UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Publications 2021 by Issue Date

Publication

A study of lower limb muscles fatigue during running based on EMG signals

( 2019-07-01)

Yousif H.A.

;

Norasmadi Abdul Rahim

;

Ahmad Faizal Salleh

;

Ammar Zakaria

;

Alfarhan K.A.

;

Mahmood M.

Incorrect running may lead to discomfort and injuries, where each day around the world, the numbers of runners are increasing. The goal of this research work is to evaluate and study the lower limb muscles fatigue during running for 400-meters with two types of running strategies based on the Electromyography (EMG) signals. The EMG signals are collected from Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) muscles during the run on the tartan athletic track with two types of running strategies. The first type: the first 200-meters running with normal speed and the last 200-meters running with full speed. The second type: the first 300-meters running with normal speed and the last 100-meters running with full speed. The EMG signals were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract the features of mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF). From the results of the two strategies with MDF and MNF features of the selected muscles, the lowest fatigue index was during the 1st strategy for most the selected muscles.

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Publication

An experimental work on effect of bending down conductor with reinforced concrete

( 2020-01-07)

Amizah Md. Ariffen

;

Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad @ Hashim

;

Ab Kadir M.Z.A.

;

Jasni J.

;

Nasrul Helmei Halim

Down conductor is one of the pivotal parts of the Lightning Protection System (LPS) that diverting the lightning current captured by the air termination system to the earth termination system in each protected structure. A straight down conductor, is ideally suited for the best-case scenario regarding reliability and safety protection. One to aesthetical aspects, down conductor is undesirably bent in most current buildings. However, only the primary bare type of a down conductor is undergone such process, and bent at a certain degree which depending on the structure itself. Hence, this study is to investigate the bending degree effect on down conductors, by looking at breakdown voltage around the bent area with the presence of concrete wall and reinforcement bar. This experimental work conducted on a reduced scale of reinforced concrete which tested with high impulse voltage. It was determined that the bending down conductors has a significant effect on the bent (vertex) area with the interaction of concrete wall and reinforcement bar.

Publication

Comparative Study of Parallelism and Pipelining of RGB to HSL Colour Space Conversion Architecture on FPGA

( 2020-03-20)

Ehkan P.

;

Siew S.V.

;

Zakaria F.F.

;

Mohd Warip M.N.

;

Ilyas M.Z.

RGB colour model is a basic colour model and complements together to produce full colour range but it is unable to produce sufficient information for digital image analysis. However, HSL is capable to provide other useful information such as colour in degree, saturation of the colour and brightness of colour. In this work, RGB to HSL mathematical conversion algorithm is implemented on FPGA chip. Parallelism and pipelining capabilities of FPGA helps to speed up conversion performance. The RGB to HSL equation is implemented by using two architectures which are parallel and 7-stages pipeline architectures. The designed parallel and pipeline converters have one clock and seven clock cycle of data latency respectively. The parallel and pipeline architectures for RGB to HSL converter have been achieved rate of accuracy by hardware verification up to 99% and 98% and possessed maximum operating frequency merit of 50 MHz and 120 MHz respectively.

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Publication

Comparison of Image Restoration using Median, Wiener, and Gaussian Filtering Techniques based on Electrical Tree

( 2021-01-01)

Abdulah C.S.K.

;

Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani

;

Baharuddin Ismail

;

Isa M.A.M.

;

Afifah Shuhada Rosmi

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

Electrical treeing lead to a major cause of a breakdown in solid insulation. Thus reduced solid insulation performance by degrading the insulation. Hence, it is important to study the electrical treeing and learn the root cause of the treeing formation. In this paper, the performances of median, wiener, and gaussian filters in restoring noisy images are studied based on electrical tree images. The electrical tree colour images is being transform into grayscale images, noisy images using impulse noise (salt and pepper), and finally motion blur are applied. Even though, there are several number of filters available, this paper focus on median, wiener, gaussian, and combination of the filters. In the end, comparison between these filters is made to study the efficiency using PSNR, SNR, and MSE in graph form.

