UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Publications 2021 by Issue Date

Publication

A study of lower limb muscles fatigue during running based on EMG signals

( 2019-07-01)

Yousif H.A.

;

Norasmadi Abdul Rahim

;

Ahmad Faizal Salleh

;

Ammar Zakaria

;

Alfarhan K.A.

;

Mahmood M.

Incorrect running may lead to discomfort and injuries, where each day around the world, the numbers of runners are increasing. The goal of this research work is to evaluate and study the lower limb muscles fatigue during running for 400-meters with two types of running strategies based on the Electromyography (EMG) signals. The EMG signals are collected from Rectus Femoris (RF), Biceps Femoris (BF), and Gastrocnemius Lateralis (GL) muscles during the run on the tartan athletic track with two types of running strategies. The first type: the first 200-meters running with normal speed and the last 200-meters running with full speed. The second type: the first 300-meters running with normal speed and the last 100-meters running with full speed. The EMG signals were transformed into the frequency domain using fast Fourier transform (FFT) to extract the features of mean frequency (MNF) and median frequency (MDF). From the results of the two strategies with MDF and MNF features of the selected muscles, the lowest fatigue index was during the 1st strategy for most the selected muscles.

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Publication

An experimental work on effect of bending down conductor with reinforced concrete

( 2020-01-07)

Amizah Md. Ariffen

;

Syahrun Nizam Md Arshad @ Hashim

;

Ab Kadir M.Z.A.

;

Jasni J.

;

Nasrul Helmei Halim

Down conductor is one of the pivotal parts of the Lightning Protection System (LPS) that diverting the lightning current captured by the air termination system to the earth termination system in each protected structure. A straight down conductor, is ideally suited for the best-case scenario regarding reliability and safety protection. One to aesthetical aspects, down conductor is undesirably bent in most current buildings. However, only the primary bare type of a down conductor is undergone such process, and bent at a certain degree which depending on the structure itself. Hence, this study is to investigate the bending degree effect on down conductors, by looking at breakdown voltage around the bent area with the presence of concrete wall and reinforcement bar. This experimental work conducted on a reduced scale of reinforced concrete which tested with high impulse voltage. It was determined that the bending down conductors has a significant effect on the bent (vertex) area with the interaction of concrete wall and reinforcement bar.

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Publication

Comparative Study of Parallelism and Pipelining of RGB to HSL Colour Space Conversion Architecture on FPGA

( 2020-03-20)

Ehkan P.

;

Siew S.V.

;

Zakaria F.F.

;

Mohd Warip M.N.

;

Ilyas M.Z.

RGB colour model is a basic colour model and complements together to produce full colour range but it is unable to produce sufficient information for digital image analysis. However, HSL is capable to provide other useful information such as colour in degree, saturation of the colour and brightness of colour. In this work, RGB to HSL mathematical conversion algorithm is implemented on FPGA chip. Parallelism and pipelining capabilities of FPGA helps to speed up conversion performance. The RGB to HSL equation is implemented by using two architectures which are parallel and 7-stages pipeline architectures. The designed parallel and pipeline converters have one clock and seven clock cycle of data latency respectively. The parallel and pipeline architectures for RGB to HSL converter have been achieved rate of accuracy by hardware verification up to 99% and 98% and possessed maximum operating frequency merit of 50 MHz and 120 MHz respectively.

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Publication

Comparison of Image Restoration using Median, Wiener, and Gaussian Filtering Techniques based on Electrical Tree

( 2021-01-01)

Abdulah C.S.K.

;

Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani

;

Baharuddin Ismail

;

Isa M.A.M.

