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Publication

A Review of Genetic Algorithm: Operations and Applications

( 2024)

;

This article presents a review of the Genetic Algorithm (GA), a prominent optimization technique inspired by natural selection and genetics. In the context of rapidly evolving computational methodologies, GA have gained considerable attention for their efficacy in solving complex optimization problems across various domains. The background highlights the growing significance of optimization techniques in addressing real-world challenges. However, the inherent complexity and diversity of problems necessitate versatile approaches like GA. The problem statement underscores the need to explore the underlying operations and applications of GA to provide a nuanced understanding of their capabilities and limitations. The objectives of this review encompass delving into the fundamental genetic operators, such as selection, crossover, and mutation, while examining their role in maintaining diversity and converging toward optimal solutions. Methodology-wise, a systematic analysis of existing literature is undertaken to distil key insights and trends in GA applications. The main findings show the adaptability of GA in tackling problems spanning engineering, economics, bioinformatics, and beyond. By facilitating the discovery of optimal or near-optimal solutions within large solution spaces, GA proves its mettle in scenarios where traditional methods fall short. The conclusion underscores the enduring relevance of GA in the optimization landscape, emphasizing their potential to remain a pivotal tool for addressing intricate real-world challenges, provided their parameters are fine-tuned judiciously to balance exploration and exploitation.

32 2

Publication

A short review on the influence of antimony addition to the microstructure and thermal properties of Lead-Free solder alloy

( 2023)

Nur Syahirah Mohamad Zaimi

;

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli

for long time, Sn-Pb solder alloys have been used extensively as the main interconnection materials in the soldering. it is no doubt that Sn-Pb offers many advantages including good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties as well as low melting temperature. however, Pb is very toxic and Pb usage poses risk to human health and environments. owing to this, the usage of Pb in the electronic industry was banned and restricted by the legislation. these factors accelerate the efforts in finding suitable replacement for solder alloy and thus lead-free solder was introduced. the major problems associated with lead-free solder is the formation of large and brittle intermetallic compound which have given a rise to the reliability issues. Micro alloying with Sb seems to be advantageous in improving the properties of existing lead-free solder alloy. thus, this paper reviews the influence of Sb addition to the lead-free solder alloy in terms of microstructure formations and thermal properties.

6 24

Publication

A State-of-the-Art Review on innovative geopolymer composites designed for water and wastewater treatment

( 2021)

Ismail Luhar

;

Salmabanu Luhar

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Petrica Vizureanu

;

Rafiza Abd Razak

;

Andrei Victor Sandu

;

Petre-Daniel Matasaru

There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., “one’s waste is the treasure for another”. For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.

17 2

Publication

A sustainable photocatalytic fuel cell integrated photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system using KOH activated carbon felt cathodes for enhanced Amaranth degradation and electricity generation

( 2022-07-01)

Thor Shen Hui

;

Ho Li Ngee

;

Ong Soon An

;

Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin

;

Heah Cheng Yong

;

Ong Yong Por

;

Yap Kea Lee

Photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) process was integrated with photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) through the connection of electrodes and the cathodes were responsible for the acceptance of electrons. In this study, potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used to activate the carbon felt (CF) to improve the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity on cathodes for effective PFC integrated PEF hybrid system (PFC-PEF system) in Amaranth removal and electricity generation simultaneously. The results revealed that KOH activated CF cathodes had improved the electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in both PFC and PEF and contributed to decolourisation efficiencies of 99.25% (PFC) and 96.10% (PEF). The maximum power density (4.218 μW cm−2) achieved by KOH activated CF cathode was 22% higher than that of pristine CF. The results revealed that air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1 favoured the generation of more reactive species for effective Amaranth degradation under the dissolved oxygen enrichment condition. The highest decolourisation rates were respectively achieved in PFC (0.5965 h−1) and PEF (0.2919 L mg−1 h−1) at air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1.

