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Publication

Chemically modified sugarcane bagasse as a potentially low-cost biosorbent for dye removal

( 2010)

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The use of adsorbent prepared from sugarcane bagasse, an agro waste from sugar industries has been studied as an alternative substitute for activated carbon for the removal of dyes from wastewater. Adsorbents prepared from sugarcane bagasse were successfully used to remove the methyl red (MR) from an aqueous solution in a batch reactor. This study investigates the potential use of sugarcane bagasse, pretreated with phosphoric acid (SBC), for the removal of methyl red from simulated wastewater. Phosphoric acid treated sugarcane bagasse was used to adsorb methyl red at varying dye concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time. A similar experiment was conducted with commercially available powdered activated carbon (PAC) and untreated sugarcane bagasse (SB) in order to evaluate the performance of SBC. The adsorption efficiency of different adsorbents was in the order PAC > SBC > SB. The initial pH 3 to 6 favoured the adsorption of synthetic dyes by both SBC and SB. This prepared adsorbent was very efficient in decolorized diluted solution. It is proposed that SBC, in a batch or stirred tank reactors could be employed as a low-cost alternative in wastewater treatment for dyes removal.

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Publication

Improved classification of Orthosiphon stamineus by data fusion of electronic nose and tongue sensors

( 2010-10-01)

Ammar Zakaria

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Ali Yeon Md Shakaff

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Abdul Hamid Adom

;

Mohd Noor Ahmad

;

Maz Jamilah Masnan

;

Abdul Hallis Abdul Aziz

;

Fikri N.

;

Abu Hassan Abdullah

;

Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

An improved classification of Orthosiphon stamineus using a data fusion technique is presented. Five different commercial sources along with freshly prepared samples were discriminated using an electronic nose (e-nose) and an electronic tongue (e-tongue). Samples from the different commercial brands were evaluated by the e-tongue and then followed by the e-nose. Applying Principal Component Analysis (PCA) separately on the respective e-tongue and e-nose data, only five distinct groups were projected. However, by employing a low level data fusion technique, six distinct groupings were achieved. Hence, this technique can enhance the ability of PCA to analyze the complex samples of Orthosiphon stamineus. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was then used to further validate and classify the samples. It was found that the LDA performance was also improved when the responses from the e-nose and e-tongue were fused together. © 2010 by the authors.

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Publication

From nanostructure to nano biosensor: Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), UniMAP experience

( 2011)

Uda Hashim

;

Foo Kai Loong

Nanostructure is defined as something that has a physical dimension smaller than 100 nanometers, ranging from clusters and/or to dimensional layers of atoms. There are three most important nanostructures that are extensively studied and researched in various organizations including Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE) in UniMAP. These include quantum dot, nanowire, and nanogap, which have been successfully designed and fabricated using in-house facilities available. These are subsequently used as a main sensing component in nanostructures based biosensor. This fabrication, characterization and testing job were done within four main interlinked laboratories namely microfabrication cleanroom, nanofabrication cleanroom, failure analysis laboratory and nano biochip laboratory.Â Currently, development of Nano Biosensor is the main research focus in INEE. In principle, biosensor is an analytical device which converts a biological response into an electrical signal.

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Publication

An improved defect classification algorithm for six printing defects and its implementation on real printed circuit board images

( 2012)

Ismail. Ibrahim

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Zuwairie Ibrahim

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Kamal Khalil

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Musa Mohd Mokji

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Syed Abdul Rahman Syed Abu Bakar

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Norrima Mokhtar

;

Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad

Because decisions made by human inspectors often involve subjective judg- ment, in addition to being intensive and therefore costly, an automated approach for printed circuit board (PCB) inspection is preferred to eliminate subjective discrimination and thus provide fast, quantitative, and dimensional assessments. In this study, defect classi cation is essential to the identi cation of defect sources. Therefore, an algorithm for PCB defect classi cation is presented that consists of well-known conventional op- erations, including image difference, image subtraction, image addition, counted image comparator, ood- ll, and labeling for the classi cation of six different defects, namely, missing hole, pinhole, underetch, short-circuit, open-circuit, and mousebite. The de- fect classi cation algorithm is improved by incorporating proper image registration and thresholding techniques to solve the alignment and uneven illumination problem. The improved PCB defect classi cation algorithm has been applied to real PCB images to successfully classify all of the defects.