;

Afifah Shuhada Rosmi

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

Electrical treeing lead to a major cause of a breakdown in solid insulation. Thus reduced solid insulation performance by degrading the insulation. Hence, it is important to study the electrical treeing and learn the root cause of the treeing formation. In this paper, the performances of median, wiener, and gaussian filters in restoring noisy images are studied based on electrical tree images. The electrical tree colour images is being transform into grayscale images, noisy images using impulse noise (salt and pepper), and finally motion blur are applied. Even though, there are several number of filters available, this paper focus on median, wiener, gaussian, and combination of the filters. In the end, comparison between these filters is made to study the efficiency using PSNR, SNR, and MSE in graph form.

Publication

Development of the Educational Tool for Optimized Algorithm Model Using MATLAB GUI

( 2021-01-01)

Aunkaew S.

;

Tantiviwat S.

;

Siti Zuraidah Ibrahim

Optimization algorithms are mathematical functions that are widely used to solve objective function problems through maximization or minimization. Typically, students at the beginner level face difficulties in understanding the complex mathematical solutions used in optimization algorithms. This paper presents an educational graphical user interface (GUI) for simulation of various topology optimization algorithms that users can use to explore the behavior of local search (LS), tabu search (TS) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithms. The GUI is created using the MATLAB GUIDE tool, which acts as a front-end interface that can be used for teaching as well as learning. Benchmark functions such as the De Jong first function (DF), the Griewank function (GF), the Himmelblau function (HF) and the Periodic function (PF) were used to validate the investigated optimization algorithms. The developed GUI has features where the user can enter functions, define boundary limits, specify solver parameters and select the type of output display. The results of the instance HF function shown using the GUI optimization tool are in good agreement with the benchmark function.

Publication

Effect of indium pre-flow on wavelength shift and crystal structure of deep green light emitting diodes

( 2021-01-01)

Shamsul Amir Abdul Rais

;

Hassan Z.

;

Bakar A.S.A.

;

Rahman M.N.A.

;

Yusuf Y.

;

Md Taib M.I.

;

Sulaiman A.F.

;

Hussin H.N.

;

Mohd Fairus Ahmad

;

Mohd Natashah Norizan

;

Nagai K.

;

Akimoto Y.

;

Shoji D.

To produce a deep green (530 nm–570 nm) LED, the suitable indium (In) composition in the InxGa1−xN/GaN multi-quantum well (MQW) structure is crucial because a lower indium composition will shift the wavelength of emission towards the ultraviolet region. In this paper, we clarify the effects of an indium-rich layer to suppress such blue shifting, especially after the annealing process. According to characterizations by the uses of XRD and TEM, narrowing of the MQW layer was observed by the indium capping, while without the capping, the annealing results in a slight narrowing of MQW on the nearest layer to the p-type layer. By adding an indium capping layer, the blue shift of the photoluminescence was also suppressed and a slight red shift to keep green emission was observed. Such photoluminescence properties were consistent with the tiny change of the MQW as seen in the XRD and TEM characterizations.

Publication

The Influence of Grasping Technique and Arm Posture on Shooting Performance in Traditional Archery

( 2021-01-01)

Fitriyani N.

;

Ahmad Faizal Salleh

;

Mohammad Shahril Salim

;

Kasim M.F.

;

Nurhidayah Omar

;

Maz Jamilah Masnan

;

Ghazali Z.

Traditional archery is becoming popular and has attracted many people at different age level to acquire skills and finally participate in competitive games. It differs from modern recurve archery where it could not rely on equipment for accuracy and stability. It depends on the skilled developed by the archer and adaptability to the environment for competition. Technique of archery shooting was written in many books and may require investigation to confirm their effect on performance of an archer. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the effect of arm posture and bow’s grasping techniques on the traditional archer’s shooting performance (higher score and minimal distance from bulls eye to the location where the arrow hits the target). Four experienced archers performed 5 m indoor shooting and their movement was recorded using motion capture system. The Square grasping technique resulted in more higher scores and minimal distance as compared to the other technique. Overall, the arm posture angle, Φ, did not influenced the shooting performance, except for the Oblique grasping technique.

