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Publication

22 Regulations for food packaging materials

(De Gruyter, 2023)

Nur Amalina Amirullah

;

Mohd Hafif Samsudin

;

Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim

;

Rushdan Ahmad Ilyas

;

Norizan Mohd Nurazzi

;

Mohd Azwan Jenol

;

Siti Nor Hawanis Husain

;

Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny

Food safety and quality are essential concerns for consumers worldwide. One way to ensure that the food we consume meets these standards is through proper food regulation. While there are various aspects of food regulation, one critical aspect is the regulations for food packaging materials. As such, this book chapter has been written to provide an in-depth overview of the regulations for food packaging materials in different continents, namely Asia, Europe, and America. The chapter delves into several countries in each continent, such as Malaysia, Japan, Australia, China, the United States, and South Africa, and discusses their specific food packaging regulations. This chapter also emphasizes the importance of considering the composition, migration properties, and potential for contamination of food packaging materials. It highlights the need for regulations to ensure that food packaging materials do not adversely affect the safety and quality of food products. In light of the evolving food packaging industry, the chapter further underscores the need for continuous evaluation and improvement of food packaging regulations. This is crucial to keep up with emerging risks and new technologies that may arise and impact the safety and quality of food.

Publication

3D spacer fabric structured airflow channel for enhanced solar desalination with efficient multi-energy harvesting

(Elsevier B.V., 2025)

Can Ge

;

Duo Xu

;

Xiao Feng

;

Heng Du

;

Ze, Chen

;

Ong Hui Lin

;

Chong Gao

;

Guilong Yan

;

Jian Fang

Solar steam generation (SSG) is a sustainable way to drive seawater desalination and wastewater purification with green environmental energies including solar radiation, ambient heat, and airflow. Airflow is ubiquitous in outdoor environments, however, the utilization of airflow for accelerated evaporation through structure engineering remains unclear. Herein, environmental energies are efficiently utilized in an integrated way with the rational design of 3D spacer fabric. Carbon fiber bundles with broadband photothermal conversion ability and Tencel yarns with superior hydrophilicity are fabricated into the 3D spacer fabric. The stereoscopic airflow channel, wide evaporation surface area, and separated layers are constructed to optimize airflow pathways. Heat loss is reduced through the accelerated evaporation cooling effect. Extra ambient heat is harvested for cold evaporation by efficient airflow utilization. The evaporation rate of 3D spacer fabric reaches 5.15 kg·m−2·h−1 under a convective airflow of 3.5 m·s−1, which is twice the rate of traditional plain fabrics. The outstanding salt resistance is realized due to the separate design of photothermal and water supply layers as well as the continuous water circulation. The structural engineering of condenser devices is also investigated for enhanced airflow utilization. Overall, this work presents an effective and comprehensive multi-energy harvesting strategy to achieve rapid and durable SSG for practical clean water production.

Publication

A Review of Genetic Algorithm: Operations and Applications

( 2024)

Abdullah Chik

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Uda Hashim

This article presents a review of the Genetic Algorithm (GA), a prominent optimization technique inspired by natural selection and genetics. In the context of rapidly evolving computational methodologies, GA have gained considerable attention for their efficacy in solving complex optimization problems across various domains. The background highlights the growing significance of optimization techniques in addressing real-world challenges. However, the inherent complexity and diversity of problems necessitate versatile approaches like GA. The problem statement underscores the need to explore the underlying operations and applications of GA to provide a nuanced understanding of their capabilities and limitations. The objectives of this review encompass delving into the fundamental genetic operators, such as selection, crossover, and mutation, while examining their role in maintaining diversity and converging toward optimal solutions. Methodology-wise, a systematic analysis of existing literature is undertaken to distil key insights and trends in GA applications. The main findings show the adaptability of GA in tackling problems spanning engineering, economics, bioinformatics, and beyond. By facilitating the discovery of optimal or near-optimal solutions within large solution spaces, GA proves its mettle in scenarios where traditional methods fall short. The conclusion underscores the enduring relevance of GA in the optimization landscape, emphasizing their potential to remain a pivotal tool for addressing intricate real-world challenges, provided their parameters are fine-tuned judiciously to balance exploration and exploitation.

