Ahmad Kadri Junoh
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Ahmad Kadri Junoh
Official Name
Ahmad Kadri, Junoh
Alternative Name
Junoh, Ahmad Kadri
Junoh, A. K.
Ahmad Kadri, Junoh
Junoh, A. K.
Kadri, J. Ahmad
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
38561331300
Researcher ID
FZU-4175-2022

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  • Publication
    An overview of multi-filters for eliminating impulse noise for digital images
    ( 2020-02-01)
    Abdurrazzaq A.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
    ;
    Zainab Yahya
    ;
    Mohd I.
    An image through the digitization process is referred to as a digital image. The quality of the digital image may be degenerating due to interferences on the acquisition, transmission, extraction, etc. This attracted the attention of many researchers to study the causes of damage to the information in the image. In addition to finding cause of image damage, the researchers also looking for ways to overcome this problem. There are many filtering techniques that have been introduced to deal the damage to the information in the image. In addition to eliminating noise from the image, filtering techniques also aims to maintain the originality of the features in the image. Among the many research papers on image filtering there is a lack of review papers which are an important to facilitate researchers in understanding the differences in each filtering technique. Additionally, it helps researchers determine the direction of research conducted based on the results of previous research. Therefore, this paper presents a review of several filtering techniques that have been developed so far.
  • Publication
    Tropical algebra based adaptive filter for noise removal in digital image
    ( 2020-07-01)
    Abdurrazzaq A.
    ;
    Mohd I.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zainab Yahya
    The concept of the tropical algebra was first introduced to solve problems in mathematical economy such as optimization and approximation problems. In this paper, the concept of tropical algebra is used to build an image filtering algorithm. By using this concept, the lowest and highest pixel values are considered in determining the new pixel value. In addition, adaptive window will also be implemented to help the filtering process become more effective at high density noise. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index (SSIM) are used to evaluate the output image quality produced by the filtering method. In this experiment, the performance of proposed method and existing methods such as switching median filter (SMF), adaptive fuzzy noise switching median filter (NAFSM), modified decision based on unsymmetric trimmed median filter (MDBUTMF), adaptive type-2 fuzzy filter (AT2FF)), based on pixel density filters (BPDF), different applied median filters (DAMF), and tropical SVD filters (TSVD) will be compared. PSNR and SSIM results show that the proposed method outperforms most existing methods: SMF (27.13/0.7954), NAFSM (29.11/0.8459), MDBTUMF (29.18/0.8462), AT2FF (28.10/0.8159), BPDF (25.65/0.7545), DAMF (31.20/0.8833), TSVD (28.39/0.7906), and proposed (31.26/0.8827).
  • Publication
    Entropy virus microscopy images recognition via neural network classifiers
    ( 2017-07-02)
    Afiq Ahmad Shakri
    ;
    Syahrul Affandi Saidi
    ;
    Haryati Jaafar
    ;
    Muhammad Naufal Mansor
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    One of the topics that are commonly in focus of object detection and image recognition is virus detection. It is well known that to learn and detecting virus proven to be a challenging and quite complex task for computer systems under different noise level. This research work investigates the performances of preprocessing stages with Entropy feature extraction with Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN) classifier under various levels of noise. The real time experiment conducted proved that the method proposed are efficient, robust, and excellent of which it has produced a results accuracy of up to 88% for biological viruses images classification.
  • Publication
    Investigating the Applicability of Several Fuzzy-Based Classifiers on Multi-Label Classification
    ( 2019-01-01)
    Al-luwaici M.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Ahmad F.K.
    : In the last few decades, fuzzy logic has been extensively used in several domains such as economy, decision making, logic and classification. In specific, fuzzy logic which is a powerful mathematical representation has shown a superior performance with uncertainty real-life applications comparing with other learning approaches. Many researchers utilized the concept of fuzzy logic in solving the traditional single label classification problems of both types: binary classification and multi-class classification. Unfortunately, veiy few researches have utilized fuzzy logic in a more general type of classification that is called Multi-Label Classification (MLC). Hence, this study aims to examine the applicability of fuzzy logic to be used with MLC through evaluating several fuzzy-based classifiers on five different multi-label datasets. The results revealed that the utilizing fuzzy-based classifiers on solving the problem of MLC is promising comparing with a wide range of MLC algorithms that belong to several learning approaches and strategies.
  • Publication
    Hurst exponent based brain behavior analysis of stroke patients using eeg signals
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Choong W.Y.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Murugappan M.
    ;
    Omar M.I.
    ;
    Bong S.Z.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    The stroke patients perceive emotions differently with normal people due to emotional disturbances, the emotional impairment of the stroke patients can be effectively analyzed using the EEG signal. The EEG signal has been known as non-linear and the neuronal oscillation under different mental states can be observed by non-linear method. The non-linear analysis of different emotional states in the EEG signal was performed by using hurst exponent (HURST). In this study, the long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) was examined in the emotional EEG signal of stroke patients and normal control subjects. The estimation of the HURST was more statistically significant in normal group than the stroke groups. In this study, the statistical test on the HURST has shown a more significant different among the emotional states of normal subject compared to the stroke patients. Particularly, it was also found that the gamma frequency band in the emotional EEG has shown more statistically significant among the different emotional states.