Publication

Phyton-Based Smart Algorithm for 3 × 3 Rubik’s Cube Solver

( 2021-01-01)

Allan Melvin Andrew

;

Nik Zainab Nik Azizan

;

Amirah A.S.N.

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Tan Wei Hong

;

Faridah Wahab

;

Rezal S.

Rubik’s cubes are exciting to be play with, but solving it can be a bit tricky, especially when we are not having the insight of how to solve it. There are many ways to solve it. This research is about creating a Phyton based- program to solve a physical Rubik’s cube. This research uses webcam as sensor, and Raspberry Pi microcontroller to generate solution from images to twist Rubik’s cube using servo actuators. To make it easy to be used, the program is equipped with Graphical User Interface (GUI) and Internet of Things (IoT). Hence, the program run in a smartphone, web- based systems through internet to give information about the performance of the project. The research is intended to create a Rubik’s cube solver which can be used for education purpose and to help people solving Rubik’s cube autonomously using Internet-of-things. The initial prototype is limited to solve 3 × 3 standard Rubik’s cube with dimension 5.7 × 5.7 × 5.7 cm. This project uses Python language to create improvised Kociemba program and GUI. The developed coding is tested on the 3D printed Rubik’s Cube Solver. Based on the test conducted with implementation in the prototype, the robot manage to solve the Rubik’s cube with an average of 21 moves.

Publication

Removal of 4-nitrophenol from aqueous solution by using recycled carbon black from waste tyres

( 2021-01-01)

Chen W.L.

;

Md Ali U.F.

;

Ahmad N.A.

;

Isa K.M.

;

Aziz M.A.A.

;

Khamidun M.H.

The conversion of industrial waste into adsorbent for wastewater treatment is desirable as it promises cost-effective adsorbent and reduces waste productions. Adsorption of the 4-nitrophenol by recycled carbon black (rCB) and modified rCB (MCB) was investigated in this research to determine their adsorption capacity by varying various parameters: initial concentration, pH, contact time and adsorbent dosage. The surface morphology, surface chemistry, iodine adsorption number and ash content of both samples were also analysed. The adsorption characteristic of 4-nitrophenol was determined by equilibrium and kinetic studies. Equilibrium isotherm was tested by using Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum adsorption capacity of 4-nitrophenol onto rCB and MCB was found to be 7.46 mg/g and 21.83 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetic data of both rCB and MCB fit better to pseudo-second-order kinetic model. This study also demonstrated MCB adsorbent better capability to remove 4-nitrophenol compounds in neutral and basic environments.

Publication

Size-Reduction of a Dual-Band Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antennas

( 2021-01-01)

Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

;

Ali A.

;

Zambak M.F.

;

Radzi M.F.

In this paper, a circularly polarized rectangular DRA has been designed and simulated for WiMAX, satellite, 5G NR band applications. The design uses an F-shaped conducting patch with a parasitic patch to excite the design. The bandwidth enhancement of the design has been achieved thorough the optimization of the patch placement and gap distance for both conducting patch and parasitic patch to cover the desired operating frequency. The S11<10 dB and axial ratio< -3 dB result covers the operating frequency range. The designing and optimization of the design has been carried out using the CST Studio Suite software.

Publication

Palmprint ROI Cropping Based on Enhanced Correlation Coefficient Maximisation Algorithm

( 2021-01-01)

Khalid N.A.A.

;

Ahmad M.I.

;

Mandeel T.H.

;

Isa M.N.M.

;

Ahmad R.A.R.

;

Al-Dabagh M.Z.N.

This paper proposes new technique to extract the Region of Interest (ROI) of palmprint biometric image while removing the distortion between images such as translation or rotation during ROI extraction. A similarity measure known as Enhanced Correlation Coefficient (ECC) is used in the proposed approach for better ROI extraction and image alignment, which helps to evaluate and determine the distortion. The objective of image alignment approaches are to find the deformation or transformation that minimizes the incongruities between images. After applying ECC algorithm the Region of Interest (ROI) is extracted from the palmprint by using moore neighbors algorithm, on the other hand, to verify and validate the efficacy of the recommended method the PolyU palmprint dataset II was used. The results show the high accuracy is 99.8% in deriving the ROI and developing a robust ROI cropping system successfully.

