Shahriman Abu Bakar
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Preferred name
Shahriman Abu Bakar
Official Name
Shahriman, Abu Bakar
Alternative Name
Bakar, Shahriman A.B.
Shariman, A. B.
Ab, Shahriman
Abu Bakar, S.
Bakar, A. S.
Bakar, S. A.
Bakar, Shahriman Abu
Bakar, Sharifah Adzila Syed Abu
Bakar, S. Abu
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57196198202
Researcher ID
ELT-0087-2022

Research Output

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  • Publication
    A review of the application and effectiveness of heat storage system using phase change materials in the built environment
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Newby S.
    ;
    Hassani V.
    ;
    Ya'akub S.R.
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    Global warming is the most significant threat that civilization faced within the 21st century. Buildings, which account for 40% of global consumption of energy and greenhouse gas emissions, play a key role in global warming. It is estimated that their destructive impact will grow by 1.8 percent per year by 2050, indicating that future energy consumption and emissions will be more critical than they are today. Therefore, the use of a latent heat storage system using phase change materials (PCM) is one of the effective ways of storing thermal energy and has the advantages of high-energy storage density and the isothermal nature of the storage process. PCM has been widely used in latent heat thermal storage systems for heat pumps, solar engineering, and spacecraft thermal control applications. Thermal energy conservation by latent heat is an ideal way to increase the thermal inertia of building envelopes, which would minimize temperature fluctuations, contributing to increased occupants' thermal comfort. For this reason, high-density PCM can be used effectively. This paper reviews recent studies of the application and effectiveness of using PCM in the built environment.
  • Publication
    Tensile characterizations of oil palm empty fruit bunch (Opefb) fibres reinforced composites in various epoxy/fibre fractions
    ( 2022-10-15)
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Tamrin S.B.M.
    ;
    Israr H.A.
    ;
    Anas Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Guan N.Y.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Kamis N.A.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) single fibers and reinforced composites were comprehensively characterized through tensile tests to assess their performance as potential reinforcing materials in polymer composites. The performances of OPEFB single fibers and reinforced composites with untreated and treated fibers conditions were compared. The fibers were variously treated with 3% sodium hydroxide, 2% silane, 3% sodium hydroxide mixed with 2% silane, and 3% sodium hydroxide prior to 2% silane for 2 hours soaking time. The highest toughness of the single fibers test was then selected to proceed with composites fabrication. The OPEFB composites were fabricated in 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40 epoxy-fibre fractions. The result shows that the selected treated fiber composite exhibits better performance. The selected treated fiber composite increased the highest ultimate tensile strength by 145.3% for the 90:10 fraction. The highest Young’s Modulus was increased by about 166.7% for 70:30 fraction. Next, the highest toughness was increased by 389.5% for the 30:70 fraction. The treated fibers provided a better interlocking mechanism between the matrix and fibers in reinforced composites, thus improving their interfacial bonding.
  • Publication
    Quantifying the Impact of Drilling Parameters on Temperature Elevation within Bone during the Process of Implant Site Preparation
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Kamarrudin N.S.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Noor S.N.F.M.
    This study aimed to elucidate the influences of several drilling parameters on bone temperature during drilling, as excessive heat generation can cause thermal bone damage and affect post-surgery recovery. In vitro drilling tests were conducted on bovine femoral shaft cortical bone specimens. The parameters considered included tool rotational speed (s), feed rate (f), tool diameter (d), and drill tip angles of 118° and 135°. Drilling temperatures were studied across a range of 800–2000 rpm rotational speeds, 20–40 mm/min feed rates, and 2–4 mm drill diameters. A predictive statistical model was constructed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) revealed that rotational speed significantly impacted temperature increase, contributing to 59.74% of observed temperature rises. Drill diameter accounted for 16.21% of temperature variations, while feed rate contributed to 10.04% of the temperature rises. The study provides valuable insights into the predominant factors affecting bone temperature during drilling. Understanding these parameters and their interplay is pivotal for optimizing drilling conditions and minimizing potential thermal damage to bones.