1

Publication

Adsorption of basic green 4 onto gasified Glyricidia sepium woodchip based activated carbon: optimization, characterization, batch and column study

(Scientific Scholar, 2020)

Anis Atikah Ahmad

;

Azam Taufik Mohd Din

;

Nasehir Khan EM Yahaya

;

Azduwin Khasri

;

Mohd Azmier Ahmad

The abundance of gasification char residues which contributed to solid waste management problem is one of the major concerns in biomass gasification industry. This study focuses on synthesizing gasified Glyricidia sepium woodchip based activated carbon (GGSWAC) for the removal of basic green 4 (BG4) dye, evaluating the GGSWAC physicochemical properties and assessing the BG4 adsorption performance in batch and fixed-bed column systems. The optimal conditions of GGSWAC synthesis were at radiation power, time, and impregnation ratio (IR) of 616 W, 1 min and 1.93 g/g, respectively. The surface area (SBET) and total pore volume (TPV) of GGSWAC were 633.30 m2/g and 0.34 cm3/g, respectively. The Fritz–Schlünder best fitted to the experimental data at all temperatures in the isothermal studies, indicating a monolayer adsorption. The kinetic study showed that BG4 adsorption followed Avrami kinetic model. Based on thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of BG4 dye onto GGSWAC was an endothermic and spontaneous process. In continuous operation, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models successfully predicted BG4 adsorption onto GGSWAC. The low production cost of 0.54 USD/kg showed that GGSWAC is economically feasible for commercialization.

Publication

Advancement in recycling waste tire activated carbon to potential adsorbents

( 2022-12-01)

Umi Fazara Md Ali

;

Hussin F.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Aroua M.K.

;

Khamidun M.H.

;

Jusoh N.

;

Naimah Ibrahim

;

Syahirah Faraheen Kabir Ahmad

Waste tires have been identified as one of the contributors to environmental problems and the issue of inadequate landfill spaces. The lack of consistent and systematic approaches such as specific regulations/laws or mechanisms of waste management to waste tires, limited application of technology for recycling waste tires and lack of awareness on the impacts of waste tires problem, make waste tires a source of environmental pollution. Various researches have been conducted on recycling waste tires into polymer bends, and materials to harden concretes, fuels and adsorbent. Researchers suggested that pyrolysis is the current trend of recycling waste tire to harvest the saleable pyrolysis oil and the recycled carbon black. Therefore, this review attempts to compile relevant knowledge about the potential of adsorbent derived from waste tires to be applied in the removal of various types of pollutants like heavy metals, organic pollutants, dye and air/gaseous pollutant. Studies were carried out on revealing the properties and the characteristics of activated carbon derived from waste tire as effective adsorbent which influence the application performance at liquid or gas phase. In addition, the challenges in the production of activated carbon derived from waste tire were discussed.

1 21

Publication

Alkaline-Activation technique to produce low-temperature sintering activated-HAp ceramic

( 2023)

Wan Mohd Arif W Ibrahim

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Noorina Hidayu Jamil

;

Hasmaliza Mohamad

;

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

;

Andrei Victor Sandu

;

Petrica Vizureanu

;

Madalina Simona Baltatu

;

Patimapon Sukmak

The fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics prepared by existing conventional sintering requires high-temperature sintering of 1250 °C to 1300 °C. In this paper, the activated metakaolin (MK)/HAp specimens were prepared from varied mix design inputs, which were varied solid mixtures (different amounts of MK loading in HAp) and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios, before being pressed and sintered at 900 °C. Phase analysis, thermal analysis, surface morphology, and tensile strength of the specimens were investigated to study the influences of the Al, Si, Fe, Na, and K composition on the formation of the hydroxyapatite phase and its tensile strength. XRD analysis results show the formation of different phases was obtained from the different mix design inputs HAp (hexagonal and monoclinic), calcium phosphate, sodium calcium phosphate silicate and calcium hydrogen phosphate hydrate. Interestingly, the specimen with the addition of 30 g MK prepared at a 1.25 L/S ratio showed the formation of a monoclinic hydroxyapatite phase, resulting in the highest diametrical tensile strength of 12.52 MPa. Moreover, the increment in the MK amount in the specimens promotes better densification when sintered at 900 °C, which was highlighted in the microstructure study. This may be attributed to the Fe2O3, Na2O, and K2O contents in the MK and alkaline activator, which acted as a self-fluxing agent and contributed to the lower sintering temperature. Therefore, the research revealed that the addition of MK in the activated-HAp system could achieve a stable hydroxyapatite phase and better tensile strength at a low sintering temperature.