Publication

Combination of light and oxygen accelerates formation of covalent protein-polyphenol bonding during chill storage of meat added 4-methyl catechol

( 2021-01-01)

Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin

;

Jongberg S.

;

Lund M.N.

Plant polyphenols applied as natural antioxidant ingredients, are known to bind to cysteine residues on meat proteins. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of light exposure on the formation of cysteine-phenol adduct in meat added 4-methylcatechol (4MC), a model polyphenol, during storage through quantitative LC-MS/MS-based analysis. Cysteine-4-methylcatechol adduct (Cys-4MC) formation in meat added 1500 ppm 4-MC increased significantly (by 50%) when stored under light in oxygen at 4 °C for 7 days as compared to storage in the dark. This was reflected by a significant decrease in thiol concentrations in the same sample. Gel electrophoresis showed loss in myosin heavy chain (MHC), and a resulting increase in cross-linked MHC (CL-MHC) and larger protein polymers in samples added 4MC. Protein blots stained with nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) showed intensive protein-polyphenol binding in the meat samples added 4MC, but no major differences between storage conditions.

Publication

Antihyperlipidemic potential of diosmin in Swiss Albino mice with high-fat diet induced hyperlipidemia

( 2021-01-01)

Firdous S.M.

;

Hazra S.

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

El-Desouky G.E.

;

Aboul-Soud M.A.M.

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihyperlipidemic potential of Diosmin (DS) in mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD). Animals were divided in five groups (n = 6). The total duration of the study was 90 days split into two intervals. During the first 45-day interval, mice were administered with HFD, whereas during the second 45-day interval they were co-administered HFD plus DS or the standard drug atorvastatin. DS was administered at the dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg;p.o. DS treatment to HFD-induced hyperlipidemic mice caused significant decrements in the levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C. Moreover, DS resulted in significant increase in the levels of HDL-C and improvements in total protein levels, whereas it caused remarkable decreases in SGOT, SGPT and ALP enzymatic activities in hyperlipidemic mice. Histopathological examination of hyperlipidemic mice revealed a disorganized hepatic tissue, fatty changes, and mononuclear cell infiltration, which were all ameliorated by DS administration. The results revealed that DS possesses potential ameliorating benefits again.st hyperlipidemia induced by HFD on lipid profile, liver function enzymes and hepatic histoarchitecture. Further investigations are highly recommended and clinical trials are warranted in order to assess the efficacy and to fully dissect the mode-of-action underpinning the observed antihyperlipidemic effect of DS.

Publication

Bifurcation analysis of an exothermic biocatalytic reaction system

( 2021-01-01)

Desa A.M.

;

Mohd M.H.

;

Uzir M.H.

This paper focuses on the bifurcation analysis of an exothermic biocatalytic reaction system (EBRS). The objectives of the study were to provide a detailed dynamical systems analysis of an exothermic biocatalytic reaction and examine the long-term behaviours of the system using the techniques from phase portraits and bifurcation analysis. We investigated the combined influences of the proportional control constant and dilution rate on the dynamics of the model. Phase portraits relating to distinct outcomes of EBRS were computed to investigate the existence of different attractors in this system and its stability. Under a fixed dilution rate and different values of proportional control constant, there were four distinct outcomes in our model, which were stable steady states, bistability of two stable steady states, bistability between stable steady states and limit cycle and stable limit cycles. A bifurcation analysis (of codimensions one and two) was performed to examine how the overall dynamics change as chemically relevant parameters were varied. We observed that when the values of proportional control constant were high, the system would achieve stable steady states regardless of how fast the dilution rate was. With lower magnitudes of proportional constant control, bistability occurred and the outcomes of this system depended on the initial conditions. Compared to higher dilution rates scenario, reactions that occurred at lower dilution rates provided higher reaction yields for this EBRS operation; it was also observed that both scenarios produced stable steady-state outcomes with different concentrations. In conclusion, the dynamical system analysis of the model improves our understanding of the EBRS under consideration and these insights may be beneficial for optimising operating conditions of this chemical system.