Publication

Development of the Educational Tool for Optimized Algorithm Model Using MATLAB GUI

( 2021-01-01)

Aunkaew S.

;

Tantiviwat S.

;

Siti Zuraidah Ibrahim

Optimization algorithms are mathematical functions that are widely used to solve objective function problems through maximization or minimization. Typically, students at the beginner level face difficulties in understanding the complex mathematical solutions used in optimization algorithms. This paper presents an educational graphical user interface (GUI) for simulation of various topology optimization algorithms that users can use to explore the behavior of local search (LS), tabu search (TS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The GUI is created using the MATLAB GUIDE tool, which acts as a front-end interface that can be used for teaching as well as learning. Benchmark functions such as the De Jong first function (DF), the Griewank function (GF), the Himmelblau function (HF) and the Periodic function (PF) were used to validate the investigated optimization algorithms. The developed GUI has features where the user can enter functions, define boundary limits, specify solver parameters and select the type of output display. The results of the instance HF function shown using the GUI optimization tool are in good agreement with the benchmark function.

Publication

Effect of indium pre-flow on wavelength shift and crystal structure of deep green light emitting diodes

( 2021-01-01)

Shamsul Amir Abdul Rais

;

Hassan Z.

;

Bakar A.S.A.

;

Rahman M.N.A.

;

Yusuf Y.

;

Md Taib M.I.

;

Sulaiman A.F.

;

Hussin H.N.

;

Mohd Fairus Ahmad

;

Mohd Natashah Norizan

;

Nagai K.

;

Akimoto Y.

;

Shoji D.

To produce a deep green (530 nm–570 nm) LED, the suitable indium (In) composition in the InxGa1−xN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) structure is crucial because a lower indium composition will shift the wavelength of emission towards the ultraviolet region. In this paper, we clarify the effects of an indium-rich layer to suppress such blue shifting, especially after the annealing process. According to characterizations by the uses of XRD and TEM, narrowing of the MQW layer was observed by the indium capping, while without the capping, the annealing results in a slight narrowing of MQW on the nearest layer to the p-type layer. By adding an indium capping layer, the blue shift of the photoluminescence was also suppressed and a slight red shift to keep green emission was observed. Such photoluminescence properties were consistent with the tiny change of the MQW as seen in the XRD and TEM characterizations.

Publication

The Influence of Grasping Technique and Arm Posture on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery

( 2021-01-01)

Fitriyani N.

;

Ahmad Faizal Salleh

;

Mohammad Shahril Salim

;

Kasim M.F.

;

Nurhidayah Omar

;

Maz Jamilah Masnan

;

Ghazali Z.

Traditional archery is becoming popular and has attracted many people at different age level to acquire skills and finally participate in competitive games. It differs from modern recurve archery where it could not rely on equipment for accuracy and stability. It depends on the skilled developed by the archer and adaptability to the environment for competition. Technique of archery shooting was written in many books and may require investigation to confirm their effect on performance of an archer. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of arm posture and bow’s grasping techniques on the traditional archer’s shooting performance (higher score and minimal distance from bulls eye to the location where the arrow hits the target). Four experienced archers performed 5 m indoor shooting and their movement was recorded using motion capture system. The Square grasping technique resulted in more higher scores and minimal distance as compared to the other technique. Overall, the arm posture angle, Φ, did not influenced the shooting performance, except for the Oblique grasping technique.

Publication

Phyton-Based Smart Algorithm for 3 × 3 Rubik’s Cube Solver

( 2021-01-01)

Allan Melvin Andrew

;

Nik Zainab Nik Azizan

;

Amirah A.S.N.

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Tan Wei Hong

;

Faridah Wahab

;

Rezal S.