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Publication

A short review on the influence of antimony addition to the microstructure and thermal properties of Lead-Free solder alloy

( 2023)

Nur Syahirah Mohamad Zaimi

;

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Mohd Izrul Izwan Ramli

for long time, Sn-Pb solder alloys have been used extensively as the main interconnection materials in the soldering. it is no doubt that Sn-Pb offers many advantages including good electrical conductivity, mechanical properties as well as low melting temperature. however, Pb is very toxic and Pb usage poses risk to human health and environments. owing to this, the usage of Pb in the electronic industry was banned and restricted by the legislation. these factors accelerate the efforts in finding suitable replacement for solder alloy and thus lead-free solder was introduced. the major problems associated with lead-free solder is the formation of large and brittle intermetallic compound which have given a rise to the reliability issues. Micro alloying with Sb seems to be advantageous in improving the properties of existing lead-free solder alloy. thus, this paper reviews the influence of Sb addition to the lead-free solder alloy in terms of microstructure formations and thermal properties.

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Publication

A State-of-the-Art Review on innovative geopolymer composites designed for water and wastewater treatment

( 2021)

Ismail Luhar

;

Salmabanu Luhar

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Petrica Vizureanu

;

Rafiza Abd Razak

;

Andrei Victor Sandu

;

Petre-Daniel Matasaru

There is nothing more fundamental than clean potable water for living beings next to air. On the other hand, wastewater management is cropping up as a challenging task day-by-day due to lots of new additions of novel pollutants as well as the development of infrastructures and regulations that could not maintain its pace with the burgeoning escalation of populace and urbanizations. Therefore, momentous approaches must be sought-after to reclaim fresh water from wastewaters in order to address this great societal challenge. One of the routes is to clean wastewater through treatment processes using diverse adsorbents. However, most of them are unsustainable and quite costly e.g. activated carbon adsorbents, etc. Quite recently, innovative, sustainable, durable, affordable, user and eco-benevolent Geopolymer composites have been brought into play to serve the purpose as a pretty novel subject matter since they can be manufactured by a simple process of Geopolymerization at low temperature, lower energy with mitigated carbon footprints and marvellously, exhibit outstanding properties of physical and chemical stability, ion-exchange, dielectric characteristics, etc., with a porous structure and of course lucrative too because of the incorporation of wastes with them, which is in harmony with the goal to transit from linear to circular economy, i.e., “one’s waste is the treasure for another”. For these reasons, nowadays, this ground-breaking inorganic class of amorphous alumina-silicate materials are drawing the attention of the world researchers for designing them as adsorbents for water and wastewater treatment where the chemical nature and structure of the materials have a great impact on their adsorption competence. The aim of the current most recent state-of-the-art and scientometric review is to comprehend and assess thoroughly the advancements in geo-synthesis, properties and applications of geopolymer composites designed for the elimination of hazardous contaminants viz., heavy metal ions, dyes, etc. The adsorption mechanisms and effects of various environmental conditions on adsorption efficiency are also taken into account for review of the importance of Geopolymers as most recent adsorbents to get rid of the death-defying and toxic pollutants from wastewater with a view to obtaining reclaimed potable and sparkling water for reuse offering to trim down the massive crisis of scarcity of water promoting sustainable water and wastewater treatment for greener environments. The appraisal is made on the performance estimation of Geopolymers for water and wastewater treatment along with the three-dimensional printed components are characterized for mechanical, physical and chemical attributes, permeability and Ammonium (NH4+) ion removal competence of Geopolymer composites as alternative adsorbents for sequestration of an assortment of contaminants during wastewater treatment.

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Publication

A sustainable photocatalytic fuel cell integrated photo-electro-Fenton hybrid system using KOH activated carbon felt cathodes for enhanced Amaranth degradation and electricity generation

( 2022-07-01)

Thor Shen Hui

;

Ho Li Ngee

;

Ong Soon An

;

Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin

;

Heah Cheng Yong

;

Ong Yong Por

;

