A narrative review: Classification of pap smear cell image for cervical cancer diagnosis

( 2020-01-01)

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

;

Halim A.

;

Ab Rahman K.S.

Cervical cancer develops as cells transformation in the cervix of a female that connects the uterus to the vagina. This cancer may impact the columnal epithelial cells of the cervix and therefore can be expanded to the lymphatic and circulatory system (metastasize), sometimes the kidneys, liver, prostate, vagina, and rectum. Many of the cervical cancer patients survived by taking early prevention by undergoing a Pap Smear Test. However, the result of the test usually takes a few weeks which is extremely time-consuming especially at the government hospital. The purpose of this research was to study the detection and classification method of the Pap Smear image to resolve the time-consuming issues and support better system performance to prevent low precision result of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) stages. A few studies were considered which features the cell image databases to classify cervical cancer according to its type. Besides, the classification system and the performance of the preceding papers that had been considered include a few features found in the cell images. Those features were the size of the cells, the shape of the cells, the colour, Region of Interest (ROI) and overlapped cell nuclei. The other existing design methods being considered were the Deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN). These findings technique showed the highest percentage of the system accuracy, precision, and specificity that might be excellent for further analysis. The research limitation was the method of how the numerous image databases needed to be processed and classified one at a time. None of these articles stated whether they had found the way to compute more images at once. The aim of the study was to review the previous paper in order to define the feature datasets that needed to be considered. The features were important in designing a new classification method and increasing the performance of the systems. The features included the nucleus shape, diameter and surface areas, colour and luminosity of the cell datasets, the region of the nucleus, design and image resolution. In this paper, an extensive analysis was studied for cervical cancer classification techniques. As expected from the outcome, the study of the feature database, the classification method and the system performance were reviewed deeper for further assessments.

12 1

Publication

A new approach for estimating insulation condition of field transformers using FRA

( 2020-02-01)

Yousof M.F.M.

;

Al-Ameri S.

;

Ahmad H.

;

Illias H.A.

;

Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad @ Hashim

Frequency response analysis (FRA) is a tool for evaluating mechanical integrity of transformer's core and winding. However, several studies have reported that FRA is also sensitive to other parameters such as temperature, moisture content and presence of oil. Since some of these parameters are critical in the insulation degradation process, it is interesting to further investigate the possibility of using FRA for insulation assessment. In this paper, the insulation conditions of three field transformers are investigated using FRA. This is performed after statistical analysis on the response suggested no mechanical damage on the transformers. The responses are further analyzed to determine the percentage of change of winding capacitance. This is achieved by comparing resonance frequencies between the responses. The percentage of change represents the amount of degradation in the insulation. This is because as the insulation condition degrades, the response is shifted towards lower frequencies. This new investigation demonstrates the applicability of FRA to estimate the insulation degradation.

1 19

Publication

A New Perspective of Web-Based Systems Quality Engineering Measure by Using Software Engineering Theory (ISO 25010): An Initial Study

( 2020-06-17)

Fadhel I.E.I.

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

;

Abdullah M.S.Y.

;

Ibrahim A.A.E.A.

;

Omar M.

;

Khred A.

An extensive number of engineered frameworks and web assessment accessible are not good enough in the appraisal of systems' quality. Thus, the comprehension of the systems' quality in Mukalla, is basically critical. The research literature review aims at developing a successful novel theoretical approach for measuring system. The research contribution can be seen theoretically, in the methodology and practical perspectives. Theoretically, it presents a refined expansion of up-to-date DeLone and McLean's information success framework (2003), TAM and ISO 25010 posits that some factors are directly related to satisfaction. The need to answer why users dislike system after the initial experience must be known. Methodologically, the contribution of the research study will be performed using census and other data collection processes from student were instruments will be validated by 8 experts. Lastly, some factors like loyalty, security and benefits would be adapted and employed on non-commercial settings.

16 1

Publication

A New Perspective on Visualising EEG Signal of Post-Stroke Patients

( 2020-09-21)

Qihan P.W.

;

Alipal J.

;

Suberi A.A.M.

;

Fuad N.

;

Helmy Abd Wahab M.

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

To date, numerous methods have been developed in response to the EEG signal classification of post-stroke patients, among which feature extraction methods are of particular interest. This paper presents a new perspective on the visualisation of the EEG signal of different post-stroke patients in the image representation that can be used to assist in the classification phase. The new perspective for extracting and visualising EEG sub-band features considers the sequential application of power spectral density (PSD) represented in the kernel distribution estimation (KDE) of the PSD manifold. Experiments conducted on 45 post-stroke patients; 14 early, 17 intermediate and 14 advanced patients demonstrated the potential of the proposed perspective to estimate significant parameters under spectral pattern image representation. Visual representation of this new approach shows that the pattern and relationship of post-stroke patients can be clearly visualised. Significant performance can be achieved by classifying post-stroke patients into early-advanced or early intermediate classes as they reach a perfect dissimilarity score, r = 1.00. In the meantime, the absence of beta or theta in pairs has relatively consistent performance in classifying post-stroke patients using sub-bands, and the combination of the two has shown the worst results among other pairs. This paradigm should be included in the future context of the EEG signal classification of post-stroke classes, which could better explain the importance of image representation while improving the accuracy of the specified network.

1 12

Publication

A Novel Double Co-Transformation for a Simple and Memory Efficient Logarithmic Number System

( 2020-07-01)

Basir M.S.S.M.

;

Rizalafande Che Ismail

;

Mohd Nazrin Md Isa

To date, co-transformation architecture is typically used in resolving the singularity issue in the logarithmic number system (LNS). The co-transformation was first introduced by Coleman, by using a rule of sign(r1) ≠ sign(r2) which translate the singularity into an argument that can be stored in two identical look-up tables (LUTs) with size of 2k. Recently, a portable 32-bit chipset preferred a small LUT, hitherto a co-transformation architecture is rearranged. This paper presents a novel double co-transformation, by means of first-order co-transformation architecture that covers-0.5 < r < 0 region is extended to r >-1 to replace the triumvirate F, D and E tables occupy by the interpolator. The accuracy settings at the co-transformation is compromised with the worst case error of 0.5 ulp. The outcome revealed a double co-transformation with Lagrange interpolator shows a decline in the total bit by 13% compared to European Logarithmic Microprocessor (ELM). With a simple architecture, the proposed double co-transformation is a promise for a fast LNS system.

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