Rubik’s cubes are exciting to be play with, but solving it can be a bit tricky, especially when we are not having the insight of how to solve it. There are many ways to solve it. This research is about creating a Phyton based- program to solve a physical Rubik’s cube. This research uses webcam as sensor, and Raspberry Pi microcontroller to generate solution from images to twist Rubik’s cube using servo actuators. To make it easy to be used, the program is equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, the program run in a smartphone, web- based systems through internet to give information about the performance of the project. The research is intended to create a Rubik’s cube solver which can be used for education purpose and to help people solving Rubik’s cube autonomously using Internet-of-things. The initial prototype is limited to solve 3 × 3 standard Rubik’s cube with dimension 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.7 cm. This project uses Python language to create improvised Kociemba program and GUI. The developed coding is tested on the 3D printed Rubik’s Cube Solver. Based on the test conducted with implementation in the prototype, the robot manage to solve the Rubik’s cube with an average of 21 moves.

Publication

Removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by using recycled carbon black from waste tyres

( 2021-01-01)

Chen W.L.

;

Md Ali U.F.

;

Ahmad N.A.

;

Isa K.M.

;

Aziz M.A.A.

;

Khamidun M.H.

The conversion of industrial waste into adsorbent for wastewater treatment is desirable as it promises cost-effective adsorbent and reduces waste productions. Adsorption of the 4-nitrophenol by recycled carbon black (rCB) and modified rCB (MCB) was investigated in this research to determine their adsorption capacity by varying various parameters: initial concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The surface morphology, surface chemistry, iodine adsorption number and ash content of both samples were also analysed. The adsorption characteristic of 4-nitrophenol was determined by equilibrium and kinetic studies. Equilibrium isotherm was tested by using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 4-nitrophenol onto rCB and MCB was found to be 7.46 mg/g and 21.83 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of both rCB and MCB fit better to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This study also demonstrated MCB adsorbent better capability to remove 4-nitrophenol compounds in neutral and basic environments.

Publication

Size-Reduction of a Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas

( 2021-01-01)

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Ali A.

;

Zambak M.F.

;

Radzi M.F.

In this paper, a circularly polarized rectangular DRA has been designed and simulated for WiMAX, satellite, 5G NR band applications. The design uses an F-shaped conducting patch with a parasitic patch to excite the design. The bandwidth enhancement of the design has been achieved thorough the optimization of the patch placement and gap distance for both conducting patch and parasitic patch to cover the desired operating frequency. The S11<10 dB and axial ratio< -3 dB result covers the operating frequency range. The designing and optimization of the design has been carried out using the CST Studio Suite software.

Publication

Palmprint ROI Cropping Based on Enhanced Correlation Coefficient Maximisation Algorithm

( 2021-01-01)

Khalid N.A.A.

;

Ahmad M.I.

;

Mandeel T.H.

;

Isa M.N.M.

;

Ahmad R.A.R.

;

Al-Dabagh M.Z.N.

This paper proposes new technique to extract the Region of Interest (ROI) of palmprint biometric image while removing the distortion between images such as translation or rotation during ROI extraction. A similarity measure known as Enhanced Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is used in the proposed approach for better ROI extraction and image alignment, which helps to evaluate and determine the distortion. The objective of image alignment approaches are to find the deformation or transformation that minimizes the incongruities between images. After applying ECC algorithm the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted from the palmprint by using moore neighbors algorithm, on the other hand, to verify and validate the efficacy of the recommended method the PolyU palmprint dataset II was used. The results show the high accuracy is 99.8% in deriving the ROI and developing a robust ROI cropping system successfully.

Publication

A highly sustainable hydrothermal synthesized MnO2 as cathodic catalyst in solar photocatalytic fuel cell

( 2021-01-01)

Ong Y.P.

;

Ho Li Ngee

;

Ong Soon An

;

Banjuraizah Johar

;

Ibrahim A.H.

;

Thor S.H.