Yap Kea Lee

Photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) process was integrated with photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) through the connection of electrodes and the cathodes were responsible for the acceptance of electrons. In this study, potassium hydroxide (KOH) was used to activate the carbon felt (CF) to improve the oxygen reduction reaction reactivity on cathodes for effective PFC integrated PEF hybrid system (PFC-PEF system) in Amaranth removal and electricity generation simultaneously. The results revealed that KOH activated CF cathodes had improved the electro-generation of hydrogen peroxide in both PFC and PEF and contributed to decolourisation efficiencies of 99.25% (PFC) and 96.10% (PEF). The maximum power density (4.218 μW cm−2) achieved by KOH activated CF cathode was 22% higher than that of pristine CF. The results revealed that air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1 favoured the generation of more reactive species for effective Amaranth degradation under the dissolved oxygen enrichment condition. The highest decolourisation rates were respectively achieved in PFC (0.5965 h−1) and PEF (0.2919 L mg−1 h−1) at air flow rate of 1000 mL min−1.

1

Publication

Adsorption efficiency and photocatalytic activity of silver sulphide-activated carbon (Ag₂S-AC) composites

(Elsevier B.V., 2025)

Siti Norsaffirah Zailan

;

Norsuria Mahmed

;

Aissa Bouaissi

;

Zahra Ramadlan Mubarokah

;

Mohd Natashah Norizan

;

Nurfina Yudasari

;

Ili Salwani Mohamad

;

Siti Salwa Mohammad Shirajuddin

Background: This study investigates the adsorption efficiency and photocatalytic activity of silver sulphide-activated carbon (Ag₂S-AC) composites derived from ground coffee waste (GCW). Methods: In this work, GCW was preceding to carbonized at 500 ± 2°C for hours and formed biochar. Then, GCW was subjected to activation using hydrochloric acid (HCl), phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). The mixture was left to soak for 24 h at room temperature, followed by carbonization at 350 and 500˚C. In the meantime, the silver sulphide (Ag₂S) was synthesized by using an ion exchange method. Sodium sulphide (Na₂S) was used as sulphur source and mixed with silver nitrate (AgNO₃) and sodium citrate (NaCit) for two hours, then dried in oven at 50 ± 2°C for 10 h. Next, the carbonized AC was subsequently combined with synthesized silver sulphide, resulting in the creation of Ag₂S-activated carbon composites that functioned both as adsorbent and photocatalyst. Their capabilities as adsorbents and photocatalyst were studied by using copper ions (Cu2+) and methylene blue (MB) solution. Significance findings: Based on results, GCW and all the prepared activated carbons are in the amorphous phase, except for the Ag₂S-AC composites, where the Ag₂S peak reflection can be observed from the X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern. GCW shows rough and dense surface morphology. The AC shows different pore sizes and structures depending on the chemical activators used, where AC-KOH shows the largest pore size (165.31 μm). The existence of micropores can be observed in all the activated carbon samples. For the adsorption of Cu2+, all samples show more than 99 % of the removal efficiency. While for photocatalytic testing, the Ag₂S-H₃PO₄ sample shows the highest degradation rate (97.7 %) of MB solutions.

Publication

Adsorption of basic green 4 onto gasified Glyricidia sepium woodchip based activated carbon: optimization, characterization, batch and column study

(Scientific Scholar, 2020)

Anis Atikah Ahmad

;

Azam Taufik Mohd Din

;

Nasehir Khan EM Yahaya

;

Azduwin Khasri

;

Mohd Azmier Ahmad

The abundance of gasification char residues which contributed to solid waste management problem is one of the major concerns in biomass gasification industry. This study focuses on synthesizing gasified Glyricidia sepium woodchip based activated carbon (GGSWAC) for the removal of basic green 4 (BG4) dye, evaluating the GGSWAC physicochemical properties and assessing the BG4 adsorption performance in batch and fixed-bed column systems. The optimal conditions of GGSWAC synthesis were at radiation power, time, and impregnation ratio (IR) of 616 W, 1 min and 1.93 g/g, respectively. The surface area (SBET) and total pore volume (TPV) of GGSWAC were 633.30 m2/g and 0.34 cm3/g, respectively. The Fritz–Schlünder best fitted to the experimental data at all temperatures in the isothermal studies, indicating a monolayer adsorption. The kinetic study showed that BG4 adsorption followed Avrami kinetic model. Based on thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of BG4 dye onto GGSWAC was an endothermic and spontaneous process. In continuous operation, the Thomas and Yoon–Nelson models successfully predicted BG4 adsorption onto GGSWAC. The low production cost of 0.54 USD/kg showed that GGSWAC is economically feasible for commercialization.

