Publications 2017

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/11325

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Browsing Publications 2017 by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"
  • Publication
    A brief review of the EMF interaction: Metal implantation and biological tissues
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Mohd Hafizuddin Mat
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    ;
    Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin
    ;
    Mohd Irwan Yusoff
    In analyzing the near field for a device, such as a mobile phone used in close proximity to tissues, it is difficult to predict the electromagnetic field (EMF) and other characteristics, since certain parts of the mobile phone scatter and reflect the EMF. Moreover, the absorption of EMF in the lossy tissues mitigates as the radio frequency (RF) energy is absorbed by the tissue. In order to minimize the heating effect on human tissue caused by this absorption of RF energy by the human body, all communications equipment (CE) must comply with the guidelines that established the maximum power output of devices. Though RF emissions from CE are carefully measured, the probability exists that the RF characteristics are reformed somewhat when tissue that illuminated by RF energy embedded with implant, thereby increasing the specific absorption rate (SAR). The SAR is the fundamental metric for specifying RF absorption by tissues and it can be calculated at any location in the tissue.
  • Publication
    A dual band antenna design for future millimeter wave wireless communication at 24.25 GHz and 38 GHz
    ( 2017-10-10)
    Daud N.N.
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    ;
    Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin
    ;
    Rozmie Razif Othman
    ;
    Sapabathy T.
    ;
    Mohd Nizam Osman
    ;
    Yassin M.N.M.
    ;
    Kamarudin M.R.
    This paper proposes a dual band antenna for future millimeter wave wireless communication. The performance of this dual band antenna is analyzed in term of reflection coefficient when some of the length of the patch antenna was adjustable, overall gain and total efficiency for both frequencies respectively. The size of this presented patch antenna is 4.9 × 7.6 mm2. The dual band antenna was fabricated on a RTRogers5880 with a dielectric constant of £=2.2 and thickness of the substrate is 0.127 mm. The simulated result obtained the reflection coefficient as a requirement of the antenna which is not less than -10 dB for 24.25 GHz and 38 GHz that capable to cover 5G applications. The proposed antenna has achieved a maximum gain up to 5.5 dBi and 4.5 dBi at desired frequencies respectively. All design and simulation are carried out using CST Microwave Studio software. The proposed antenna design could be suitable to be applied as a device to the 5G wireless system.
  • Publication
    A method to press powder at 6000 ton using small amount of explosive
    ( 2017-12-04)
    Ahmad Humaizi Hilmi
    ;
    Nor Azmaliana Azmi
    ;
    Ariffin Ismail
    Large die hydraulic press forces are one of the key instruments in making jumbo planes. The machine can produce aircraft components such as wing spars, landing gear supports and armor plates. Superpower nations such as USA, Russia, Germany, Japan, Korea and China have large die hydraulic press which can press 50,000 tons. In Malaysia, heavy-duty press is available from companies such as Proton that builds chassis for cars. However, that heavy-duty press is not able to produce better bulkhead for engines, fuselage, and wings of an aircraft. This paper presents the design of an apparatus that uses 50 grams of commercial grade explosives to produce 6000 tons of compaction. This is a first step towards producing larger scale apparatus that can produce 50,000-ton press. The design was done using AUTODYN blast simulation software. According to the results, the maximum load the apparatus can withstand was 6000 tons which was contributed by 50 grams of commercial explosive(Emulex). Explosive size larger than 50 grams will lead to catastrophic failure. Fabrication of the apparatus was completed. However, testing of the apparatus is not presented in this article.
  • Publication
    A methodology of nearest neighbor: Design and comparison of biometric image database
    ( 2017-01-06)
    Haryati Jaafar
    ;
    Nordiana Mukahar
    ;
    Dzati Athiar Ramli
    The nearest neighbor (NN) is a non-parametric classifier and has been widely used for pattern classification. Nevertheless, there are some problems encountered that leads to the poor performance of the NN i.e. the samples distribution, weighting issues and computational time for large databases. Hence, various classifiers i.e. k Nearest Neighbor (kNN), k Nearest Centroid Neighborhood (kNCN), Fuzzy k Nearest Neighbor (FkNN), Fuzzy-Based k Nearest Centroid Neighbor (FkNCN) and Improved Fuzzy-Based k Nearest Centroid Neighbor (IFkNCN) were proposed to improve the performance of the NN. This paper presents a review of aforementioned classifiers including the taxonomy, toward the implementation of classifiers in biometric image database. Two databases i.e. finger print and finger vein have been employed and the performance of classifiers were compared in term of processing time and classification accuracy. The results show that the IFkNCN classifier owns the best accuracies to the kNN, kNCN FkNN and FkNCN with 97.66% and 96.74% for fingerprint and finger vein databases, respectively.