;

Yap K.L.

A unidirectional flow solar photocatalytic fuel cell (PFC) was successfully developed for the first time to offer alternative for electricity generation and simultaneous wastewater treatment. This study was focused on the synthesis of α-, δ- and β-MnO2 by wet chemical hydrothermal method for application as the cathodic catalyst in PFC. The crystallographic evolution was performed by varying the ratios of KMnO4 to MnSO4. The mechanism of the PFC with the MnO2/C as cathode was also discussed. Results showed that the catalytic activity of MnO2/C cathode was mainly predominated by their crystallographic structures which included Mn–O bond strength and tunnel size, following order of α- > δ- > β-MnO2/C. Interestingly, it was discovered that the specific surface areas (SBET) of different crystal phases did not give an impact on the PFC performance. However, the Pmax could be significantly influenced by the micropore surface area (Smicro) in the comparison among α-MnO2. Furthermore, the morphological transformation carried out by altering the hydrothermal duration demonstrated that the nanowire α-M3(24 h)/C with 1:1 ratio of KMnO4 and MnSO4 yielded excellent PFC performance with a Pmax of 2.8680 μW cm−2 and the lowest Rint of 700 Ω.

Publication

Progressive tool wear in machining of aluminum alloy: The influence of solid lubricant nanoparticles

( 2021-01-01)

Zailani Zainal Abidin

;

Jaaffar N.S.

;

Roshaliza Hamidon

;

Harun A.

;

Jaafar H.

The abstract should summarize the contents of the paper in short terms, i.e. 150–250 words. Aluminum alloy 7075 are used in a variety of applications particularly in automotive and aerospace industry owing to their features of lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistant properties. However, build up edge (BUE) and material adhesion either on cutting tool or workpiece render these materials difficult to machine. Their machining is associated with rapid tool wear and poor workpiece quality. Cutting fluids are currently the common solution to these problems although there are concerns on their use in terms of health footprint and environmental effects. Thus, new innovations are crucial to enhance the machinability as well as diminishing hazards through encouraging greener machining techniques. In this research, the use of solid lubricants; graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles to augment minimum quantity lubricant were researched in macro drilling. Effects of four different machining conditions namely dry, minimum quantity lubricant, minimum quantity lubricant dispersed with graphene and hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticles were investigated on their progressive tool wear behavior. A notable finding is that the nanoparticles of solid lubricants had a significant factor in improving machinability of aluminum alloy 7075 compared to dry and minimum quantity lubricant alone. It was observed that the use of minimum quantity lubricant dispersed with hexagonal boron nitride demonstrated desirable tool life enhancement, tool wear reduction and number of holes drilled increment.

Publication

Modulation index and phase imbalance of dual-sideband optical carrier suppression (DSB-OCS) in optical Millimeter-wave system

( 2021-01-01)

Yaakob S.

;

Mahmood R.M.

;

Zan Z.

;

Mohd Rashidi Che Beson

;

Mahmud A.

;

Anas S.B.A.

This paper presents a Dual-sideband Optical Carrier Suppression (DSB-OCS) technique which is used to generate an optical millimeter-wave (mm-wave) signal in radio over fiber (RoF) systems. The proposed system employs a Dual-Electrode Mach-Zehnder Modulator (DE-MZM) and a carrier of 40 GHz mm-wave for data transmission through the RoF systems. Characteristics determining the performance of the system, among which are the modulation index, phase imbalance and dispersion parameters, are included. The performance evaluations of the system show that the mm-wave signal output power follows MZM’s transfer function when the modulation index is raised. Moreover, the generated optical mm-wave signal power is affected by phase imbalance and optical splitting ratio. It is observed that the optical fiber dispersion influences the DSB-OCS system by decreasing the amplitude of the mm-wave and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).

Publication

Hybrid Dy-NFIS & RLS equalization for ZCC code in optical-CDMA over multi-mode optical fiber

( 2021-01-01)

Ghazi A.