Publication

Advanced dual-wetting membrane for enhanced CO₂ capture: asymmetric hydrophobic and CO₂-philic thin film in membrane gas absorption

(Korean Society of Industrial Engineering Chemistry, 2025-09)

Pei Thing Chang

;

Ng Qi Hwa

;

Pei Ching Oh

;

Siew Chun Low

CO₂ is a major contributor to climate change, making efficient carbon capture essential for emission reduction. Membrane gas absorption (MGA) offers a cost-effective solution, with research often focusing on enhancing membrane hydrophobicity to reduce wettability. However, the potential of CO₂-philic membranes for mixed gas separation remains underexplored. This study addresses the gap by developing asymmetric wetting membranes (PVDF/EDA/GO) with a superhydrophobic side to prevent wetting and a CO₂-philic side to enhance CO₂ capture. The CO₂-philic surface was created by coating PVDF with ethylenediamine (EDA) and graphene oxide (GO). Computational analysis confirmed strong binding energy (−21.07 kcal/mol) between EDA and GO, forming a stable amine complex. The membranes displayed asymmetric wetting, with the CO₂-philic side showing a water static angle (WSA) of 49.6 ± 2.6°, and the superhydrophobic side achieved a WSA of 149.7 ± 3.3° and a water gliding angle (WGA) of 9.8 ± 1.1°. In MGA, these membranes demonstrated improved performance, with a CO₂ absorption flux of 0.0040 mol/m2s and CO₂/N2 selectivity of 6. This work highlights the promise of dual-wetting membranes for enhancing CO₂ capture in MGA systems.

Publication

Advancement in recycling waste tire activated carbon to potential adsorbents

( 2022-12-01)

Umi Fazara Md Ali

;

Hussin F.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Aroua M.K.

;

Khamidun M.H.

;

Jusoh N.

;

Naimah Ibrahim

;

Syahirah Faraheen Kabir Ahmad

Waste tires have been identified as one of the contributors to environmental problems and the issue of inadequate landfill spaces. The lack of consistent and systematic approaches such as specific regulations/laws or mechanisms of waste management to waste tires, limited application of technology for recycling waste tires and lack of awareness on the impacts of waste tires problem, make waste tires a source of environmental pollution. Various researches have been conducted on recycling waste tires into polymer bends, and materials to harden concretes, fuels and adsorbent. Researchers suggested that pyrolysis is the current trend of recycling waste tire to harvest the saleable pyrolysis oil and the recycled carbon black. Therefore, this review attempts to compile relevant knowledge about the potential of adsorbent derived from waste tires to be applied in the removal of various types of pollutants like heavy metals, organic pollutants, dye and air/gaseous pollutant. Studies were carried out on revealing the properties and the characteristics of activated carbon derived from waste tire as effective adsorbent which influence the application performance at liquid or gas phase. In addition, the challenges in the production of activated carbon derived from waste tire were discussed.

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Publication

Alkaline-Activation technique to produce low-temperature sintering activated-HAp ceramic

( 2023)

Wan Mohd Arif W Ibrahim

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Noorina Hidayu Jamil

;

Hasmaliza Mohamad

;

Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh

;

Andrei Victor Sandu

;

Petrica Vizureanu

;

Madalina Simona Baltatu

;

Patimapon Sukmak

The fabrication of hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics prepared by existing conventional sintering requires high-temperature sintering of 1250 °C to 1300 °C. In this paper, the activated metakaolin (MK)/HAp specimens were prepared from varied mix design inputs, which were varied solid mixtures (different amounts of MK loading in HAp) and liquid-to-solid (L/S) ratios, before being pressed and sintered at 900 °C. Phase analysis, thermal analysis, surface morphology, and tensile strength of the specimens were investigated to study the influences of the Al, Si, Fe, Na, and K composition on the formation of the hydroxyapatite phase and its tensile strength. XRD analysis results show the formation of different phases was obtained from the different mix design inputs HAp (hexagonal and monoclinic), calcium phosphate, sodium calcium phosphate silicate and calcium hydrogen phosphate hydrate. Interestingly, the specimen with the addition of 30 g MK prepared at a 1.25 L/S ratio showed the formation of a monoclinic hydroxyapatite phase, resulting in the highest diametrical tensile strength of 12.52 MPa. Moreover, the increment in the MK amount in the specimens promotes better densification when sintered at 900 °C, which was highlighted in the microstructure study. This may be attributed to the Fe2O3, Na2O, and K2O contents in the MK and alkaline activator, which acted as a self-fluxing agent and contributed to the lower sintering temperature. Therefore, the research revealed that the addition of MK in the activated-HAp system could achieve a stable hydroxyapatite phase and better tensile strength at a low sintering temperature.

