Ruslizam Daud
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Ruslizam Daud
Official Name
Ruslizam, Daud
Alternative Name
Daud, Ruslizam
Daud, R.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
24479667400
Researcher ID
F-5221-2010

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  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of thin intermetallic compound layer fractures
    ( 2017)
    Ooi Eang Pang
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    A thin intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder ball joint induces strong stress concentration between the pad and solder where a crack propagated near the IMC layer. The fracture mechanism of the IMC layer is complex due to the effect of IMC thickness, crack length, solder thickness and Young’s Modulus. At present, there is still an undefined exact geometrical model correlation for numerical simulations of IMC layer fracture. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy of IMC layer models subjected to crack-to-width length ratio (a/W) in correlation with the ASTM E399-83 Srawley compact specimen model using finite element (FE) analysis. Several FE models with different geometrical configurations have been proposed under 10 MPa tensile loading. In this study, the two dimensional linear elastic displacement extrapolation method (DEM) is formulated to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The study showed that with an error of 0.58% to 0.59%, a width of 2.1 mm and a height of 1.47 mm can be recommended as the best geometrical model for IMC layer fracture modelling which provides a wider range for a/W from 0.45 to 0.85 instead of from 0.45 to 0.55. This result is significant as it presents a method for determining fracture parameters at thin IMC layers with a combination of singular elements with meshes at different densities which is tailored to the Srawley model.
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of thin intermetallic compound layer fractures
    ( 2017)
    Ooi Eang Pang
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abd Majid
    A thin intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder ball joint induces strong stress concentration between the pad and solder where a crack propagated near the IMC layer. The fracture mechanism of the IMC layer is complex due to the effect of IMC thickness, crack length, solder thickness and Young’s Modulus. At present, there is still an undefined exact geometrical model correlation for numerical simulations of IMC layer fracture. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy of IMC layer models subjected to crack-to-width length ratio (a/W) in correlation with the ASTM E399-83 Srawley compact specimen model using finite element (FE) analysis. Several FE models with different geometrical configurations have been proposed under 10 MPa tensile loading. In this study, the two dimensional linear elastic displacement extrapolation method (DEM) is formulated to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The study showed that with an error of 0.58% to 0.59%, a width of 2.1 mm and a height of 1.47 mm can be recommended as the best geometrical model for IMC layer fracture modelling which provides a wider range for a/W from 0.45 to 0.85 instead of from 0.45 to 0.55. This result is significant as it presents a method for determining fracture parameters at thin IMC layers with a combination of singular elements with meshes at different densities which is tailored to the Srawley model.
  • Publication
    Finite element prediction on the chassis design of UniART4 racing car
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Zaman Z
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Mohd Hafif Basha Mohamad Jamel Basha
    ;
    Md Taufiqur Rahman Sarkar
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    This paper presents the analysis and evaluation of the chassis design for University Automotive Racing Team No. 4 (UniART4) car based on finite element analysis. The existing UniART4 car chassis was measured and modelled geometrically using Solidwork before analysed in FEA software (ANSYS). Four types of static structural analysis were used to predict the chassis design capability under four different loading conditions; vertical bending, lateral bending, lateral torsion and horizontal lozenging. The results showed the chassis subjected to the highest stress and strain under horizontal lozenging, whereas the minimum stress and strain response was obtained under lateral bending. The present analysis result could provide valuable information in predicting the sustainability of the current UniART car chassis design.
  • Publication
    Convergence and stress analysis of the homogeneous structure of human femur bone during standing up condition
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Izzawati Basirom
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Noor Alia Md Zain
    Finite element models have been widely used to quantify the stress analysis and to predict the bone fractures of the human body. The present study highlights on the stress analysis of the homogeneous structure of human femur bone during standing up condition. The main objective of this study is to evaluate and understand the biomechanics for human femur bone and to prepare orthotropic homogeneous material models used for FE analysis of the global proximal femur. Thus, it is necessary to investigate critical stress on the human femur bone for future study on implantation of internal fixator and external fixator. The implication possibility to create a valid FE model by simply comparing the FE results with the actual biomechanics structures. Thus, a convergence test was performed by FE model of the femur and the stress analysis based on the actual biomechanics of the human femur bone. An increment of critical stress shows in the femur shaft as the increasing of load on the femoral head and decreasing the pulling force at greater trochanter.
  • Publication
    Quantifying the Impact of Drilling Parameters on Temperature Elevation within Bone during the Process of Implant Site Preparation
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Kamarrudin N.S.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Noor S.N.F.M.
    This study aimed to elucidate the influences of several drilling parameters on bone temperature during drilling, as excessive heat generation can cause thermal bone damage and affect post-surgery recovery. In vitro drilling tests were conducted on bovine femoral shaft cortical bone specimens. The parameters considered included tool rotational speed (s), feed rate (f), tool diameter (d), and drill tip angles of 118° and 135°. Drilling temperatures were studied across a range of 800–2000 rpm rotational speeds, 20–40 mm/min feed rates, and 2–4 mm drill diameters. A predictive statistical model was constructed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) revealed that rotational speed significantly impacted temperature increase, contributing to 59.74% of observed temperature rises. Drill diameter accounted for 16.21% of temperature variations, while feed rate contributed to 10.04% of the temperature rises. The study provides valuable insights into the predominant factors affecting bone temperature during drilling. Understanding these parameters and their interplay is pivotal for optimizing drilling conditions and minimizing potential thermal damage to bones.