  • Publication
    Numerical investigation of immersion cooling performance for Lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery: effects of dielectric fluids and flow velocity
    (IOP Publishing, 2023)
    A Z A Akmal
    ;
    Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani
    ;
    Wong Keng Yinn
    ;
    Mohd Ibthisham Ardani
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Kamarulzaman Kamarudin
    ;
    M S A Kadir
    ;
    Rishan Murali
    ;
    Sukport Sunan
    This study investigates the enhancement of immersion cooling performance for a single 14.6 Ah lithium-ion polymer (LiPo) battery cell by using air, palm oil, and engineered fluid (3M Novec 7000) as dielectric fluids. The research aims to observe the temperature distribution and rate of heat transfer on the battery cell at a 3C discharge rate, while varying the fluid velocity flow (0 mm/s, 1 mm/s, and 50 mm/s) and fluid types. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations were performed using ANSYS Fluent software, with heat generation from the LiPo battery simulated using the Newman, Tiedmann, Gu, and Kim (NTGK) semi-empirical electrochemical model. Results revealed that palm oil demonstrated the optimum cooling effect, reducing peak temperature to safe operating temperature region by 62.4% within 1020 seconds. Fluid flow velocity strongly influenced temperature distribution and heat transfer rates, with 50 mm/s resulting in a more uniform temperature distribution compared to 1 mm/s and 0 mm/s. The rate of heat transfer was highest at 1 mm/s and intermediate at 50 mm/s. Considering the abundance of palm oil in Malaysia, utilizing it as the dielectric fluid with a 50 mm/s flow velocity yields the best cooling effect for the 14.6 Ah LiPo battery at a 3C discharge rate.
  • Publication
    Lower extremity joint reaction forces and plantar fascia strain responses due to incline and decline walking
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul Yamin
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar
    Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the effect of incline and decline walking on ground and joint reaction forces (JRF) of lower extremity and plantar fascia strain (PFS) under certain surface inclination angles. Methods: Twenty-three male subjects walked on a customized platform with four different surface inclinations (i.e., 0°, 5°,7.5° and 10°) with inclined and declined directions. The motion of the ten reflective markers was captured using Qualysis motion capture system (Qualysis, Gothenburg, Sweden) and exported to a visual three-dimensional (3D) software (C-motion, Germantown, USA) in order to analyze the GRF, JRF and PFS. Results: The results found that the peak vertical GRF is almost consistent for 0° and 5° inclination slope but started to decrease at 7.5° onwards during decline walking. The most affected JRF was found on knee at medial-lateral direction even as low as 5°, to 10° inclination for both walking conditions. Furthermore, the findings also show that the JRF of lower extremity was more affected during declined walking compared to inclined walking based on the number of significant differences observed in each inclination angle. The PFS was found increased with the increase of surface inclination. Conclusions: The findings could provide a new insight on the relationship of joint reaction forces and strain parameter in response to the incline and decline walking. It would benefit in providing a better precaution that should be considered during hiking activity, especially in medial-lateral direction in order to prevent injury or fall risk.
      4
  • Publication
    Engine performance enhancement by improving heat transfer in between exhaust valve and valve seat through CFD (transient thermal) simulation
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Aziz I.A.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Azizi Harun
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani
    ;
    Rishan Murali
    The combustion of the internal combustion engine results in high heat and pressure produce as exhaust gas. The high-temperature exhaust gas will transfer the heat to surrounding via convection, conduction, and radiation. In the combustion chamber, the exhaust valve and its seat will reach high temperatures due to hot gases exit through the engine exhaust port. This high temperature must be reduced to avoid damaging the engine. In this project, the existing material of the valve seat is tested using computational fluid dynamics simulation for heat analysis. Simulation of transient thermal is conducted to study the detailed behavior of heat transfer of the valve and valve seat in the engine. Four copper-based material of the valve seat is selected which is beryllium copper, chromium copper, brass, bronze are simulated. In the simulation, the brass valve seat has the highest heat absorbance rate which averagely 30% higher than cast iron valve seat in terms of temperature differences. Most of the copper-based valve seat can absorb averagely 10% to 30% more heat than cast iron valve seat depends on the material's thermal conductivity.
      4  25
  • Publication
    An Experimental Framework for Assessing Emotions of Stroke Patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG)
    ( 2020-06-17)
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Yean C.W.
    ;
    Murugappan M.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Nurhafizah S.
    This research aims to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Since emotion and health are interrelated, thus it is important to analyse the emotional states of stroke patients for neurofeedback treatment. Moreover, the conventional methods for emotional assessment in stroke patients are based on observational approaches where the results can be fraud easily. The observational-based approaches are conducted by filling up the international standard questionnaires or face to face interview for symptom recognition from psychological reactions of patients and do not involve experimental study. This paper introduces an experimental framework for assessing emotions of the stroke patient. The experimental protocol is designed to induce six emotional states of the stroke patient in the form of video-audio clips. In the experiments, EEG data are collected from 3 groups of subjects, namely the stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), the stroke patients with right brain damage (RBD), and the normal control (NC). The EEG signals exhibit nonlinear properties, hence the non-linear methods such as the Higher Order Spectra (HOS) could give more information on EEG in the signal's analysis. Furthermore, the EEG classification works with a large amount of complex data, a simple mathematical concept is almost impossible to classify the EEG signal. From the investigation, the proposed experimental framework able to induce the emotions of stroke patient and could be acquired through EEG.