2 25

Publication

Alloyed CeCa𝑥Fe₁-𝑥O₃-δ: a calcium doped cerium iron oxide nanomaterial for photo-fenton degradation

(Elsevier, 2025-07)

A. Ashwini

;

G. Kaladevi

;

Mary George

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

The widespread application of mixed metal iron oxide materials in diverse environmental contexts makes them highly significant in heterogeneous catalysis. This study focuses on the synthesis of CeCa𝑥Fe1-𝑥O₃-δ (x = 0, 0.2, 0.5, 0.8, and 1) nanomaterials using the sol–gel method and explores their structural, electrical, magnetic, optical, and photocatalytic properties. Comprehensive characterization was performed using Powder X-ray Diffraction (PXRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis, Vibrating Sample Magnetometry (VSM), and UV–Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS). The diffraction peaks confirmed the formation of CeFeO₃-based structures. The magnetic behavior of the materials was analyzed through saturation magnetization, remanent magnetization, and coercivity. The optical properties, particularly in the visible region, motivated further exploration of the photo-Fenton activity of these nanomaterials, highlighting their potential in environmental remediation applications.

Publication

Alumina recovery from industrial waste: study on the thermal, tensile and wear properties of Polypropylene/Alumina nanocomposites

(Springer, 2019-07)

Anis Sofia Sufian

;

Noorasikin Samat

;

Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman

;

Wilfred Paulus

The investigation on the influences of alumina (Al₂O₃) particles in nano-sized retrieved from Aluminium (Al) dross was conducted on the tensile, thermal and wear properties of polypropylene (PP) composites. The thermal decomposition method was used to synthesise the micro α-Al₂O₃ particles from Al-dross, was followed by the wet-milling method to produce the nano α-Al₂O₃. The PP composites (nano and micro α-Al₂O₃ particles) were prepared via melt compounding followed by compression molding. The coupling agent was also added to facilitate the particle dispersion. The tensile tests showed the maximum tensile strength and Young’s modulus of both composites to be corresponding to the samples containing 5 wt% of α-Al₂O₃. The superiority of nano α-Al₂O₃ on improving the property of PP had also been evident in the abrasive wear performance. A small amount of α-Al₂O₃ had been adequate in enhancing the thermal stability of PP than that of neat PP. The study on tensile and worn surface with SEM had revealed better adhesion and interaction between the filler and matrix in composites that were treated with coupling agent. The recovery of nano α-Al₂O₃ particles from Al-dross potentially decreases the quantity of harmful solid waste and can be an effective alternative filler for thermoplastics.

Publication

Amino-functionalised silica-grafted molecularly imprinted polymers for chloramphenicol adsorption

(Elsevier, 2020)

Zulkarnain Mohamed Idris

;

B.H. Hameed

;

L. Ye

;

S. Hajizadeh

;

B. Mattiasson

;

A.T. Mohd Din

3 11

Publication

An insight into the adsorptive, kinetic, and mechanistic behavior of the sulfonated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes adsorbent in the removal of Methylene blue

(Springer, 2025)

Chuan Chuan Lim

;

Ng Qi Hwa

;

Siew Hoong Shuit

;

Soon Wah Goh

;

Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim

;