  • Publication
    A modified antipodal vivaldi antenna (AVA) with elliptical slotting edge (ESE) for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications
    ( 2017-11-20)
    Nornikman H.
    ;
    Abdulmalek M.
    ;
    Ahmad B.H.
    ;
    Al-Khatib O.
    ;
    Aziz M.Z.A.A.
    ;
    Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin
    ;
    Soon Y.Y.
    ;
    Muslimah M.S.
    ;
    Syazwany R.
    ;
    Salimi H.I.
    ;
    Amirul M.Y.
    ;
    Azizi M.S.N.
    As the demand of UWB system increases nowadays, several types of hybrid technique on antenna design are studied, modified, and proposed for UWB applications. In this work, an enhanced performance of modified antipodal Vivaldi antenna (AVA) for targeting ultrawideband (UWB) frequency range between 2.17 GHz and 10.6 GHz has been proposed. This proposed UWB antenna is using FR-4 substrate with dielectric constant, εr = 4.4 and the electrical conductivity tangent loss, tanΔ = 0.019. This antenna design is based on the modified from the dual exponential tapered slot antenna (DETSA) with varying of the exponential flares design for obtain the best return loss of the antenna within the frequency bandwidth of the UWB. It has two exponential flares that follow the characteristic of exponential curve. Next, an elliptical slotting edge (ESE) with fixed horizontal radius and varied vertical radius is implemented to the antenna which effectively increases the performance of the antenna at lower frequencies. These modifications are done without changing the antenna size, which is 70 mm × 90 mm in dimension, which is approximately 0.5λ × 0.6λ, where λ is the wavelength of 2 GHz. The effects of the parameters of the antenna characteristic are also studied. In this case, the parametric study on varying distance between elliptical slots, Ks. It shows that, the higher value of Ks will effect to shift to the resonant frequency and increase the return loss of the antenna. At 9.104 GHz of resonant frequencies, it shows of the best return loss of 48.809 dB. Rather than that, the side lobe levels of the radiation pattern of the antenna are reduced in the lower frequencies.
  • Publication
    A multilayered acoustic signal generator for low power energy harvesting
    ( 2017-10-10)
    Awal M.R.
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    ;
    Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin
    ;
    Thennarasan Sabapathy
    ;
    Mohamed Nasrun Osman
    ;
    Mohd Ilman Jais
    ;
    Kamarudin M.R.
    This paper presents the design and analysis of a multilayer cantilever to harvest vibration energy by generating acoustic signal. To do so, a five layer configuration is used to design the cantilever. Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT-8), Stainless Steel 405 Annealed, Aluminum and Zinc Oxide are used to develop the layers. Water is used as the medium to analyze the sound propagation pattern. Sound Pressure Level, displacements and electric potential of the cantilever are analyzed along with other parameters. From the results, it is evident that, the proposed cantilever can propagate sound within a range of 78.7 dB to 73.4 dB in a 50 mm spherical distance.
  • Publication
    A review of nanoclay applications in the pervious concrete pavement
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Shahrul Azwan Shakrani
    ;
    Afizah Ayob
    ;
    Mohd Asri Ab Rahim
    In recent years, the use of nanoclay has received various interests in order to enhance the properties of construction materials which can also be eligible for pavement technology and engineering application. This review paper summarizes the effect of nanoclay as cement replacement and additive to the performance of pervious concrete pavement. The addition of nanoclay to pervious concrete has demonstrated improvements in strength properties such as compressive and flexural strength, durability such as freeze-thaw and chloride penetration resistance, shrinkage, and denser microstructure but at the same time reduced the porosity, permeability and water absorption properties. This enhancement is due to the roles of nanoclay as nanoreinforcements, nanofillers, nucleation site, and reactive pozzolans in order to promote hydration and improve material properties.
      12  1
  • Publication
    A Review on Microdialysis Calibration Methods: the Theory and Current Related Efforts
    ( 2017-07-01)
    Kho C.M.
