Ruslizam Daud
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Ruslizam Daud
Official Name
Ruslizam, Daud
Alternative Name
Daud, Ruslizam
Daud, R.
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Scopus Author ID
24479667400
Researcher ID
F-5221-2010

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  • Publication
    Parametric investigation on different bone densities to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling process
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Suhaimi M.F.F.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mat F.
    Bone drilling is a universal surgical procedure commonly used for internal fracture fixation, implant placement, or reconstructive surgery in orthopedics and dentistry. The increased temperature during such treatment increases the risk of thermal penetration of the bone, which may delay healing or compromise the fixation's integrity. Thus, avoiding penetration during bone drilling is critical to ensuring the implant's stability, which needs surgical drills with an optimized design. Bovine femur and mandible bones are chosen as the work material since human bones are not available, and they are the closest animal bone to human bone in terms of properties. In the present study, the Taguchi fractional factorial approach was used to determine the best design of surgical drills by comparing the drilling properties (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio and temperature rise). The control factors (spindle speed, drill bit diameter, drill site depth, and their levels) were arranged in an L9 orthogonal array. Drilling experiments were done using nine experimental drills with three repetitions. The findings of this study indicate that the ideal values of the surgical drill's three parameters combination (S1D1Di2) and their percentage contribution are dependent on the drilling levels of the parameters. However, the result shows that the spindle speed has the highest temperature effect among other parameters in both (femur and mandible) bones.
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of thin intermetallic compound layer fractures
    ( 2017)
    Ooi Eang Pang
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    A thin intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder ball joint induces strong stress concentration between the pad and solder where a crack propagated near the IMC layer. The fracture mechanism of the IMC layer is complex due to the effect of IMC thickness, crack length, solder thickness and Young’s Modulus. At present, there is still an undefined exact geometrical model correlation for numerical simulations of IMC layer fracture. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy of IMC layer models subjected to crack-to-width length ratio (a/W) in correlation with the ASTM E399-83 Srawley compact specimen model using finite element (FE) analysis. Several FE models with different geometrical configurations have been proposed under 10 MPa tensile loading. In this study, the two dimensional linear elastic displacement extrapolation method (DEM) is formulated to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The study showed that with an error of 0.58% to 0.59%, a width of 2.1 mm and a height of 1.47 mm can be recommended as the best geometrical model for IMC layer fracture modelling which provides a wider range for a/W from 0.45 to 0.85 instead of from 0.45 to 0.55. This result is significant as it presents a method for determining fracture parameters at thin IMC layers with a combination of singular elements with meshes at different densities which is tailored to the Srawley model.
  • Publication
    Finite element modelling of thin intermetallic compound layer fractures
    ( 2017)
    Ooi Eang Pang
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abd Majid
    A thin intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder ball joint induces strong stress concentration between the pad and solder where a crack propagated near the IMC layer. The fracture mechanism of the IMC layer is complex due to the effect of IMC thickness, crack length, solder thickness and Young’s Modulus. At present, there is still an undefined exact geometrical model correlation for numerical simulations of IMC layer fracture. Thus, this paper aims to determine the accuracy of IMC layer models subjected to crack-to-width length ratio (a/W) in correlation with the ASTM E399-83 Srawley compact specimen model using finite element (FE) analysis. Several FE models with different geometrical configurations have been proposed under 10 MPa tensile loading. In this study, the two dimensional linear elastic displacement extrapolation method (DEM) is formulated to calculate the stress intensity factor (SIF) at the crack tip. The study showed that with an error of 0.58% to 0.59%, a width of 2.1 mm and a height of 1.47 mm can be recommended as the best geometrical model for IMC layer fracture modelling which provides a wider range for a/W from 0.45 to 0.85 instead of from 0.45 to 0.55. This result is significant as it presents a method for determining fracture parameters at thin IMC layers with a combination of singular elements with meshes at different densities which is tailored to the Srawley model.