Hoo Peng Yong

A simple and environmentally friendly, facile solvent-free direct doping (FSFDD) approach was employed to synthesize sulfonated magnetic multi-walled carbon nanotubes (s-MMWCNTs) which in turn employed for the eliminating of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution. While prior studies have emphasized the synthesis and innovation points of s-MMWCNTs, this work delves into the fundamental adsorption behaviors (adsorption isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and mechanism analysis) to provide a deeper understanding of the interactions between the adsorbent and methylene blue (MB). The developed s-MMWCNTs were characterized by zeta potential analysis, transmission electron microscope (TEM) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Moreover, the characterization of spent s-MMWCNTs by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) were carried out to compare their characteristics to the freshly synthesized s-MMWCNTs. Results indicated that the Freundlich isotherm model was the best-fitted model, providing a maximum adsorption capacity of 44.64 mg g− 1. As for the adsorption kinetic studies, the MB adsorption onto s-MMWCNTs was discovered to comply with the pseudo-second-order model. Besides, the thermodynamic results suggested that the adsorption process of MB onto s-MMWCNTs occurred endothermically with spontaneity. Furthermore, the adsorption mechanisms encompassed electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interaction with the electrostatic interaction as the most salient attractive force in the MB adsorption onto s-MMWCNTs.

Publication

An overview on single-layer graphene production methods with high quality for large-scale applications

(Springer, 2024-12)

Manimehalai Muthumurugan

;

Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan

;

Ajit Behera

;

Balaguru Venkatesh Sankar

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

Graphene is a single- or few-layered material derived from graphite, consisting of many stacked layers of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms in a honeycomb structure. It is a two-dimensional material with remarkable properties such as high electrical conductivity, high thermal conductivity, high strength, lightweight, high sensitivity, and high resistance to corrosion. However, the synthesis procedures for this remarkable material remain challenging, unreliable, expensive, and in the early stages of development, which hinders its large-scale production and industrial applications. Graphene products often suffer from impurities, non-uniform thickness, and defects in their structure. The properties of graphene are greatly enhanced as it becomes single-layered. The single-layer graphene is highly dispersible in many of the solvents and is the most wanted material in most of the industries. So, the production of single-layer graphene in large scale and at low-cost is a thrust area of research. A high quality of graphene is mostly preferred in making composite materials and its loading is very less based on its quality as single-layer/high-quality graphene possesses remarkable properties. Current methods for producing high-quality graphene, such as Hummer’s method, chemical vapor deposition, and epitaxial growth, require sophisticated equipment, involve the use of harmful chemicals, and result in low yields. It is crucial to identify simpler methods that maintain the material’s quality to facilitate exploration of its applications on a pilot scale. Various strategies, including shear forces, intercalation, microwave irradiation, and electrical energy supply, have been employed to effectively exfoliate graphene sheets from graphite. Various characterization techniques, such as X-ray diffraction analysis, Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy, can be utilized to assess the quality of graphene obtained through these methods. The quality of graphene significantly influences its suitability for specific applications. The applications of graphene have expanded to various fields, including electronic devices, coatings, composites, sensors, and energy storage devices, owing to its exceptional properties and potential for innovation. Simple methods such as mechanochemical, electrochemical, liquid phase exfoliation, hydrothermal and microwave irradiation method are reviewed in this article and compared with the conventional method for their efficiency, cost, and scalability. It is identified that these methods are more promising for producing high-quality graphene that matches industrial level standards.

Publication

Analisis Sosiolinguistik masyarakat Melayu di tiga wilayah sempadan Selatan Thailand berlandaskan teori etnografi komunikasi

( 2019-12)

Kamaruddin Isayah

Kertas kerja ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan situasi sosiolinguistik dan fenomena kebahasaan dalam masyarakat Melayu di tiga wilayah sempadan selatan Thailand (3WSST). Data sosiolinguistik yang terkumpul melalui kajian pustaka, pemerhatian dan temu bual tidak terancang dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan teori etnografi komunikasi yang dicadangkan oleh Hymes (1974) melalui singkatan komponen tutur tertentu, iaitu SPEAKING. Masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST yang dimaksudkan dalam kertas kerja ini merangkumi wilayah Pattani, Yala dan Narathiwat. Memandangkan pengkelompokan etnik di Thailand, masyarakat Melayu merupakan sebuah masyarakat minoriti di negara ini. Di bahagian hujung Selatan Thailand, masyarakat ini dianggap majoriti penduduknya. Identiti yang melambangkan masyarakat ini bersifat Melayu ialah pembentukan masyarakat sejak zaman silam hingga sekarang berunsurkan ciri-ciri Melayu, iaitu dengan mengamalkan adat dan budaya Melayu. Sejarah telah membuktikan bahawa masyarakat di sini ialah masyarakat Melayu asal yang tidak diasimilasikan daripada mana-mana masyarakat. Bahasa Melayu khususnya dialek Melayu Patani merupakan medium utama bagi penduduk masyarakat ini. Dari sudut sosiolinguistik, masyarakat Melayu di 3WSST jelas sekali mengalami fenomena pertembungan dengan orang Thai, kesannya muncul sebuah masyarakat dwibahasa. Hakikatnya, fenomena kedwibahasaan dalam masyarakat ini mengakibatkan berlakunya beberapa aspek linguistik seperti fenomena pemilihan bahasa, percampuran bahasa dan sebagainya.