    ;
    Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim
    ;
    Zainal Arifin Ahmad
    ;
    Norazharuddin Shah Abdullah
    Microdialysis is a sampling technique first introduced in the late 1950s. Although this technique was originally designed to study endogenous compounds in animal brain, it is later modified to be used in other organs. Additionally, microdialysis is not only able to collect unbound concentration of compounds from tissue sites; this technique can also be used to deliver exogenous compounds to a designated area. Due to its versatility, microdialysis technique is widely employed in a number of areas, including biomedical research. However, for most in vivo studies, the concentration of substance obtained directly from the microdialysis technique does not accurately describe the concentration of the substance on-site. In order to relate the results collected from microdialysis to the actual in vivo condition, a calibration method is required. To date, various microdialysis calibration methods have been reported, with each method being capable to provide valuable insights of the technique itself and its applications. This paper aims to provide a critical review on various calibration methods used in microdialysis applications, inclusive of a detailed description of the microdialysis technique itself to start with. It is expected that this article shall review in detail, the various calibration methods employed, present examples of work related to each calibration method including clinical efforts, plus the advantages and disadvantages of each of the methods.
      1  3
  • Publication
    A Review on Recent T-way Combinatorial Testing Strategy
    ( 2017-12-11)
    Nuraminah Ramli
    ;
    Rozmie Razif Othman
    ;
    Zahereel Ishwar Abdul Khalib
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    T-way combinatorial testing aims to generate a smaller test suite size. The purpose of t-way combinatorial testing is to overcome exhaustive testing. Although many existing strategies have been developed for t-way combinatorial testing, study in this area is encouraging as it falls under NP-hard optimization problem. This paper focuses on the analysis of existing algorithms or tools for the past seven years. Taxonomy of combinatorial testing is proposed to ease the analysis. 20 algorithms or tools were analysed based on strategy approach, search technique, supported interaction and year published. 2015 was the most active year in which researchers developed t-way algorithms or tools. OTAT strategy and metaheuristic search technique are the most encouraging research areas for t-way combinatorial testing. There is a slight difference in the type of interaction support. However, uniform strength is the most utilized form of interaction from 2010 to the first quarter of 2017.
      11  1
  • Publication
    A review on the modelling of collection and distribution of blood donation based on vehicle routing problem
    ( 2017-11-22)
    Nur Arif Azezan
    ;
    Mohammad Fadzli Ramli
    ;
    Muhamad Hafiz Masran
    In this paper, we discussed a literature on blood collection-distribution that based on vehicle routing problem. This problem emergence when the process from collection to stock up must be completed in timely manner. We also modified the mathematical model so that it will suited to general collection of blood. A discussion on its algorithm and solution methods are also pointed out briefly in this paper.
  • Publication
    A review on water pricing problem for sustainable water resource
    ( 2017-05-19)
    Tan Kim Hek
    ;
    Mohammad Fadzli Ramli
    ;
    Iryanto I.
    A report that presented at the World Forum II at The Hague in March 2000, said that it would be water crisis around the world and some countries will be lack of water in 2025, as a result of global studies. Inefficient using of water and considering water as free goods which means it can be used as much as we want without any lost. Thus, it causes wasteful consumption and low public awareness in using water without effort to preserve and conserve the water resources. In addition, the excessive exploitation of ground water for industrial facilities also leads to declining of available freshwater. Therefore, this paper reviews some problems arise all over the world regarding to improper and improving management, policies and methods to determine the optimum model of freshwater price in order to avoid its wasteful thus ensuring its sustainability. In this paper, we also proposed a preliminary model of water pricing represents a case of Medan, North Sumatera, Indonesia.
  • Publication
    A study of energy consumption in turning process using lubrication of nanoparticles enhanced coconut oil (NECO)
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Ahmad Fairuz Mansor
    ;
    Muhammad Syamil Zakaria
    ;
    Azwan Iskandar Azmi
    ;
    Ahmad Nabil Mohd Khalil
    ;
    Musa N.A.
    Cutting fluids play very important role in machining application in order to increase tool life, surface finish and reduce energy consumption. Instead of using petrochemical and synthetic based cutting fluids, vegetable oil based lubricants is safety for operators, environmental friendly and become more popular in the industrial applications. This research paper aims to find the advantage of using vegetable oils (coconut oil) with additional of nano particles (CuO) as lubricant to the energy consumption during machining process. The energy was measured for each run from 2 level factorial experimental layout. Obtained results illustrate that lubricant with enhancement of nanoparticles has capability to improve the energy consumption during the machining process.