      1  11
  • Publication
    Modelling on Impact of Building Obstruction for V2I Communication Link in Micro Cellular Environment
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Turner J.S.C.
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Azizi Harun
    ;
    Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad
    ;
    Isa M.N.
    ;
    Ismail R.C.
    ;
    Ndzi D.L.
    ;
    Hashim M.S.M.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Ramli M.F.
    In vehicular communication, signal transmission in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) mode typically takes place on highways, urban, suburban and rural environments. The presence of buildings in these environments poses a challenge to model path loss (PL) due to multiple propagation mechanisms such as diffractions and reflections. However, very little attention has been made to address building effects on the performance of V2I communication links in microcell environment. This paper investigates signal propagation characteristics caused by the impact of building under micro-cellular environment whereby the base station or road-side-unit (RSU) is usually located under the rooftop of building to allow communication between RSU and mobile station or on-board-unit (OBU) on the road. The goal of this paper is to validate and discuss available path loss models based on effect of building obstruction towards RSU-OBU links specifically in residential housing area. The channel measurements are conducted based on static line-of-sight (LOS) settings of a real-world environment at 2.4 GHz frequency band using IEEE 802.15.4 XBee S2C compliant device to measure its receive power. The results are demonstrated based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and root mean square error (RMSE). The attenuation profile is validated and compared with suitable path loss models to evaluate best fit and most compatible model based on our measurements data and environment. The analysis shows that several V2I path loss models and V2V channel models are applicable to be used as a reference to model in LOS microcell environment with building obstruction. The finding shows that PL Urban yields the best fit V2I path loss model in terms of RMSE when compared to our measurement campaign at 2.4 GHz.
      2
  • Publication
    Investigation of the Brain Activation Pattern of Stroke Patients and Healthy Individuals During Happiness and Sadness
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Choong W.Y.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Murugappan M.
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Abdul Hamid Adom
    ;
    Bong S.Z.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    This study aimed to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients and normal people using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in happiness and sadness. The brain behaviors under both emotional states in the EEG signal were analyzed through signal processing methods. In this study, the EEG signals of normal control (NC) and stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD) and right brain damage (RBD) were analyzed through Hjorth parameters. The extracted Hjorth parameters showed significant differences between happiness and sadness in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, which implied the two emotions exhibiting different brain behavior in different EEG bands. The topographic mapping of the Hjorth parameters presented different activation patterns in the subject groups, and the higher frontal activation can be observed from the NC group for both emotions. Also, the Hjorth Mobility and Complexity parameters were lower in LBD and RBD in the frontal regions of the alpha band. The significant difference channels between the emotions were analyzed by statistical analysis using ANOVA. Moreover, the features of each subject group were used for emotion classification by the application of machine learning-based algorithm. The KNN classification results achieved an average accuracy of 92.35% for NC, 90.84% for LBD, and 95.59% for RBD in classifying happiness and sadness. The emotion classification showed that the emotional dominance frequency bands were the beta and gamma bands. However, the alpha band activity showed left frontal lateralization in the NC group, while right frontal lateralization in the LBD and RBD groups suggested different brain activation of the stroke groups and the controls during happiness and sadness, which reflected the emotional impairment in stroke groups.
      1  17
  • Publication
    Investigating the Effect of Individuality Factors in Measuring Aggression induced by Human Brain
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Xutung K.
    ;
    Lugieswaran M.
    ;
    Mustafa W.A.
    ;
    Ali H.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mokhtar N.
    Aggression is a behaviour of human that may cause physical or emotional harm to others. Several factors that cause aggressive behaviour such as physical health, mental health and socioeconomic. Many previous researchers reported that aggression could be measured through either questionnaire or the brain signals. This paper proposes the experimental studies to collect the brain signal of the human subject for investigating the effect of individuality in aggression. Ten subjects are selected to perform the aggression activities. The experimental protocol for inducing aggression is proposed. In general, there are four tasks which is collecting brain data in relaxing state before and after the experiments, and data collection while playing game in muted and maximum volume levels. In the experiments, the subject are required to play a popular non-violence smart phone game named “Subway Surfers” and at the same time the EEG signals are recorded from the subject’s brain. In the signal pre-processing stage, a Butterworth filter is used to remove the noises contain in the signals. A windowing technique is employed for extracting significant features. A Pearson correlation technique is used to reduce and remain the less and most significant features. In the methodologies, the aggressiveness level A, is defined to investigate the effect of individuality in inducing the aggression signals. The proposed experimental protocol and signal processing techniques are seen able to generate level of aggression.
      1  25