2 21

Publication

Alumina recovery from industrial waste: study on the thermal, tensile and wear properties of Polypropylene/Alumina nanocomposites

(Springer, 2019-07)

Anis Sofia Sufian

;

Noorasikin Samat

;

Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman

;

Wilfred Paulus

The investigation on the influences of alumina (Al₂O₃) particles in nano-sized retrieved from Aluminium (Al) dross was conducted on the tensile, thermal and wear properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. The thermal decomposition method was used to synthesise the micro α-Al₂O₃ particles from Al-dross, was followed by the wet-milling method to produce the nano α-Al₂O₃. The PP composites (nano and micro α-Al₂O₃ particles) were prepared via melt compounding followed by compression molding. The coupling agent was also added to facilitate the particle dispersion. The tensile tests showed the maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus of both composites to be corresponding to the samples containing 5 wt% of α-Al₂O₃. The superiority of nano α-Al₂O₃ on improving the property of PP had also been evident in the abrasive wear performance. A small amount of α-Al₂O₃ had been adequate in enhancing the thermal stability of PP than that of neat PP. The study on tensile and worn surface with SEM had revealed better adhesion and interaction between the filler and matrix in composites that were treated with coupling agent. The recovery of nano α-Al₂O₃ particles from Al-dross potentially decreases the quantity of harmful solid waste and can be an effective alternative filler for thermoplastics.

Publication

Amino-functionalised silica-grafted molecularly imprinted polymers for chloramphenicol adsorption

(Elsevier, 2020)

Zulkarnain Mohamed Idris

;

B.H. Hameed

;

L. Ye

;

S. Hajizadeh

;

B. Mattiasson

;

A.T. Mohd Din

3 7

Publication

Analisis Sosiolinguistik masyarakat Melayu di tiga wilayah sempadan Selatan Thailand berlandaskan teori etnografi komunikasi

( 2019-12)

Kamaruddin Isayah

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan situasi sosiolinguistik dan fenomena kebahasaan dalam masyarakat Melayu di tiga wilayah sempadan selatan Thailand (3WSST). Data sosiolinguistik yang terkumpul melalui kajian pustaka, pemerhatian dan temu bual tidak terancang dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teori etnografi komunikasi yang dicadangkan oleh Hymes (1974) melalui singkatan komponen tutur tertentu, iaitu SPEAKING. Masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST yang dimaksudkan dalam kertas kerja ini merangkumi wilayah Pattani, Yala dan Narathiwat. Memandangkan pengkelompokan etnik di Thailand, masyarakat Melayu merupakan sebuah masyarakat minoriti di negara ini. Di bahagian hujung Selatan Thailand, masyarakat ini dianggap majoriti penduduknya. Identiti yang melambangkan masyarakat ini bersifat Melayu ialah pembentukan masyarakat sejak zaman silam hingga sekarang berunsurkan ciri-ciri Melayu, iaitu dengan mengamalkan adat dan budaya Melayu. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa masyarakat di sini ialah masyarakat Melayu asal yang tidak diasimilasikan daripada mana-mana masyarakat. Bahasa Melayu khususnya dialek Melayu Patani merupakan medium utama bagi penduduk masyarakat ini. Dari sudut sosiolinguistik, masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST jelas sekali mengalami fenomena pertembungan dengan orang Thai, kesannya muncul sebuah masyarakat dwibahasa. Hakikatnya, fenomena kedwibahasaan dalam masyarakat ini mengakibatkan berlakunya beberapa aspek linguistik seperti fenomena pemilihan bahasa, percampuran bahasa dan sebagainya.

