Ahmad Faizal Salleh
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Ahmad Faizal Salleh
Official Name
Ahmad Faizal, Salleh
Alternative Name
Ahmad Faizal, S.
Salleh, A.
Salleh, Ahmad Faizal
Faizal, S. Ahmad
Mohd Salleh, A. F.
Salleh, A. F.
Salleh, Ahmad Faizal Bin
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  • Publication
    Accelerometer-based physical fatigue assessment in 400 meter running event
    ( 2021-05-03)
    Atiya S.O.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Norasmadi Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Saidatul A.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Hamzah S.
    Monitoring physical fatigue and capacity is important in high-performance environments to optimize the training stimulus and minimize unplanned physical fatigue. For that purpose, accelerometer sensors have emerged as a tool with the potential to measure and reflect changes in runner's acceleration. An accelerometer was used to measure the acceleration patterns which provided an analogue signal that could analyzed further by using different feature extractions. This research was aimed to estimate the location of physical fatigue occurrence in 400 m running. Basically, the experiments were conducted in outdoor track field, 6 subjects were involved, with age ranging between 19-24 years. In this study, two features have been used which are root mean square (RMS) and player load (PL) to indicate fatigue. The obtained results have shown that there were declines in the player load values in the last 150 m of running for most of the subjects which indicate occurrence of physical fatigue. On the other hand, some subjects have tried to save their energy in the 2nd and 3rd 100 m to speed up again in the last 100 m but there were obvious decrements in their player load in 400 m compared to the 1 100 m of running.
  • Publication
    The Influence of Saracen Archery Grasping Techniques and Forearm Muscles Activation on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery: A Pilot Study
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Kamarudin N.F.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Kasim M.F.
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    The purpose of this study is to understand the influence of four grasping techniques recommended by Saracen Archery and associated forearm muscles activation on traditional archer’s shooting performance. Each archer has shot 6 arrows in each grasping technique to the target, EMG activities of muscle Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (MFDS) and muscle Extensor Digitorum (MED) were collected in bow arm during aiming phase. The shooting performance was indicated by the distance from arrow hitting point on the target to the bull’s eye. The results revealed that each subject has specific grasping technique to obtain the best shooting performance. The grasping technique that generated the best performance is not as recommended by Saracen Archery. All subjects indicated that the best shooting performance was obtained when MED activated more than MFDS.
  • Publication
    The impact of tourism performance on sports industry in Thailand and Indonesia
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Mohammad Harith Amlus
    ;
    Rashid I.M.A.
    ;
    Samah I.H.A.
    ;
    Nazmizan Muhammad
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah
    The COVID-19 epidemic has thrown Indonesia's sports calendar into confusion, with many high-profile sporting events rescheduled or postponed for the foreseeable future. Tourism is one of the greatest vital sectors pouring the Thai economy, which can constantly generate great income for Thailand and Indonesia. The number of international tourist arrivals to Thailand in 2018 reached 38.12 million people and Indonesia sport tourism received 250,000 foreign tourists in 2018. Based on an all-encompassing approach, this research has exposed that integrating various strategies for tourism expansion with sound government policies and proactive management practices have led to significant positive outcomes towards mutual success of tourism sectors of Thailand. Additionally, the paper delivers considered policy to drive long-lasting enhancements in tourism sector, exchange rate and service sectors through efficient management and intelligent utilization of resources in tourism sector. The recent shocks in provide and demand within the world aren't because of sudden economic reasons. Indeed, associated with Covid-19 that causes speedily spreading world health issues and life threats round the world coping with the social issues created by Covid-19 pandemic, they ought to not neglect the economic changes created by this pandemic. The government-ordered lockdowns have discontinuous life for billions and within the same time creates economic collapse situation. The foremost vital of those economic changes in developing countries with high fragility is exchange rates caused by sports and tourism industry, as a result of exchange rates will directly have an effect on several economics variables, from inflation to foreign trade, from the balance of payments to interests. Therefore, this analysis calculates the result of COVID-19 to sports and tourism business for affected countries within the worldwide. Thus, this study evaluated the impact tourism performance to detect the economic changes in sports industry.
  • Publication
    Influence of Carrying Unstable Load on Thoracic Kinematics While Walking on a Curved Path
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Ngoc D.K.
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nurhidayah Omar
    ;
    Basarrudin K.S.
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Halim I.
    ;
    Usman J.