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Publication

Analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 interaction on aptamer‐probed interdigitated electrode for breast cancer diagnosis

( 2024)

Yingxin Hao

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

AbstractBreast cancer has been reported to be high in its incidence with women, and early identification of breast cancer helps to improve and provide an effective treatment. Tumor markers are active substances; in particular, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is over‐expressed at the level of 20%–30%. This research work developed a highly sensitive HER2 biosensor on the interdigitated electrode (IDE) by using aptamer as a detection probe. To enhance the analytical performances, aptamer was attached to the gold nanoparticle and immobilized on the IDE through a chemical linker [(3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane]. On the aptamer conjugation, HER2 was quantified through current‐volt measurements, and the limit of detection of HER2 was calculated as 1 pg/mL on a linear range from 0.1 to 3000 pg/mL at anR2(regression coefficient) of 0.9657. Further, a selective performance with human serum increased the current responses by increasing HER2 concentrations. Specific experiments with control protein and complementary aptamer sequence failed to enhance the current responses. This HER2 biosensor reflects the occurrence of breast cancer at its lower abundance and helps to identify the associated complications.

Publication

Analysis of process parameters for resistance spot welding on galvanized steel using taguchi method

(Polska Akademia Nauk, 2025)

Nur Farhana Hayazi

;

P. Jaraman

;

Dewi Suriyani Che Halin

;

F.M. Foudzi

;

M. Nabiałek

;

P. Vizureanu

Resistance spot welding (RSW) involved two or more sheets of metal that are welded together with or without filler materials. This paper discussed the optimization of RSW process parameters that were varied on galvanized steel below 6 kA by using Taguchi method. Galvanized steel can be more difficult to spot weld than any other uncoated metal due to the tendency of zinc coating alloying with electrodes. The three process parameters are welding current, welding time and holding time. The type of OA used in this study was L9. Subsequently, tensile and Vickers microhardness tests were conducted on the sample. Results from these tests were used to calculate the S/N ratio, ANOVA and confirmation test. The optimal parameters value and percentage of contributing factors to the welding can be identified. It will help to produce high-quality weld joints.

1 1

Publication

Antiglycation and Antioxidant Properties of Ficus deltoidea Varieties

(Wiley, 2020)

Nur Sumirah Mohd Dom

;

Nurshieren Yahaya

;

Zainah Adam

;

Nik Mohd Afizan Nik Abd. Rahman

;

Muhajir Hamid

The present study aimed to evaluate the potential of standardized methanolic extracts from seven Ficus deltoidea varieties in inhibiting the formation of AGEs, protein oxidation, and their antioxidant effects. The antiglycation activity was analyzed based on the inhibition of AGEs, fructosamine, and thiol groups level followed by the inhibition of protein carbonyl formation. The antioxidant activity (DPPH radical scavenging activity and reducing power assay) and total phenolic contents were evaluated. After 28 days of induction, all varieties of Ficus deltoidea extracts significantly restrained the formation of fluorescence AGEs by 4.55-5.14 fold. The extracts also reduced the fructosamine levels by 47.0-86.5%, increased the thiol group levels by 64.3-83.7%, and inhibited the formation of protein carbonyl by 1.36-1.76 fold. DPPH radical scavenging activity showed an IC50 value of 66.81-288.04 μg/ml and reducing power activity depicted at 0.02-0.24 μg/ml. The extent of phenolic compounds present in the extracts ranged from 70.90 to 299.78 mg·GAE/g. Apart from that, correlation studies between the activities were observed. This study revealed that seven varieties of Ficus deltoidea have the potential to inhibit AGEs formation and possess antioxidant activity that might be attributed to the presence of phenolic compounds.

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