  • Publication
    Variation of Stress Intensity Factor and Strain Energy Release Rate in Human Cortical Bone Using Finite Element Analysis
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Nur Azila Azahari
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Hamzah Sakeran
    Finite element analysis is an alternative way to study human fracture behaviour as the technology is a leading innovation in biomechanics field. The aim of this study is to analyse the strain intensity factor and strain energyrelease rate when three-point bending test and tensile test were applied on a two-dimensional cortical bone model developed and tested using finite element software, Ansys. K values gained from Data Extrapolation Method (DEM) through Ansys for three-point bending test were compared with CINT method, Hiroshi Tada’s and Allan F. Bower’s theoretical expression while K values from DEM were only been compared with CINT method for tensile test. Meanwhile, J-integral values were obtained through CINT method using Ansys and analysed with different crack-to-width ratios and loads. As a result, stress intensity factor increased as crack-to-width ratio increased and strain energy release rate also increased as crack-to-width ratio and loads increased. It can be concluded that finite element analysis can be used to study the fracture behaviour of human cortical bone.
  • Publication
    Drill Bit Design and Its Effect on Temperature Distribution and Osteonecrosis During Implant Site Preparation: An Experimental Approach
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Muhammad Faisal Hamidi @ Abdul Rani
    ;
    Ibrahim ii
    In this study, the drilling parameters will be evaluated to obtain optimal parameters in minimizing the impact of drilling damage on synthetic bone blocks. The effect of damage observed in the study is osteonecrosis that occurs in the drill hole for implant site preparation, where a smaller value is desired. The drilling parameters are optimized using the Taguchi method with two control factors: the feed rate and spindle speed; each parameter is designed in five levels. This experiment was then carried out on four different designs of drill bits, i.e., Twist (118°and 135°), spherical, and conical drill bits. While experimental planning uses L25 orthogonal arrays, the "smaller is better" approach is used as a standard analysis. The main findings of this research are 118° point angle twist drill bit is the ideal type of drill bit for bone drilling, as it produces less heat than other types of drill bits. The optimal range of feed rate and drilling speed for bone drilling is 40-60 mm/rev and 1000-1400 RPM, respectively. Combining these parameters helps to minimize heat generation during implant site preparation drilling.
  • Publication
    Analysis of crack propagation in human long bone by using finite element modeling
    ( 2017-12-04)
    Mohammad Shahril Salim
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    The aim of this research is to present a numerical modeling of crack for human long bone specifically on femur shaft bone under mode I loading condition. Two - dimensional model (2D) of long bone was developed based on past research study. The finite element analysis and construction of the model are done using Mechanical APDL (ANSYS) v14.0 software. The research was conducted mainly based on two conditions that were at different crack lengths and different loading forces for male and female. In order to evaluate the stress intensity factor (KI) of the femur shaft of long bone, this research employed finite element method to predict the brittle fracture loading by using three-point bending test. The result of numerical test found that the crack was formed when the crack length reached 0.0022 m where KI values are proportional with the crack's length. Also, various loading forces in range of 400 N to 1000 N were applied in an attempt to study their effect on stress intensity factor and it was found that the female dimension has higher KI values compared to male. It was also observed that K values found by this method have good agreement with theoretical results based on previous research.
  • Publication
    Finite element prediction on the chassis design of UniART4 racing car
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Zaman Z
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Mohd Hafif Basha Mohamad Jamel Basha
    ;
    Md Taufiqur Rahman Sarkar
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    This paper presents the analysis and evaluation of the chassis design for University Automotive Racing Team No. 4 (UniART4) car based on finite element analysis. The existing UniART4 car chassis was measured and modelled geometrically using Solidwork before analysed in FEA software (ANSYS). Four types of static structural analysis were used to predict the chassis design capability under four different loading conditions; vertical bending, lateral bending, lateral torsion and horizontal lozenging. The results showed the chassis subjected to the highest stress and strain under horizontal lozenging, whereas the minimum stress and strain response was obtained under lateral bending. The present analysis result could provide valuable information in predicting the sustainability of the current UniART car chassis design.