;

Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid

;

Syed Zulkarnain Syed Idrus

;

Fareed A.

;

Al-dawoodi A.

;

Mohd Rashidi Che Beson

;

Rosdisham Endut

;

Ali N.

;

Mohsin A.H.

;

Abdullah S.S.

For long haul coherent optical fiber communication systems, it is significant to precisely monitor the quality of transmission links and optical signals. The channel capacity beyond Shannon limit of Single-mode optical fiber (SMOF) is achieved with the help of Multi-mode optical fiber (MMOF), where the signal is multiplexed in different spatial modes. To increase single-mode transmission capacity and to avoid a foreseen “capacity crunch”, researchers have been motivated to employ MMOF as an alternative. Furthermore, different multiplexing techniques could be applied in MMOF to improve the communication system. One of these techniques is the Optical Code Division Multiple Access (Optical-CDMA), which simplifies and decentralizes network controls to improve spectral efficiency and information security increasing flexibility in bandwidth granularity. This technique also allows synchronous and simultaneous transmission medium to be shared by many users. However, during the propagation of the data over the MMOF based on Optical-CDMA, an inevitable encountered issue is pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI due to mode coupling. Moreover, pulse dispersion, nonlinearity and MAI are significant aspects for the evaluation of the performance of high-speed MMOF communication systems based on Optical-CDMA. This work suggests a hybrid algorithm based on nonlinear algorithm (Dynamic evolving neural fuzzy inference (Dy-NFIS)) and linear algorithm (Recursive least squares (RLS)) equalization for ZCC code in Optical-CDMA over MMOF. Root mean squared error (RMSE), mean squared error (MSE) and Structural Similarity index (SSIM) are used to measure performance results.

Publication

Fabrication and Mechanical Testing of Blended PVOH/Kenaf Reinforced Starch Composite for Future Packaging Application

( 2021-01-01)

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Nik Zainab Nik Azizan

;

Allan Melvin Andrew

;

Faridah W.

;

Tan W.H.

;

Amirah A.S.N.

;

Othman N.S.

The mechanical and morphological properties of PVOH/kenaf fibre thin film was studied. The additive used on this research was tapioca starch. Thin films were fabricated using method of solution casting. The thin films composites with different kenaf fibre loadings (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 wt%) were mixed at a temperature of 80 °C with water bath for 1 h and casted on petri dish and let them oven dried at 50 °C for 24 h. The purpose of the current research was to determine the mechanical and morphological properties of PVOH/KF thin film composites with and without addition of starch. The results of this investigation show that the thin film with addition of 5 wt% of tapioca starch has better tensile strength, which is 35.15 MPa, compare to without tapioca starch, which is 29 MPa. The second major finding was that the morphological observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) reveals improvement of adhesion between kenaf fibre with PVOH matric as addition of tapioca starch.

Publication

Dct image compression implemented on raspberry pi to compress image captured by cmos image sensor

( 2021-01-01)

Mohsin I.S.

;

Muhammad Imran Ahmad

;

Salman S.M.

;

Al-Dabagh M.Z.N.

;

Isa M.N.M.

;

Raja Abdullah Raja Ahmad

The purpose of compression is to reduce the amount of data at the same time maintain the quality of image and signal for the other purpose. Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is a family of image compression where the raw image is transformed to the other domain to produce smaller size of data. DCT transform has low computational complexity and fast processing algorithm. In this project, DCT transform will be implemented using PI camera and Raspberry Pi SBC development board running on an ARM based processor. The raspberry Pi board has an advantage of image processing implementation due to the existing software development tool offered a rich feature for image processing such as OPENCV. The result of applying DCT compression algorithm on images with six compression rate level which are 10, 20, 50, 100, 170 and 200. The best performance can be achieved with compression rate level 200. However, on reducing the quality level of compression rate, the error measurements start becoming worse until a point is reached, where the perceptual difference from the original image can be easily noted.