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    This study investigated the effect of carrying unstable load on thoracic kinematics while walking on a curved path. Three-dimensional spinal kinematics were defined as the rotations between thoracic and the Virtual laboratory coordinate system (Tho/ Virtual lab) which consisted of lateral bending (LB), flexion/extension (FE) and axial rotation (AR) in the frontal plane, sagittal plane and transverse plane, respectively. Eight healthy young adults (4 males and 4 females) performed loads carrying and walking on one meter radius curved path. Spinal kinematics was determined at the left leg heel strike and just before the right toe off during the curved path walking. As a result, a significant main effect of load intensity was found only on FE of (Tho/Virtual lab) at both left leg heel strike and right leg toe off. The study concluded that an increase in the load intensity of unstable load from 10% of body weight likely to generate more thorax extension.
  • Publication
    Effect of sloped walking on ground and joint reaction forces
    (AIP publishing, 2023)
    Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul Yamin
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    N. Z. A. C. Zahar
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Zahran Khudzari
    Sloped walking is commonly known to be benefited to health. However, the increase of GRF that contribute to increment to JRF during inclined walking compared to level-ground walking also has been a concern in preventing injury. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of sloped walking in comparison with level-ground walking to GRF and JRF at hip, knee and ankle joints. Ten healthy male participants (age: 24 ± 1.2 years old with normal body mass index (BMI)) were asked to walk at preferred speed on customized ramp at the slopes of -5°, 0° and 5°. Kinematic data were captured with five-camera motion capture system (Qualysis Track Motion). Kinetic data were measured with two force plate (Bertex) which embedded into the ramp. A musculoskeletal model (Visual 3D C-motion) was used to assess joint reaction force (JRF) of lower limb. Result show that peak value of mean GRF as well as maximum JRF at all joints of lower limb were higher during sloped walking compared to level-ground walking. In addition, the maximum JRF at hip is the highest, followed by knee and ankle for all walking conditions. GRF had a significant influence to the JRF at lower limb during inclined and declined walking where sloped walking have a higher force at all joints of lower limb than level- ground walking. Therefore, a suitable walking strategy in adapting the forces demand is required in preventing any slope slippage and/or vertical body instability that might lead to musculoskeletal injury.
  • Publication
    Statistical analysis of postural stability during gait for adults between normal and simulated abnormal gaits
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Xing Hui Wong
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohamad Azlan Mohamed Shapie
    Walking is a common but complex daily activity for human. Walking is done when one leg is elevated and moved forward by flexing the hips and knee. Walking involves association of central nervous system, motor and sensory system. It has been previously shown that disrupted neural communication and musculoskeletal constraints may impair postural control and stability during gait and increase fall risk. Previous research have reported that distance between centre of pressure (COP) and centre of mass (COM) are suitable to study postural stability of patients that is affected by HSP disease. There is no research studied about normal and four types of simulated abnormal gaits which include hemiplegic, diplegic, bilaterally asymmetry and hunchback by analysing COP and COM. Fifteen male subjects and fifteen female subjects were involved in this research. Performances of subjects were captured with QTM system and analysed by Visual 3D software. For females, there was a significant difference in normal and hemiplegic gait in AP direction. For males, normal, hemiplegic and bilaterally asymmetry showed significant differences in AP direction while normal and diplegic demonstrated significant difference in ML direction. This finding concluded that COP-COM method can be suggested for clinical research and rehabilitation purpose.
      1  8
  • Publication
    Assessments of cognitive state of Mitragyna speciosa (ketum) users during relaxation state
    ( 2023-02-21)
    Fadhilah A.W.
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Rashid R.A.
    ;
    Palaniappan R.
    ;
    Mutusamy H.
    ;
    Helmy K.
    The abuse of Mitragyna speciosa or commonly known as ketum leaves is widespread across Asian countries. Ketum leaves that were originally used as medicine were abused for the purpose of deluding their minds. As it has intoxicated properties that similar to drugs, EEG signals of ketum users may differ from normal people as the ketum may alter the brain signal and the cognitive state of ketum users may decrease. Therefore, this study was conducted to assess the cognitive state between ketum users and non-ketum users in terms of their relaxation state by using brain signal characteristics. A total of 8 subjects were involved in the experimental session. The 8 subjects were divided into two groups which are 4 subjects were ketum users for at least one year while the other 4 subjects were non-ketum users, had enough sleep for at least 6 hours and had no mental disorders. The EEG data was recorded during awaken relaxed state and was filtered using a notch filter and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to remove the powerline artefacts, eye blinking and eye movement. Stockwell Transform was used to reduce the amount of the large data and extract useful features from the signal. Student's t-test is performed in order to compute the percentages of the differences between the ketum users and non-ketum users in each brain lobe. Mean of Shannon Entropy, mean of Tsallis Entropy, and mean of Hurst Exponent features used were able to elucidate the differences in brain activities between the two groups investigated.