4 12

Publication

Analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 interaction on aptamer‐probed interdigitated electrode for breast cancer diagnosis

( 2024)

Yingxin Hao

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

AbstractBreast cancer has been reported to be high in its incidence with women, and early identification of breast cancer helps to improve and provide an effective treatment. Tumor markers are active substances; in particular, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over‐expressed at the level of 20%–30%. This research work developed a highly sensitive HER2 biosensor on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) by using aptamer as a detection probe. To enhance the analytical performances, aptamer was attached to the gold nanoparticle and immobilized on the IDE through a chemical linker [(3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]. On the aptamer conjugation, HER2 was quantified through current‐volt measurements, and the limit of detection of HER2 was calculated as 1 pg/mL on a linear range from 0.1 to 3000 pg/mL at anR2(regression coefficient) of 0.9657. Further, a selective performance with human serum increased the current responses by increasing HER2 concentrations. Specific experiments with control protein and complementary aptamer sequence failed to enhance the current responses. This HER2 biosensor reflects the occurrence of breast cancer at its lower abundance and helps to identify the associated complications.

Publication

Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties

(Wiley, 2020)

Nur Sumirah Mohd Dom

;

Nurshieren Yahaya

;

Zainah Adam

;

Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman

;

Muhajir Hamid

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of standardized methanolic extracts from seven Ficus deltoidea varieties in inhibiting the formation of AGEs, protein oxidation, and their antioxidant effects. The antiglycation activity was analyzed based on the inhibition of AGEs, fructosamine, and thiol groups level followed by the inhibition of protein carbonyl formation. The antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. After 28 days of induction, all varieties of Ficus deltoidea extracts significantly restrained the formation of fluorescence AGEs by 4.55-5.14 fold. The extracts also reduced the fructosamine levels by 47.0-86.5%, increased the thiol group levels by 64.3-83.7%, and inhibited the formation of protein carbonyl by 1.36-1.76 fold. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed an IC50 value of 66.81-288.04 μg/ml and reducing power activity depicted at 0.02-0.24 μg/ml. The extent of phenolic compounds present in the extracts ranged from 70.90 to 299.78 mg·GAE/g. Apart from that, correlation studies between the activities were observed. This study revealed that seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea have the potential to inhibit AGEs formation and possess antioxidant activity that might be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds.

1 4

Publication

Aqueous Potassium salt of L-Cysteine as potential CO₂ removal solvent: an investigation on physicochemical properties and CO₂ loading capacity

(MDPI, 2023)

Tengku Nur Adibah Tengku Hassan

;

Azmi Mohd Shariff

;

Nor Faiqa Abd Aziz

;

Nur Farhana Ajua Mustafa

;

Lian See Tan

;

Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim

;

Mustakimah Mohamed

;

Heri Hermansyah

The operational and economic constraints suffered by amine solvents for CO₂ removal have motivated the research on an alternative solvent with better performance and cost-effectiveness. Amino acid salt (AAS) has been identified as an interesting green solvent, an alternative to commercial amine solvents. The present work evaluated the physicochemical and CO₂-solubility properties of potassium L-cysteine (K-CYS), a naturally occurring amino-acid-based solvent for CO₂ removal from natural gas. Its physicochemical properties, including density, viscosity, and refractive index, were measured at different temperatures ranging between 298.15 and 333.15 K and a concentration range of 5 to 30 wt.%. Based on the experiment, all properties were found to decrease with increasing temperature and increase with increasing concentration. The experiments also demonstrated a significant reduction of CO₂ loading from 2.4190 to 1.1802 mol of CO2/mol of K-CYS with increasing solvent concentration from 10 to 30 wt% at 313.15 K and 20 bar (g).