Publication

Analysis of familiar and unfamiliar images using power spectral estimation for EEG authentication system

( 2021-01-01)

Rosli F.A.

;

Saidatul A.

;

Azian Azamimi Abdullah

;

Hilmi A.H.

Biometric authentication is a system used for recognizing an individual according to their physiological and behavioral characteristics, Recently, the application of biometric authentication is the most useful in cybersecurity such as fingerprints, facial, and voices. Traditional authentication such as password and PIN have been used for a decade, however, they bring drawbacks to the users which were attacked by cybercriminals. Therefore, the brainwave of electroencephalogram (EEG) is proposed as the biometric trait to encounter the problems faced. The aim of this study is to explore the feature extraction method by applying the power spectral estimation method as linear feature analysis such as the Welch method, Burg Method, Yule-Walker method, Covariance method and Modified Covariance method. After extracting five features, the statistics of mean, median, variance, and the standard deviation is computed and fed into three types of shallow classifiers including the Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbors, and Support Vector Machine. As a result, the Yule-Walker feature contributes to the highest average accuracy and the Neural Network using Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) has achieved the highest accuracy for all frequency bands. In fact, the highest frequency band obtained by gamma (30-45 Hz) followed by highbeta (20-30 Hz), lowbeta (13-20 Hz) and alpha (8-13 Hz). Overall, all three features and three classifiers are able to achieve between 70.1% to 98.2% of accuracy which shows that it can differentiate between different tasks.

Publication

Combination of light and oxygen accelerates formation of covalent protein-polyphenol bonding during chill storage of meat added 4-methyl catechol

( 2021-01-01)

Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin

;

Jongberg S.

;

Lund M.N.

Plant polyphenols applied as natural antioxidant ingredients, are known to bind to cysteine residues on meat proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of light exposure on the formation of cysteine-phenol adduct in meat added 4-methylcatechol (4MC), a model polyphenol, during storage through quantitative LC-MS/MS-based analysis. Cysteine-4-methylcatechol adduct (Cys-4MC) formation in meat added 1500 ppm 4-MC increased significantly (by 50%) when stored under light in oxygen at 4 °C for 7 days as compared to storage in the dark. This was reflected by a significant decrease in thiol concentrations in the same sample. Gel electrophoresis showed loss in myosin heavy chain (MHC), and a resulting increase in cross-linked MHC (CL-MHC) and larger protein polymers in samples added 4MC. Protein blots stained with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed intensive protein-polyphenol binding in the meat samples added 4MC, but no major differences between storage conditions.

Publication

Antihyperlipidemic potential of diosmin in Swiss Albino mice with high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia

( 2021-01-01)

Firdous S.M.

;

Hazra S.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

El-Desouky G.E.

;

Aboul-Soud M.A.M.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic potential of Diosmin (DS) in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Animals were divided in five groups (n = 6). The total duration of the study was 90 days split into two intervals. During the first 45-day interval, mice were administered with HFD, whereas during the second 45-day interval they were co-administered HFD plus DS or the standard drug atorvastatin. DS was administered at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg;p.o. DS treatment to HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice caused significant decrements in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C. Moreover, DS resulted in significant increase in the levels of HDL-C and improvements in total protein levels, whereas it caused remarkable decreases in SGOT, SGPT and ALP enzymatic activities in hyperlipidemic mice. Histopathological examination of hyperlipidemic mice revealed a disorganized hepatic tissue, fatty changes, and mononuclear cell infiltration, which were all ameliorated by DS administration. The results revealed that DS possesses potential ameliorating benefits again.st hyperlipidemia induced by HFD on lipid profile, liver function enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture. Further investigations are highly recommended and clinical trials are warranted in order to assess the efficacy and to fully dissect the mode-of-action underpinning the observed antihyperlipidemic effect of DS.

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