Publication

Face recognition using pca implemented on raspberry pi

( 2021-01-01)

Mohammed I.M.

;

Al-Dabagh M.Z.N.

;

Ahmad M.I.

;

Isa M.N.M.

Currently, many consumers electronic are utilizing personal identification technique such as ID, fingerprint, face, Iris and palmprint recognition for security reason. Among other biometric traits, face image is easy to capture using Pi Camera. This paper proposes facial recognition using principle component analysis (PCA) method implemented using Raspberry Pi embedded processor. The algorithm is model using PC based method to identify the best eigenvector to represent facial image. The pre-calculated statistical parameter is then used to implement the PCA algorithm in Raspberry Pi embedded processor. OpenCV image processing libraries is use to support the basic task of image pre-processing such as cropping, resize and color conversion. In the propose work, the whole system is implemented in low cost processor to evaluate the performance in terms of recognition rates and processing time. The proposed method includes three main phases. The pre-processing phase processes facial ORL image and to collect significant information. The second phase extracts important features from image and decreases the size of the image using the PCA method. This phase uses a linear projection technique to decrease redundancies and remove noise from the image. Moreover, this strategy also improves the strength of discrimination power in the feature space. The Euclidean distance classifier is utilized in the third phase of classification. The best recognition rates achieved using the propose method is 82.5% implemented using low cost embedded system.

Publication

The Effect of Infrared Drying on Orthosiphon Stamineus Leaves Quality

( 2021-01-01)

Palanisamy V.V.

;

Mohd Saifizi Saidon

;

Norawanis Abdul Razak

;

Ismail K.A.

;

Siti Kartini Enche Ab Rahim

;

Sulong M.M.S.

;

Alkhayyat A.

;

Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

;

Salah O.R.

The dryer system is an important part of the drying of food and herbs, among other things. As a result, a special dryer is needed to keep the food or herbs fresh for as long as possible without killing the good nutrients. In this project, Orthosiphon stamineus herb will be used to dry using an Infrared dryer. Infrared drying involves transferring heat by radiation from a hot source to a lower-temperature substance that has to be heated or dried. The temperature of the heated element determines the peak wavelength of the radiation. The purpose of this project is to design an infrared dryer system and analyze the quality of the dried herb. The Orthosiphon Stamineus have been dried using a 200W Infrared dryer system at 60°C for 2hours. Total phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method and the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity assay and evaluated using a UV/VIS Spectrophotometer, respectively. A moisture analyzer was used to look at the changes in moisture content, and a colorimeter was used to look at the colour changes. The result showed that drying O.stamineus under 60°C has significantly affected the herbal leaves quality in terms of moisture content, colour properties, Antioxidant capacity, and Total phenolic content.

Publication

Evaluation of shot peening machined surface by image processing

( 2021-01-01)

Shimizu T.

;

Haramiishi Y.

;

Rahim Y.A.

;

Alihan S.

;

Kobayashi Y.

;

Matsui A.

;

Kotani S.

;

Watanabe H.

This paper describes an evaluation method of shot peened surface using image processing. Shot peening is a process that applies compressive residual stress to the product surface, and its evaluation is performed visually by an expert. If visual inspection can be replaced with image processing, the inspection of the entire product will be easier. Therefore, first reference samples that experts evaluate are prepared, next these samples are evaluated by image processing. relationship between expert evaluations and image processing evaluations are compared and the estimation function is defined using gausian distribution. Unknown processed surfaces are evaluated as a classification problem. For image processing, after binarization and labeling, the number of labels and the area ratio of binarization are used.

