Baharuddin Ismail
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Baharuddin Ismail
Official Name
Baharuddin, Ismail
Alternative Name
Ismail, Baharuddin Bin
Ismail, Baharudidn
Ismailf, B.
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Scopus Author ID
24447820000
Researcher ID
GEW-9377-2022

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  • Publication
    Review of Edge-based Image Segmentation on Electrical Tree Classification in Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) Insulation
    ( 2021-06-11)
    Mohd Annuar Mohd Isa
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Afifah Shuhada Rosmi
    ;
    Isa M.
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Kamarol M.
    ;
    Mansor N.S.
    ;
    Nazar N.S.M.
    Electrical trees are the degradation events most linked with partial discharge (PD) activity in cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation of high voltage (HV) cables. To investigate tree structures and forms, study of electrical tree structures for morphological analysis often carried out using optical microscopy. However, since the noise induced by the occlusion and illumination, as well as by non-uniform intensity either from optical device's setting or the non-standard readout procedure, causes the deterioration of the original microscopy images, resulting in critically loses of information pertaining the tree structures making it difficult to obtained accurate measurement. Image segmentation is one of the potential solutions as it is well-suited for extracting information or certain features from microscopy images. This paper provides review of several segmentation techniques applied on the classification of electrical tree image acquired through lab environment. The works can be separated into three stages. The first step includes the preparation of samples and collection of treeing images by means of real-time microscopy observations. The captured data would then be pre-processed to achieve image binarization. In the next step, image segmentation process is conducted using existing edge-based segmentation methods including Prewitt, Roberts, Canny and Kirsch's templates. Later, comparative analysis will be performed using IQA (image quality assessment) metrics of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, false-positive-rate and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (MCC) as the final step. Performance-wise indicates that Kirsch's template able to segment most of the treeing pixels with accuracy of 97.63%, 63% sensitivity, 98.18% specificity and 0.46 MCC while showing low pixels misclassification. This result provides better justification for the integration of the edge-based technique in developing image segmentation algorithm well-matched for the electrical tree analysis in the future.
  • Publication
    Influence of Electrical Tree Characterization Change Based on Tree Inception Voltage in HV Solid Insulation
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Abdulah C.S.K.
    ;
    Rosmi A.S.
    ;
    Isa M.A.M.
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Kamarol M.
    ;
    Yii C.C.
    ;
    Al-Attabi K.
    ;
    Almoussawi Z.A.
    To improve accuracy of degradation diagnosis for HV solid insulation, it is important to clarify the mechanism of inception and characterization of electrical-tree. In this paper, the study of influence between TIV and electrical tree characterization was done in a laboratory experiment by monitoring the TIV values and electrical tree propagation. This experiment involve using charged couple device camera (CCD) to capture and record the electrical tree thorough the experiment, a microscope to enlarge the needle tip that was inserted into the XLPE sample, and finally a personal computer to display the whole treeing growth process. Then, the voltage was injected into sample of XPLE constantly until the electrical tree start to initiate at the needle tip. As a result, the electrical tree take form based on the TIV, small number of TIV produce a less dense electrical tree compare to higher value of TIV. Additionally, denser electrical tree propagates faster and may lead to early breakdown.
  • Publication
    Comparative Study of Multiphase 5-Level Cascaded H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter System
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Zawawi M.N.M.
    ;
    Zainuddin Mat Isa
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Arshad
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Talib M.H.N.
    In terms of cost and structural design, the cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter (CHBMLI) has a significant advantage over diode clamped and capacitor clamped multilevel inverters. The total harmonic distortion (THD) of a 5-level CHBMLI system for three different phases (single-phase, three-phase, and six-phase system) is studied and compared in this work. As switching angles play a role in lowering THD, the switching angles for a 5-level CHBMLI are evaluated using four specific switching angle methods in the initial section of this paper. In the simulation of single-phase system, these angles are being utilized. The angles with the lowest THD value are chosen for three-phase and six-phase system simulation. Based on the findings, the higher phase of 5-level CHBMLI is more efficient in decreasing harmonics.