  • Publication
    Finite element analysis of proximal femur under static loading during sideway fall
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Wong Kah Poh
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    ;
    Fauzan Djamaluddin
    ;
    Masniezam Ahmad
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamaruddin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    A femoral fracture happens when the femur gains a very high stress concentration during fall and may results in femur fracture. In fact, most of fall-related cases occur in sideways fall. Bone fracture leads to life quality impairment and even life threatening. In this study, the effect of quasi-static loading on the femur bone during sideway fall is investigated by employing Finite Element (FE) software, ANSYS. The FE model is developed and simulated in the different fall conditions; inclination angle of 10° and rotation angle from -20° to 30°. The capacity of the bone is evaluated in terms of von Mises stress and deformation. The highest stress concentration is found at femoral neck region. 30° rotation angle with 10° inclination angle is observed as the critical loading direction at which the femoral neck may results in fracture. The understanding of the effect of loading magnitude and direction on the femoral bone capacity obtained herewith is useful in assisting the medical practitioner to provide better treatment and reduce repeated treatment cases.
  • Publication
    Analysis of crack propagation in human long bone by using finite element modeling
    ( 2017-12-04)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    The aim of this research is to present a numerical modeling of crack for human long bone specifically on femur shaft bone under mode I loading condition. Two - dimensional model (2D) of long bone was developed based on past research study. The finite element analysis and construction of the model are done using Mechanical APDL (ANSYS) v14.0 software. The research was conducted mainly based on two conditions that were at different crack lengths and different loading forces for male and female. In order to evaluate the stress intensity factor (KI) of the femur shaft of long bone, this research employed finite element method to predict the brittle fracture loading by using three-point bending test. The result of numerical test found that the crack was formed when the crack length reached 0.0022 m where KI values are proportional with the crack's length. Also, various loading forces in range of 400 N to 1000 N were applied in an attempt to study their effect on stress intensity factor and it was found that the female dimension has higher KI values compared to male. It was also observed that K values found by this method have good agreement with theoretical results based on previous research.
      42  1
  • Publication
    Parametric investigation on different bone densities to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling process
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Suhaimi M.F.F.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mat F.
    Bone drilling is a universal surgical procedure commonly used for internal fracture fixation, implant placement, or reconstructive surgery in orthopedics and dentistry. The increased temperature during such treatment increases the risk of thermal penetration of the bone, which may delay healing or compromise the fixation's integrity. Thus, avoiding penetration during bone drilling is critical to ensuring the implant's stability, which needs surgical drills with an optimized design. Bovine femur and mandible bones are chosen as the work material since human bones are not available, and they are the closest animal bone to human bone in terms of properties. In the present study, the Taguchi fractional factorial approach was used to determine the best design of surgical drills by comparing the drilling properties (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio and temperature rise). The control factors (spindle speed, drill bit diameter, drill site depth, and their levels) were arranged in an L9 orthogonal array. Drilling experiments were done using nine experimental drills with three repetitions. The findings of this study indicate that the ideal values of the surgical drill's three parameters combination (S1D1Di2) and their percentage contribution are dependent on the drilling levels of the parameters. However, the result shows that the spindle speed has the highest temperature effect among other parameters in both (femur and mandible) bones.
      1  30
  • Publication
    Drill Bit Design and Its Effect on Temperature Distribution and Osteonecrosis During Implant Site Preparation: An Experimental Approach
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Muhammad Faisal Hamidi @ Abdul Rani
    ;
    Ibrahim ii
    In this study, the drilling parameters will be evaluated to obtain optimal parameters in minimizing the impact of drilling damage on synthetic bone blocks. The effect of damage observed in the study is osteonecrosis that occurs in the drill hole for implant site preparation, where a smaller value is desired. The drilling parameters are optimized using the Taguchi method with two control factors: the feed rate and spindle speed; each parameter is designed in five levels. This experiment was then carried out on four different designs of drill bits, i.e., Twist (118°and 135°), spherical, and conical drill bits. While experimental planning uses L25 orthogonal arrays, the "smaller is better" approach is used as a standard analysis. The main findings of this research are 118° point angle twist drill bit is the ideal type of drill bit for bone drilling, as it produces less heat than other types of drill bits. The optimal range of feed rate and drilling speed for bone drilling is 40-60 mm/rev and 1000-1400 RPM, respectively. Combining these parameters helps to minimize heat generation during implant site preparation drilling.
      1  34
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of a synthetic paediatric spine for biomechanical investigation
    (MDPI, 2023)
    Nor Amalina Muhayudin
    ;
    Muhammad Farzik Ijaz
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    Studies on paediatric spines commonly use human adult or immature porcine spines as specimens, because it is difficult to obtain actual paediatric specimens. There are quite obvious differences, such as geometry, size, bone morphology, and orientation of facet joint for these specimens, compared to paediatric spine. Hence, development of synthetic models that can behave similarly to actual paediatric spines, particularly in term of range of motion (ROM), could provide a significant contribution for paediatric spine research. This study aims to develop a synthetic paediatric spine using finite element modelling and evaluate the reliability of the model by comparing it with the experimental data under certain load conditions. The ROM of the paediatric spine was measured using a validated FE model at ±0.5 Nm moment in order to determine the moment required by the synthetic spine to achieve the same ROM. The results showed that the synthetic spine required two moments, ±2 Nm for lateral-bending and axial rotation, and ±3 Nm for flexion-extension, to obtain the paediatric ROM. The synthetic spine was shown to be stiffer in flexion-extension but more flexible in lateral bending than the paediatric FE model, possibly as a result of the intervertebral disc’s simplified shape and the disc’s weak bonding with the vertebrae. Nevertheless, the synthetic paediatric spine has promising potential in the future as an alternative paediatric spine model for biomechanical investigation of paediatric cases.
      14  1