1 9

Publication

Artificial lightweight aggregates made from pozzolanic material: A review on the method, physical and mechanical properties, thermal and microstructure

( 2022)

Dickson Ling Chuan Hao

;

Rafiza Abd Razak

;

Marwan Kheimi

;

Zarina Yahya

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Dumitru Doru Burduhos Nergis

;

Hamzah Fansuri

;

Ratna Ediati

;

Rosnita Mohamed

;

Alida Abdullah

As the demand for nonrenewable natural resources, such as aggregate, is increasing worldwide, new production of artificial aggregate should be developed. Artificial lightweight aggregate can bring advantages to the construction field due to its lower density, thus reducing the dead load applied to the structural elements. In addition, application of artificial lightweight aggregate in lightweight concrete will produce lower thermal conductivity. However, the production of artificial lightweight aggregate is still limited. Production of artificial lightweight aggregate incorporating waste materials or pozzolanic materials is advantageous and beneficial in terms of being environmentally friendly, as well as lowering carbon dioxide emissions. Moreover, additives, such as geopolymer, have been introduced as one of the alternative construction materials that have been proven to have excellent properties. Thus, this paper will review the production of artificial lightweight aggregate through various methods, including sintering, cold bonding, and autoclaving. The significant properties of artificial lightweight aggregate, including physical and mechanical properties, such as water absorption, crushing strength, and impact value, are reviewed. The properties of concrete, including thermal properties, that utilized artificial lightweight aggregate were also briefly reviewed to highlight the advantages of artificial lightweight aggregate.

3 17

Publication

ASPAD dynamic simulation and artificial neural network for atenolol adsorption in GGSWAC packed bed column

( 2023)

Kah Zheng Goh

;

Anis Atikah Ahmad

;

Mohd Azmier Ahmad

26 2

Publication

Assessment of geopolymer concrete for underwater concreting properties

( 2021)

Fakhryna Hannanee Ahmad Zaidi

;

Romisuhani Ahmad

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Wan Mastura Wan Ibrahim

;

Ikmal Hakem Aziz

;

Subaer Junaidi

;

Salmabanu Luhar

For ages, concrete has been used to construct underwater structures. Concrete laying underwater is a very complex procedure important to the success or failure of underwater projects. This paper elucidates the influence of alkali activator ratios on geopolymers for underwater concreting; focusing on the geopolymer concrete synthesized from fly ash and kaolin activated using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate solutions. The geopolymer mixtures were designed to incorporate multiple alkali activator ratios to evaluate their effects on the resulting geopolymers’ properties. The fresh concrete was molded into 50 mm cubes in seawater using the tremie method and tested for its engineering properties at 7 and 28 days (curing). The control geopolymer and underwater geopolymers’ mechanical properties, such as compressive strength, water absorption density, and setting time were also determined. The differences between the control geopolymer and underwater geopolymer were determined using phase analysis and functional group analysis. The results show that the geopolymer samples were optimally strengthened at a 2.5 alkali activator ratio, and the mechanical properties of the control geopolymer exceeded that of the underwater geopolymer. However, the underwater geopolymer was determined to be suitable for use as underwater concreting material as it retains 70% strength of the control geopolymer.

4 15

Publication

Atenolol sequestration using activated carbon derived from gasified Glyricidia sepium

(Elsevier, 2020)

Anis Atikah Ahmad

;

Azam Taufik Mohd Din

;

Nasehir Khan E.M. Yahaya

;

Jamilah Karim

;

Mohd Azmier Ahmad

Activated carbon (AC) derived from gasified Glyricidia sepium woodchip (GGSWAC) was prepared using KOH and CO2 activation via microwave radiation technique to remove atenolol (ATN) from aqueous solution. The surface area (SBET) and total pore volume (TPV) of GGSWAC were 483.07 m2/g and 0.255 cm3, respectively. The n-BET model fits well with the isothermal data indicating a multilayer adsorption with the saturation capacity of 121, 143 and 163 mg/g at 30, 45 and 60 °C, respectively. The kinetic study showed that ATN adsorption followed Avrami model equation (R2 ≅ 0.99). Based on the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of ATN onto GGSWAC was endothermic (ΔHS = 234.17 kJ/mol) in the first layer of adsorption and exothermic in the subsequent layer (ΔHL = −165.62 kJ/mol). The ATN adsorption was controlled by both diffusion and chemisorption. In continuous operation, the Thomas (R2 = 0.9822) and Yoon–Nelson (R2 = 0.9817) models successfully predicted the ATN adsorption.