  • Publication
    Comparative study of optimization algorithms for SHEPWM five-phase multilevel inverter
    (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 2020)
    Muhammad Aniq Shahmi Bin Bimazlim
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Muhammad Zaid Aihsan
    ;
    Siti Khodijah Mazalan
    ;
    Muhammad Sirajuddin Muhammad Azhar Walter
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    Conversion of DC to AC is widely used as an essential need for the power system to harness renewable power source in this era. Multilevel inverter is a mechanism which capable of harnessing these renewable energies. Unfortunately, harmonics occur in the system due to distortions and causing much unwanted problems at the power output. Therefore, the elimination of harmonics and reduce Total Harmonics Distortion (THD) are needed to maintain good power output. Application of Selective Harmonics Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (SHEPWM) can be used in the multilevel inverter to solve the problem. In this paper, optimization algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) and Sine Cosine Algorithm (SCA) were applied for finding suitable switching angle for SHEPWM. The calculated switching angle was applied into seven-level five-phase multilevel inverter for various modulation indexes. In addition, the simulation of the multilevel inverter also done using PSIM software. The results show that the selective lower order harmonics, 3rd and 7th are completely eliminated for all three algorithms. In addition, the time taken for newly discovered algorithms to find switching angles for seven-level five-phase inverter is faster compared to PSO.
  • Publication
    Temperature analysis of single busbar with variation of total harmonic distortion in current
    (Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2025-11)
    Mohd Wafiuddin Yahya
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Afifah Shuhada Rosmi
    ;
    Muhammad Mokhzaini Azizan
    ;
    Chanuri Charin
    ;
    Muhamad Hafiz Ab Aziz
    ;
    Sharulnizam Mohd Mukhtar
    ;
    Yazhar Yatim
    Typically, busbars are used to transmit and distribute currents in a bus duct system. The alarming use of nonlinear loads in the industrial sector or at residentials, such as arc welding, computers, ballast lighting, variable speed drives, and so on, has resulted in the generation of harmonics in current distortion, which are uncontrolled and thus increase heat generation within the system. The research conducted in this paper focuses on the prediction of the heat distribution as well as the analysis on operating temperature of a single busbar with compliance to the British National and International Standard (BS 159: 2014) using the Finite Element Method (FEM) in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The copper busbar dimension used for this research was 20mm x 6mm x 300mm, and the fundamental Root Mean Square (RMS) current was 419.1 A. The size of this busbars can withstand the maximum current of 430 A at a maximum operating temperature of 90°C, which complies with the standard requirement. The fundamental current is injected with variation of total harmonic distortion in current up to 55% with an interval of 5%. According to the findings, the operating temperature increases in direct proportion to the increase in total harmonic distortion with the current injections. With the presence of 55% of total harmonics in the current, the current was increased up to 57.73 A from the fundamental current, while the operating temperature was increased up to 140C from the fundamental temperature. The total harmonics in current produced by the nonlinear loads could affect the operating temperature of the busbars, and this continuous operation of current flow will affect the busbars' lifespan due to the occurrence of overheating.
  • Publication
    Harmonic elimination pulse width modulation for three-phase cascaded multilevel inverter using particle swarm optimization
    ( 2016)
    Baharuddin Ismail
    This research aims to investigate the performance of the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm in computing the harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (HEPWM) switching angles of a five and seven-level three-phase cascaded inverter for non-notch and notch switching. The main problem with HEPWM switching technique is computing the switching angles for a multilevel inverter as it involves a nonlinear equation to be solved. Furthermore, the transition between one level to another level in the multilevel inverter imposes an additional constraint on the sequencing of the switching angles. This constraint can cause the computational procedures for the switching angles calculation to become more complicated. Therefore, the dynamic inertia weight PSO algorithm is implemented in MATLAB environment and the nonlinear transcendental equations for five and seven-level inverter are calculated for the entire modulation index (M). Two and three switching angles are determined for five and seven-level inverter with the non-notch switching type. For five-level inverter notch switching type, sixteen switching angles with 7/9 switching distribution are solved. Whereas, for seven-level inverter notch switching type, seventeen switching angles with 5/5/7 and 3/5/9 switching distribution are solved. The main advantage of this algorithm is the HEPWM solution angles trajectories obtained are free from any discontinuity.
      4  12
  • Publication
    Electrical Tree Investigation on Solid Insulation for High Voltage Applications
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Abdulah C.S.K.
