Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • Publication
    Extraction of Spear Grass (Imperata Cylindrica) as Pro-Oxidant In polymer blends
    ( 2018) ;
    N. A. Abdul Halim
    ;
    K.F. Kasim
    ;
    S.T. Sam
    ;
    H.I. Zulhaimi
    ;
    Packaging material such as plastic bags is one of the main factors that contribute to the environmental pollution due to slow degradation. The usage of metal oxide as pro-oxidant has been proven to accelerate the degradation of these materials, but the excessive usage of this pro-oxidant will be harmful to the human body. Therefore, in this research, spear grass is investigated to be used as natural based pro-oxidant that can increase the degradation rate of the polymers. In terms of that, spear grass is extracted by using pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) to obtain the metal element such as zinc (Zn) and ferum (Fe). PHWE is using water as a solvent which is highly favourable due to non-toxicity and non-flammable characteristics that make it easy to handle. Box-Behnken design is used to optimize the temperature, extraction time, and sample-to-solvent ratio to get the maximum amount of Zn and Fe concentration from the extracted spear grass. As a conclusion, the leaf of spear grass contributed the highest amount of Zn and Fe concentration. The highest amount of Zn and Fe concentration is achieved at 150 °C, 20 minutes, and 3 g of sample to 45 ml of water.
  • Publication
    Preliminary studies on antimicrobial activity of extracts from aloe vera leaf, citrus hystrix leaf, zingiber officinale and Sabah snake grass against bacillus subtilis
    Herbal plants have several potential antimicrobial activities either as antifungal or antibacterial to fight against the disease and pathogen that attack the plants. The extractions of the Aloe vera leaf, Citrus hystrix leaf, Zingiber officinale rhizome and Sabah snake grass were selected in this study to fight against Bacillus subtilis. B. subtilis is a Gram-positive bacterium, rodshaped and catalase-positive that lives on decayed organic material. It is known as Gram-positive bacteria because of its thick peptidoglycan and would appear purple when subjected to Gram test. This species is commonly found in the upper layers of the soil, in meat or vegetables, in pastry, cooked meat, in bread or poultry products. The extracts of Sabah Snake Grass found to be most effective than A.vera leaf, Z. officinale, and C. hystrix against the B. subtilis.
  • Publication
    Conductometric immunosensor for specific Escherichia coli O157:H7 detection on chemically funcationalizaed interdigitated aptasensor
    ( 2024)
    Muhammad Nur Afnan Uda
    ;
    Alaa Kamal Yousif Dafhalla
    ;
    Thikra S. Dhahi
    ;
    ; ;
    Asral Bahari ambek
    ;
    ; ;
    Nur Hulwani Ibrahim
    ;
    Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a strain of Escherichia coli known for causing foodborne illness through the consumption of contaminated or raw food. To detect this pathogen, a conductometric immunosensor was developed using a conductometric sensing approach. The sensor was con-structed on an interdigitated electrode and modified with a monoclonal anti-Escherichia coli O157: H7 aptamer. A total of 200 electrode pairs were fabricated and modified to bind to the target molecule replica. The binding replica, acting as the bio-recognizer, was linked to the electrode surface using 3-Aminopropyl triethoxysilane. The sensor exhibited excellent performance, detecting Escherichia coli O157:H7 in a short time frame and demonstrating a wide detection range of 1 fM to 1 nM. Concentrations of Escherichia coli O157:H7 were detected within this range, with a minimum detection limit of 1 fM. This innovative sensor offers simplicity, speed, high sensitivity, selectivity, and the potential for rapid sample processing. The potential of this pro-posed biosensor is particularly beneficial in applications such as drug screening, environmental monitoring, and disease diagnosis, where real-time information on biomolecular interactions is crucial for timely decision-making and where cross-reactivity or interference may compromise the accuracy of the analysis.
  • Publication
    Facile electrical DNA genosensor for human papillomavirus (HPV 58) for early detection of cervical cancer
    ( 2023-07)
    F. Nadhirah Jaapar
    ;
    ; ; ; ; ;
    Sh. Nadzirah
    ;
    ; ;
    Wei Chern Ang
    ;
    Iffah Izzati Zakaria
    ;
    Zulida Rejali
    ;
    Amilia Afzan
    ;
    Azrul Azlan Hamzah
    ;
    Chang Fu Dee
    ;
    F. Syakirah Halim
    For decades, a Pap smear test has been applied as a conventional method in detecting Human Papillomavirus caused cervical cancer. False-positive results were also recorded while using it as conventional method. Current biosensor such as Hybrid (II) Capture resulted in higher time consumption and cost. s Meanwhile, in this study we provided facile, mini, rapid, highly sensitive, eco-friendly, and cost-effective sensing system focusing on HPV strain 58 (HPV58) in a nano-size lab-on-chip technology genosensor. 30-mer of virus ssDNA designed and analyzed as a probe via bioinformatics tools such as GenBank, Basic Local Alignment Searching Tools (BLAST) and ClustalW. Nanotechnology-developed colloidal Gold-nanoparticles (AuNPs) are used in the biosensor fabrication to produce high stability and electron efficient transmission during electrical measurement. AuNPs-APTES modified on active sites of IDEs, followed by immobilization of specific probe ssDNA for HPV 58. Hydrogen binding during hybridization with its target produce electrical signals measured by KEITHLEY 2450 (Source Meter). The genosensor validated with different types of targets such as complimentary, non-complementary and single mismatch oligonucleotides. The serial dilution of target concentration has been experimented triplicate (n=3) range from 1fM to 10μM. The slope of calibration curve resulted 2.389E-0 AM-1 with regression coefficient (R2) = 0.97535.