  • Publication
    Fracture behavior of intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder joints based on finite elements’ simulation result
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Eang Pang Ooi
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Nasrul Amri Mohd Amin
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    ;
    Sulaiman M.H.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Ahmad Kamal Ariffin
    The development of microelectronic industry has made solder joints failure a major reliability issue. From literature, many researchers have identified that intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer contribute greatly to the fracture of solder joint. This paper presents a finite element modeling of solder butt joints IMC layer failure based on displacement extrapolation method (DEM). Conceptual study on single edge crack of IMC solder joints is presented. A FE analytical model is proposed to be used in difference range of crack length to understand the fracture behavior of solder joint of IMC layer. The simulation results show that soldering material become less tough if greater crack length is present in the joint. It also seen that the thicker IMC has slightly reduced the stress intensity factor on the crack tip but the change from solder to IMC layer decrease the solder joint fracture toughness.
  • Publication
    Energy release rate analysis on the interface cracks of enamel-cement-bracket fracture using virtual crack closure technique
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Syafiq Farhan Samshuri
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Rozita Hassan
    This paper presents the energy method to evaluate fracture behavior of enamel-cement-bracket system based on cement thickness. Finite element (FE) model of enamel-cement-bracket was constructed by using ANSYS Parametric Design Language (APDL). Three different thickness were used in this study, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.271 mm which assigned as thin, medium and thick for both enamel-cement and cement bracket interface cracks. Virtual crack closure technique (VCCT) was implemented as a simulation method to calculated energy release rate (ERR). Simulation results were obtained for each thickness are discussed by using Griffith's energy balance approach. ERR for thin thickness are found to be the lowest compared to medium and thick. Peak value of ERR also showed a significant different between medium and thick thickness. Therefore, weakest bonding occurred at low cement thickness because less load required to produce enough energy to detach the bracket. For medium and thick thickness, both increased rapidly in energy value at about the mid-point of the enamel-cement interface. This behavior occurred because of the increasing in mechanical and surface energy when the cracks are increasing. However, result for thick thickness are higher at mid-point compared to thin thickness. In conclusion, fracture behavior of enamel cracking process for medium most likely the safest to avoid enamel fracture and withstand bracket debonding.
  • Publication
    Convergence study of global meshing on enamel-cement-bracket finite element model
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Syafiq Farhan Samshuri
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Abdullah A.B.
    ;
    Ahmad Kamal Ariffin
    This paper presents on meshing convergence analysis of finite element (FE) model to simulate enamel-cement-bracket fracture. Three different materials used in this study involving interface fracture are concerned. Complex behavior ofinterface fracture due to stress concentration is the reason to have a well-constructed meshing strategy. In FE analysis, meshing size is a critical factor that influenced the accuracy and computational time of analysis. The convergence study meshing scheme involving critical area (CA) and non-critical area (NCA) to ensure an optimum meshing sizes are acquired for this FE model. For NCA meshing, the area of interest are at the back of enamel, bracket ligature groove and bracket wing. For CA meshing, area of interest are enamel area close to cement layer, the cement layer and bracket base. The value of constant NCA meshing tested are meshing size 1 and 0.4. The value constant CA meshing tested are 0.4 and 0.1. Manipulative variables are randomly selected and must abide the rule of NCA must be higher than CA. This study employed first principle stresses due to brittle failure nature of the materials used. Best meshing size are selected according to convergence error analysis. Results show that, constant CA are more stable compare to constant NCA meshing. Then, 0.05 constant CA meshing are tested to test the accuracy of smaller meshing. However, unpromising result obtained as the errors are increasing. Thus, constant CA 0.1 with NCA mesh of 0.15 until 0.3 are the most stable meshing as the error in this region are lowest. Convergence test was conducted on three selected coarse, medium and fine meshes at the range of NCA mesh of 0.15 until 3 and CA mesh area stay constant at 0.1. The result shows that, at coarse mesh 0.3, the error are 0.0003% compare to 3% acceptable error. Hence, the global meshing are converge as the meshing size at CA 0.1 and NCA 0.15 for this model.