      18  1
  • Publication
    A study on contraction of pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) for load-lifting
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Najmuddin W.
    ;
    Mohammad Taufiq Mustaffa
    Pneumatic Artificial Muscles (PAMs) have been known for its wide application in various aspects of industrial automation and robotic equipments. Many advantages in terms of high power-to-volume ratio, high power-to-weight ratio, stick-slip-free operation and high degree of safety offer by PAM compare to traditional actuators. However, behind this benefits lie a limitation of significant compatibility of PAM mechanism which have to be considered so as to fully understand how the PAM works during load-lifting. In this study, the mesh suitability experiment and the effect of force load on PAM contraction experiment have been carried out. PAM is constructed and compatibility of bladder and the braided mesh to produce uniform expansion is investigated. Moreover, the first experimental result of finding compatibility is used to verify the contraction value under various loads.
  • Publication
    Adaptive threshold determination for efficient channel sensing in cognitive radio network using mobile sensors
    ( 2017-03-13)
    Mohammad Nayeem Morshed
    ;
    Sabira Khatun
    ;
    Latifah Munirah Kamarudin
    ;
    Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid
    ;
    R Badlishah Ahmad
    ;
    Ammar Zakaria
    ;
    Moslem Fakir
    Spectrum saturation problem is a major issue in wireless communication systems all over the world. Huge number of users is joining each day to the existing fixed band frequency but the bandwidth is not increasing. These requirements demand for efficient and intelligent use of spectrum. To solve this issue, the Cognitive Radio (CR) is the best choice. Spectrum sensing of a wireless heterogeneous network is a fundamental issue to detect the presence of primary users' signals in CR networks. In order to protect primary users (PUs) from harmful interference, the spectrum sensing scheme is required to perform well even in low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. Meanwhile, the sensing period is usually required to be short enough so that secondary (unlicensed) users (SUs) can fully utilize the available spectrum. CR networks can be designed to manage the radio spectrum more efficiently by utilizing the spectrum holes in primary user's licensed frequency bands. In this paper, we have proposed an adaptive threshold detection method to detect presence of PU signal using free space path loss (FSPL) model in 2.4 GHz WLAN network. The model is designed for mobile sensors embedded in smartphones. The mobile sensors acts as SU while the existing WLAN network (channels) works as PU. The theoretical results show that the desired threshold range detection of mobile sensors mainly depends on the noise floor level of the location in consideration.
  • Publication
    An innovative single development process for integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer pattern transfer
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Nurulbariah Idris
    ;
    Lau Kuen Yao
    ;
    Kang Nan Khor
    ;
    Abdul Wahid M. H.
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Vithyacharan Retnasamy
    ;
    Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin
    Integrated optical Mach-Zehnder interferometer (IO-MZI) has been widely researched for various usage including for biosensor application. However, the success rate of IO-MZI pattern transfer has been low using the conventional multidevelopment process. One of the main factors is the particle contamination due to the practice of reused developer bath. In this work, an innovative single development process had been proposed with the utilization of the same conventional set-up but with a different protocol. The concept of this method is the estimation of total development time based on the calculated development rate. By doing so, the development process can be completed with only one immersion of the substrate in the developer bath. Besides, the manipulation of development rate by varying exposure time in this work also had revealed the possibility of manipulation of line-width based on the exposure time. In short, the proposed single development process has increased the success rate of IO-MZI pattern transfer from 30% (multi-development method) to 90%.
      14  1
  • Publication
    An overview of self-switching diode rectifiers using green materials
    (AIP Publishing, 2017-09-26)
    Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo
    ;
    Zarimawaty Zailan
    ;
    Nor Farhani Zakaria
    ;
    Muammar Mohamad Isa
    ;
    Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad @ Hashim
    ;
    Sanna Taking
    A unipolar two-terminal nanodevice, known as the self-switching diode (SSD), has recently been demonstrated as a room-temperature rectifier at microwave and terahertz frequencies due to its nonlinear current-voltage characteristic. The planar architecture of SSD not only makes the fabrication process of the device faster, simpler and at a lower cost when compared with other rectifying diodes, but also allows the use of various materials to realize and fabricate SSDs. This includes the utilization of 'green' materials such as organic and graphene thin films for environmental sustainability. This paper reviews the properties of current 'green' SSD rectifiers with respect to their operating frequencies and rectifying performances, including responsivity and noise-equivalent power of the devices, along with the applications.