      3  27
  • Publication
    Effect between cadence and lower extremity muscle activity during uphill cycling to cyclist performance
    ( 2020)
    Yvonne Koay Ee Vorn
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    U.N.N. Abdullah
    ;
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    Cycling is an exercise performing in a vertically reciprocating movement using bicycle which usually serves as sport equipment for training and as transport. Great quantity of lower extremity muscle contraction involved in uphill cycling. In the past few decades, research related to cycling includes study of lower limb muscle activity by various situation applied. However, few research studies on the lower limb muscle activation level with varying cadence during uphill cycling. Thus, this task proposes to investigate the effect of pedalling cadence and tilting angle of cycling on lower extremity muscle activity, and to compare the muscle activation level between genders. Three pedalling cadences (70rpm, 80rpm and 90rpm) and two tilting angles of cycling inclination (10° and 30°) were set. Electromyography (EMG) measurements of the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis in quadriceps were done and collected from 5 males and 5 females during cycling. ANOVA analysis was performed, and results indicated that pedaling cadence had significant influence on the lower extremity muscle activity (p < 0.05). Increasing pedaling cadence caused a significant increase in the muscle activation of the vastus lateralis. For gender effect, females tend to have a higher muscle activation level and significantly greater vastus lateralis muscle activity than males during cycling. On the other hand, no significant differences in peak muscle activity at both tilting angles of cycling and no significant interaction effect in all group comparison.
      3  26
  • Publication
    Non-invasive Detection of Ketum Users through Objective Analysis of EEG Signals
    ( 2021-11-25)
    Nawayi S.H.
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Rashid R.A.
    ;
    Planiappan R.
    ;
    Lim C.C.
    ;
    Fook C.Y.
    ;
    Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang
    Ketum leaves are traditionaly used for treatment of backpain and reduce fatigue. However, in recent years people use ketum leaves to substitute traditional drugs as they can easily be obtained at a low cost. Currently, a robust test for ketum detection is not available. Although ketum usage detection via test strip is available, however, the method is possible to be polluted by other substances and can be manipulated. Brain signals have unique characteristics and are well-known as a robust method for recognition and disease detection. Thus, this study has been done to distinguish between ketum users and non-users via brain signal characteristics. Eight participants were chosen, four of whom are heavy ketum users and four non-users with no health issues. Data were collected using the eegoSports device in relaxed state. In pre-processing, notch filter and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) were used to remove artifacts. Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT) was used to reduce the large data dimension and extract features from the brain signal. To select the most significant features, T-Test was used. Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbour, and Ensemble classifier were used to categorize the input data into ketum users and non-users. Ensemble classifier was found to be able to predict the testing instances with 100% accuracy for open and closed eyes task with Teager energy and energy to standard deviation ratio as the features.
      30  3
  • Publication
    The economic determinants of sports industry in Malaysia
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Mohammad Harith Amlus
    ;
    Rashid I.M.A.
    ;
    Samah I.H.A.
    ;
    Nazmizan Muhammad
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah
    Sports thought-about united of the foremost vital components in national development. Since independence in 1957, Malaysian government has place such a lot efforts and measures on sports development. Asian nation sporadically goes through periods of distress associated with sport performance. Asian nation spends plenty of cash and experience on its high performance athletes. Programs facilitate high athletes perform higher in coaching, endure injury, train the mental facet of performance, and aid athletes and coaches in alternative areas similarly. this can be cash that's well spent. Indeed, if the govt. goes to pay cash supporting sport this can be wherever these funds belong. The Malaysian tourism sector has widened its scope by venturing into extreme sports tourism. With this new development, tourism opportunities square measure created and boosting the Malaysian tourism business growth. the aim of this paper is to see the predictors of sports tourism involvement in Asian nation from the economics perspective. The recent shocks in provide and demand within the world aren't because of sudden economic reasons. Indeed, associated with Covid-19 that causes speedily spreading world health issues and life threats round the world coping with the social issues created by Covid-19 pandemic, they ought to not neglect the economic changes created by this pandemic. The government-ordered lockdowns have discontinuous life for billions and within the same time creates economic collapse situation. The foremost vital of those economic changes in developing countries with high fragility is exchange rates caused by sports and tourism industry, as a result of exchange rates will directly have an effect on several economics variables, from inflation to foreign trade, from the balance of payments to interests. Therefore, this analysis calculates the result of COVID-19 to sports and tourism business for affected countries within the worldwide. This study evaluated the impact using supply and demand curve to detect the economic changes in tourism industry. Lastly, tourism and sports sector became an intermingled strategy for several nations to get important value. Malaysia, for instance, in its National Key Economic space (NKEA) under the tourism sector indicates international sports events as a serious economic activity to push.
      1  33