Publication

Effect of tool engagement on cutting force for different step over in milling aisi p20 tool steel

( 2021-01-01)

Roshaliza Hamidon

;

Mohamed N.I.

;

Saravanan R.

;

Azmi H.

;

Zailani Zainal Abidin

;

Mohd Fathullah Ghazli@Ghazali

In mold production, end milling with tool path strategies is required for the process known as pocket operation. Different step overs involve depending on the type of tool path strategy used. Thus, different engagement will occur and leads to fluctuation of cutting force due to different step over during the process. However, most of study before focused on the effect of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut only in machining AISI P20. Thus, in this study, step over will be considered as one of the factor to improve machining force. The objective of this study are to evaluate the effect of cutting parameters and step over on cutting force and to study the behavior of cutting force for different tool engagement. A series of milling operation was carried out by varying cutting speed and feed rate. However, the depth of cut was set to 0.25 mm for each run. Step over with 100%, 75% and 50% were selected in this study. L27 Taguchi and S/N ratio were used to determine the significant factors that influence the result. Within the range of cutting parameters selected, feed rate were found to be the most significant parameters that influence cutting force. The highest cutting force found for 100% step over compared to 75% and 50% step over. According to the result, cutting force increased as the step over increased. In can be concluded that, step over is one of the important cutting parameter that affected machining output.

Publication

Investigation of a real-time driver eye-closeness for the application of drowsiness detection

( 2021-01-01)

Kamazlan M.Z.B.

;

Khairunizam W.

;

Halin A.H.

;

Nor M.R.M.

;

Azian Azamimi Abdullah

;

Mokhtar N.

The increase in accident and death rates due to drowsiness while driving raises concerns to the community. An efficient solution is vital to ensure the safety of all drivers on the road. Most previous studies have analyzed drowsiness using head tilt, yawning, and eye condition. Face detection applied in drowsiness detection from previous research not included distances between subject and camera. The features used for eye detection required large storage and long-term process which are not applicable in a real-time system. This study uses Haar algorithm and analysis is performed based on the size of the region of interest for face detection. Eye monitoring uses facial landmark features and the evaluation is dependent on the width of the eye. The percentage of eye closure is used to describe the eyes as closed. This study only takes into account the normal rate of blinking eyes while driving because of the long-time constraints required for a person to be in a drowsy state. In this research, the Raspberry Pi 3B+ and Pi cameras are used as processing and vision devices. The highest accuracy of face detection achieved based on the ROI area at a distance of 80 cm is 98.33%. The lowest difference between eye width and the intercanthal distance is 0.36%. The overall normal eye blink rate while driving is in the range of the normal eye blink rate which does not exceed 20 blinks/min as reported by the previous researcher.

Publication

Determinants of career success: A case study of male teachers in secondary schools

( 2021-01-01)

SALAHUDIN S.N.

;

RAMLI H.S.

;

RAZAK M.H.A.

;

ABDULLAH M.S.

;

MASUM A.

Malaysian secondary schools are facing a shortage of male teachers. Almost 70% of the teaching profession is dominated by female teachers. There is an obvious gap in the reason why teaching is not preferred by the male gender. This study intends to find the determinants of career success among male teachers with the hope of revealing the career success factors that are associated with male teachers. A survey was done among 140 male teachers in secondary schools in the state of Malacca, Malaysia. Results showed that 4out of 5 of the determinants factors are significantly explaining career success among the teachers (Emotional Intelligence, Person-Job-Fit, Career Adaptability & Work-Life Balance) while one is unable to explain the career success of the teachers (Career Commitment). The findings enable policymakers to prioritize and draft better career development plans for the teachers that focus on issues about the recruitment of more emotional intelligence teachers, optimize person-job-fit and designing jobs that emphasize work-life balance.

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