      3
  • Publication
    Analysis of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on SPWM transformerless photovoltaic inverter
    ( 2017-10-01)
    Muhammad Irwanto Misrun
    ;
    Hermansyah Alam
    ;
    Mohd Yusoff Mashor
    ;
    Mahrizal Masri
    ;
    Haziah Abdul Hamid
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Butar-Butar A.H.
    Normally, the low frequency (50Hz) inverter uses a transformer that is bigger in size, heavy and expensive. For reducing the size, weight and manufacturing cost, the SPWM TPVI is suitable, it can generate a sinusoidal AC waveform which is suitable for the long life of AC loads. This paper presents an analysis of AC voltage and current waveform distortion on sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) transformerless photovoltaic inverter (TPVI). The sinusoidal waveform is developed based on the SPWM technique by installing an LC filter at the end terminal of full bridge inverter. It is due to no optimum value of LC components and AC load, whereas the AC voltage and current waveform will be distorted. Thus, it is very important to analyze the distortion of AC voltage and current waveform.
      1  18
  • Publication
    Analysis of airbox performance improvement for Modenas model by geometrical analysis
    (IOP Publishing, 2017-10-29)
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mohamad Syafiq Abdul Khadir
    ;
    Hamid K.A.
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Hazry Desa
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Cheng Ee Meng
    ;
    Siti Khadijah Za'aba
    ;
    Teh W.S.W.
    ;
    Shuaib N.A.
    ;
    Wan K.
    ;
    Ishak A.A.
    Airbox system consist of filter element which greatly influenced the quality air into the engine system. The main objective of this study is to improve the performance of airbox system that attached in MODENAS CT115S engine system. Airbox, an empty air chamber, accumulates the outside air and feed it to the cylinder of the engine for combustion process and contains filter element. The function is to provide cleaner air for greater combustion rate and cleaner emission. The performance of airbox can be influenced by changing the location of the filter element and the geometry of airbox. By changing these parameters, the performance of the airbox system can be enhanced. In this study, the geometry of the airbox inlet has been changed in terms of shape and size. The inlet shape for Design 1 in round shape with a diameter of 43.60 mm. Meanwhile for Design 2, the geometry of airbox inlet was changed to a rectangular shape. Between these two designs, Design 1 provides a better result in terms of mass flow rate (10.41 kg/s), velocity (9.84 m/s) and pressure difference (83.44 kPa). By increasing the performance of airbox, the performance of engine can be increased.
      6
  • Publication
    Analysis of an AC voltage waveform on changeover of transfer switch on photovoltaic powered uninterruptible power supply system
    ( 2017-10-01)
    Hermansyah Alam
    ;
    Muhammad Irwanto Misrun
    ;
    Mahrizal Masri
    ;
    Haziah Abdul Hamid
    ;
    Butar-Butar A.H.
    Normally, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) system supplies to AC lands if the national utility grid fails to supply AC source to the AC loads. The UPS system stands on the national utility grid. It means that it can be operated only in the area or near the national utility grid.
      11  1
  • Publication
    Analysis of crack propagation in human long bone by using finite element modeling
    ( 2017-12-04)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    The aim of this research is to present a numerical modeling of crack for human long bone specifically on femur shaft bone under mode I loading condition. Two - dimensional model (2D) of long bone was developed based on past research study. The finite element analysis and construction of the model are done using Mechanical APDL (ANSYS) v14.0 software. The research was conducted mainly based on two conditions that were at different crack lengths and different loading forces for male and female. In order to evaluate the stress intensity factor (KI) of the femur shaft of long bone, this research employed finite element method to predict the brittle fracture loading by using three-point bending test. The result of numerical test found that the crack was formed when the crack length reached 0.0022 m where KI values are proportional with the crack's length. Also, various loading forces in range of 400 N to 1000 N were applied in an attempt to study their effect on stress intensity factor and it was found that the female dimension has higher KI values compared to male. It was also observed that K values found by this method have good agreement with theoretical results based on previous research.