  • Publication
    Contrast virus microscopy images recognition via k-NN classifiers
    ( 2017-07-02)
    Afiq Ahmad Shakri
    ;
    Syahrul Affandi Saidi
    ;
    Muhammad Naufal Mansor
    ;
    Haryati Jaafar
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    One of the topics that are commonly in focus of object detection and image recognition is virus detection. It is well known that to learn and detecting virus proven to be a challenging and quite complex task for computer systems under different noise level. This research work investigates the performances of preprocessing stages with Contrast feature extraction with K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) classifier under various levels of noise. The real time experiment conducted proved that the proposed method are efficient, robust, and excellent of which it has produced a results accuracy of up to 88% for biological viruses images classification.
  • Publication
    A survey on improvement of Mahalanobis Taguchi system and its application
    ( 2023-11-01)
    Tan L.M.
    ;
    Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
    ;
    Zainor Ridzuan Yahya
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Nor Hizamiyani Abdul Azziz
    ;
    Ramlie F.
    ;
    Harudin N.
    ;
    Abu M.Y.
    ;
    Tan X.J.
    Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) is used for pattern recognition and classification, diagnosis, and prediction of a multivariate data set. Mahalanobis Distance (MD), orthogonal array (OA), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used in traditional MTS in order to identify and optimize the variables. However, the high correlation among variables shows an effect on the inverse of the correlation matrix that uses in the calculation of MD and hence affects the accuracy of the MD. Therefore, Mahalanobis-Taguchi-Gram-Schmidt (MTGS) system is proposed in order to solve the problem of multicollinearity. The value of MD can be calculated by using the Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Process (GSOP). Besides, the computational speed and the accuracy in optimization using OA and SNR are other issues that are concerned the authors. Hence, the combination of MTS and other methods such as Binary Particles Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Binary Ant Colony Optimization (NBACO) is proposed to improve the computational speed and the accuracy in optimization. The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize some works that developed and used the hybrid methodology of MTS as well as its application in several fields. Moreover, a discussion about the future work that can be done related to MTS is carried out.
  • Publication
    Distance weighted K-means algorithm for center selection in training radial basis function networks
    ( 2019-03-01)
    Aik L.E.
    ;
    Hong T.W.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    The accuracies rates of the neural networks mainly depend on the selection of the correct data centers. The K-means algorithm is a widely used clustering algorithm in various disciplines for centers selection. However, the method is known for its sensitivity to initial centers selection. It suffers not only from a high dependency on the algorithm's initial centers selection but, also from data points. The performance of K-means has been enhanced from different perspectives, including centroid initialization problem over the years. Unfortunately, the solution does not provide a good trade-off between quality and efficiency of the centers produces by the algorithm. To solve this problem, a new method to find the initial centers and improve the sensitivity to the initial centers of K-means algorithm is proposed. This paper presented a training algorithm for the radial basis function network (RBFN) using improved K-means (KM) algorithm, which is the modified version of KM algorithm based on distance-weighted adjustment for each centers, known as distance-weighted K-means (DWKM) algorithm. The proposed training algorithm, which uses DWKM algorithm select centers for training RBFN obtained better accuracy in predictions and reduced network architecture compared to the standard RBFN. The proposed training algorithm was implemented in MATLAB environment; hence, the new network was undergoing a hybrid learning process. The network called DWKM-RBFN was tested against the standard RBFN in predictions. The experimental models were tested on four literatures nonlinear function and four real-world application problems, particularly in Air pollutant problem, Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) problem, Phytoplankton problem, and forex pair EURUSD. The results are compared to proposed method for root mean square error (RMSE) in radial basis function network (RBFN). The proposed method yielded a promising result with an average improvement percentage more than 50 percent in RMSE.
  • Publication
    An overview of the fundamental approaches that yield several image denoising techniques
    ( 2019-12-01)
    Charmouti B.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Mashor M.Y.
    ;
    Ghazali N.
    ;
    Wahab M.A.
    ;
    Wan Muhamad W.Z.A.
    ;
    Yahya Z.
    ;
    Beroual A.
    Digital image is considered as a powerful tool to carry and transmit information between people. Thus, it attracts the attention of large number of researchers, among them those interested in preserving the image features from any factors that may reduce the image quality. One of these factors is the noise which affects the visual aspect of the image and makes others image processing more difficult. Thus far, solving this noise problem remains a challenge for the researchers in this field. A lot of image denoising techniques have been introduced in order to remove the noise by taking care of the image features; in other words, getting the best similarity to the original image from the noisy one. However, the findings are still inconclusive. Beside the enormous amount of researches and studies which adopt several mathematical concepts (statistics, probabilities, modeling, PDEs, wavelet, fuzzy logic, etc.), there is also the scarcity of review papers which carry an important role in the development and progress of research. Thus, this review paper intorduce an overview of the different fundamental approaches that yield the several image-denoising techniques, presented with a new classification. Furthermore, the paper presents the different evaluation tools needed on the comparison between these techniques in order to facilitate the processing of this noise problem, among a great diversity of techniques and concepts.