9 4

Publication

Atomisation and vacuum drying studies on Malaysian honey encapsulation

(The Korean Society of Food Preservation, 2023)

Nurul Aisyah Rosli

;

Lee Boon Beng

;

Khairul Farihan Kasim

;

Che Wan Sharifah Robiah Mohamad

Malaysian honey is rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds, which can be a healthy alternative to refined sugar in food production. However, liquid honey’s viscous and sticky nature makes it unpreferable in industrial handling. This study, an atomization system coupled with vacuum drying to produce honey powders to overcome the problem. Three types of Malaysian honey, namely Acacia, Gelam, and Tualang, were encapsulated in Ca-alginate gel beads using the atomization system. The density viscosity, and surface tension of the honey-alginate solutions were measured, and the concentration of honey and alginate influenced the physical properties of the solutions. Honey-encapsulated gel beads in the size range of 2.16-2.92 mm were produced using the atomization system with the air-liquid mass flow rate ratios of 0.22-0.31, Weber number (We) of 112-545, and Ohnersorges number (Oh) of 0.35-10.46. Gel bead diameter can be predicted using a simple mathematical model. After vacuum drying, the honey gel powder produced was in the size range of 1.50-1.79 mm. Results showed that honey gel powders with good encapsulation efficiency and high honey loading could be produced using the atomization system and vacuum drying.

Publication

Biodeterioration of pre-treated polypropylene by Aspergillus terreus and Engyodontium album

(Nature Research, 2023)

Amira Farzana Samat

;

Dee Carter

;

Ali Abbas

Polypropylene (PP) has raised severe environmental issues concerning its non-degradability, with a current recycling rate of only 1%. This current study utilises Aspergillus terreus ATCC 20542 and Engyodontium album BRIP 61534a to break down PP while focusing on pre-treatment. Polypropylene granule (GPP), film (FPP) and metallised film (MFPP) are pre-treated by either UV, heat, or Fenton’s reagent. UV and heat-treated MFPP by A. terreus exhibits notable weight loss percentage (25.29% and 22.13%, respectively). Biomass production, reduction rate, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses further validate the degradation rate. A. terreus incubated with UV-treated MFPP produced a relatively high biomass yield of 1.07 mg/ml. Reduction in carbonyl index and surface morphological changes reveal consistent biodeterioration evidence. This investigation demonstrates that A. terreus and E. album can grow on, change, and utilise PP as a carbon source with pre-treatments’ aid, promoting the biological pathways for plastic waste treatment. © 2023, The Author(s).

1 12

Publication

Biological synthesis of zinc-oxide nanoparticle using wide-spread Lentinus sajor-caju extract as a carrier for natural-compounds

(Elsevier, 2023)

Malinie Rajasingam

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Periasamy Anbu

;

Sekar Vijayakumar

The use of nanotechnology in industry and medicine has recently become a hot topic of research. This study focused on synthesizing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) using Lentinus sajor-caju extract, followed by applying the nanoparticle as a carrier for natural compounds. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Filed-emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM), and zeta potential measurements were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles. The synthesis of ZnONPs was also confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy. The ZnONPs had a spherical shape with an average size of 28 nm in diameter, according to FETEM and FESEM. X-ray powder diffraction and selected area electron diffraction showed that the ZnONPs were crystalline in structure. The active components of the L. sajor-caju extracts were found to cap the ZnONPs, according to FTIR analysis. Additionally, EDX analysis revealed test showed the elemental composition of ZnONP's. The performance of the L. sajor-caju-capped ZnONP conjugated with a drug was studied in terms of inhibition of microbial growth against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria through the disc diffusion method. The results demonstrated a considerable inhibition of both bacteria, demonstrating ZnONP's potential for use in biomedicine.

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