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Isa M.A.M.
    ;
    Afifah Shuhada Rosmi
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Kamarol M.
    Electrical treeing is a major cause of a breakdown in solid insulation cable. This phenomenon reduced aging by degrading the insulation, leading to failure in the high voltage materials. The most common experimental set-up in studying the electrical tree is using a needle electrode to initiate the treeing image. Different types of needle and insulation material had been studied from the previous experiment. This paper review the method used to investigate tree growth and its technique to capture the treeing image. Based on this review, several causes delay the treeing process in the needle embedded experiments. In contrast, 2D image processing is the most frequent image developed in the electrical tree on solid insulation.
      8  33
  • Publication
    The magnetic flux density of various geometries of Rogowski Coil for overvoltage measurements
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Ayob Nazmy Nanyan
    ;
    Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani
    ;
    Muzamir Isa
    ;
    Afifah Shuhada Rosmi
    ;
    Ahmad Zaidi Abdullah
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Haziah Abdul Hamid
    Overvoltage phenomenon is the common problem that always occurs in the power system and can cause the electrical system network breakdown, and in some cases, it may explode. The frequent overvoltage also can affect and degrade the lifespan of the electrical power system components and network. Thus, the overvoltage sensor is needed to overcome this problem matter. The Rogowski coil (RC) is one of an inductive coil group, and it is suitable for measuring the alternating current (AC) and transient currents or overvoltage. This paper demonstrated the effect of RC magnetic flux density, B with difference cross-section, geometries sizing and the number of turns by using Finite Element Method (FEM). Commonly, there are three types of RC widely used; rectangular, circular and oval. Each of these cross-sections has different characteristics in term of performance. The results have shown that the rectangular cross-section is better than oval and circular cross-section based on the number of magnetic flux density.
      29  7
  • Publication
    Maximizing solar power output: a comparative analysis of PSO and SSA in MPPT
    (IEEE, 2023)
    Muhammad Aniq Shahmi Bin Bimazlim
    ;
    Chanuri Charin
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Ashraf Mohammad Issa Bani Ahmad
    ;
    Agus Jamal
    This research investigates the utilization of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and the Salp Swarm Algorithm (SSA) for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) in solar photovoltaic (PV) systems under varying irradiance conditions (200 W/m2, 600 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2). Both algorithms demonstrate commendable MPPT performance, consistently increasing output power as irradiance levels rise. While PSO maintains slightly higher PV voltage values, both algorithms effectively regulate PV current and skillfully manage the duty cycle, keeping it proximate to the Maximum Power Point (MPP). Prompt and stable MPPT operation is evident in both algorithms, ensuring high efficiency and minimal oscillations. These results are crucial for practical PV applications where reliable and efficient power extraction is imperative. The findings underline the robustness and efficiency of both PSO and SSA in MPPT, with only slight distinctions in PV voltage. This comparative analysis offers practical guidance for selecting the most suitable algorithm for specific PV system requirements, contributing to enhanced energy harvesting and MPPT performance. It serves as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the renewable energy field, emphasizing the significance of optimization algorithms in optimizing PV system sustainability.
      8  2
  • Publication
    Diagnostics of oil filled cable terminations
    ( 2006)
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    ;
    Muzamir Isa
    ;
    Baharuddin Ismail
    ;
    Matti Lehtonen
    ;
    Petri Hyvonen
    Cable termination is one of the important components in the electrical power system. A failure of it can cause a long interruption, costly repair and loss of revenue. An existing oil filled cable termination such as rubber tube and porcelain type of cable termination require an observation and preventive maintenance in order to prevent an enormous electrical system failure in future. One of the defects ot this type of oil filled cable termination is lack of insulation oil inside it. The worst case if it becomes totally empty and at the same time there is no approach taht can help detect it. This paper presents the work carried out to find any possible method that can be used to detect a drying out of oil impregnated paper tape cable terminations. Futhermore, the diagnosis has to be used without destroying the terminations. Two diagnosis methods, infrared (IR) thermography and X-ray imaging are reviewed and the diagnosis result is presented. By comparison of two diagnosis method in this work, the X-ray imaging method is the best approach to observe and detect a drying out of paper tape oil impregnated cable terminations.
      5  36