Publication

Chiral optofluidics: gigantic circularly polarized light enhancement of all-trans-poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene) during mirror-symmetry-breaking aggregation by optically tuning fluidic media

( 2012)

Michiya Fujiki

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Jalilah Abd Jalil

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Nozomu Suzuki

;

Makoto Taguchi

;

Wei, Zhang 1

;

Mohamed Mehawed Abdellatif

;

Kotohiro Nomura

Here we report the first chiral optofluidic system that enables the emergence and enhancement of chiroptical signals of μm-sized polymer particles from achiral all-trans-poly(9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-2,7-vinylene) (PFV) during mirror-symmetry-breaking aggregation due to the optically active fluidic media consisting of (R)-limonene (1R) and (S)-limonene (1S), chloroform and methanol. These results were proven by refractive index (RI) and specific rotation (SR) of the media as well as circular dichroism (CD), optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), circular polarised luminescence (CPL), UV-vis and photoluminescence spectral characteristics of PFV. For comparison, a triple bond linker poly[(9,9-di-n-octylfluoren-2,7-diyl)-alt-yleneethynylene] (PFE) aggregate, which is an analogue of PFV, did not show any CD-signals in the π–π* transition. Gaussian 03 (TD-DFT, B3LYP, 3-21G basis set) calculations of PFV and PFE trimer models suggested that PFV is CD-/CPL-silent helix due to an equal proportion of P- and M-helices in a double-well with a small barrier height, conversely, that PFE is inherently optically inactive due to non-helix conformation in a single-well. Under optimised chiral optofluid with specific RI values of 1.38–1.39, the μm-sized PFV particles showed a great enhancement in Kuhn's dissymmetry amplitudes by ∼1500 times compared to the computed value in helical models of PFV; the gCD at 473 nm reached +0.078 (1S) and −0.104 (1R), and the gCPL at 474 nm attained +0.056 (1S) and −0.077 (1R), while maintaining a high quantum yield (ΦPL) of 75–88% with a short PL lifetime of ∼0.5 ns. For comparison, as for six π-conjugated molecular aggregates with/without H–H repulsions, including trans-stilbene and diphenylacetyelene, with the help of the 1R-/1S-based media, any detectable CD signals were not observed. These results led to the idea that optically active π-conjugated polymers carrying longer alkyl side groups in a double-well potential may be needed to efficiently generate the corresponding optically active aggregates in the chiral tersolvents.

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Publication

A novel approach evaluation for enhancing networks

( 2012-11-20)

Satea Hikmat Alnajjar

;

Mohd Sharazel Razalli

;

Mohd Fareq Abd.Malek

This study reveals for a creation of a system that has the ability to prove the technical feasibility and the advantages of a joint Radio Frequency and fiber optic system with self-trace directional control between deployed network nodes in the low space. Sky's mesh network utilizing aerial altitude platform stations (AAPS) are driven via Wi-Fi and optical fiber to support and strengthen the capacity of network nodes by acquiring high quality coverage. The mechanism of AAPS Face a real challenge of precariousness due to winds; this challenge hinders network deployment due to loss of the line of sight (LoS). A smart communication platform system (SCPS) base station is proposed to overcome the limitations. Research aimed to evaluate the SCPS mechanism, to verify aptitude of system performance which is used to handling and supporting the communication networks in disaster areas.

Publication

The behaviours of steel fiber as main reinfocement in high performance slurry infiltrated fiber reinforced concrete

( 2013)

Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim

;

Zuhayr Md Ghazaly

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Shahiron Shahidan

Concrete is a structure that very weak in tension and need additional material to enhance their structural capacity. In 18thcentury, concrete have been recognized as structure that very weak in tension [. Thus, concrete need additional supporting material that can improve the tension capacity. Because of the steel is very good in tension, the steel bar was embedded in concrete at the tensile stress area to obtain the full capacity of the steel bar as reinforcement.

Publication

Production of methane gas from organic fraction municipal solid waste (OFMSW) via anaerobic process: Application methodology for the Malaysian condition

( 2013)

Irnis Azura Zakarya

;

Ismail Abustan

;

Norli Ismail

;

Mohd Suffian Yusoff

Publication

Investigation performance of heat exchanger on thermoacoustic heat engine for harvesting a waste heat

( 2013)

Irfan Abd Rahim

;

Md. Saidin Wahab

;

Mohd. Zubir Yahaya

;

Mohd Zarhamdy Md Zain

A green technology of acoustic of fluid-structure interactions become an emerging technology today, a call thermoacoustic heat engine. Thermoacoutics heat engine systems convert the energy on a harvesting from a waste heat energy and convert to an electrical energy. That component of devices a call a hot heat exchangers. This paper study was focused on a new design of thermoacoustics heat exchanger and investigation of its performance in terms of thermal analysis. A conceptual design was produced with three designs of hot heat exchangers, which are wire-type, finger-type and star-type. Commercial code ANSYS-CFX software are used on the evaluation, the heat exchanger’s designs were simulated with two thermal conditions which are steady state and transient heat conduction. Materialselection from copper and aluminium a chosen to look-out the engagement between theoretical and numerical study. There are three inlet temperatures that are assumed will be supplied by constant waste heat which are 200°C, 350°C and 500°C.The star-type design has the highest value of heat conduction through a fin heat conduction with copper as a material which is 32.84W. Star-type hot heat exchanger recorded the fastest time to distribute temperature compared to wiretype and fingertype heat exchanger. Result shown the combination between star-type design and copper material will produce a good agreement to design a hot heat exchanger.

Publication

Properties of natural rubber/ethylene propylene diene monomer/recycled latex catheter (NR/EPDM/rLC) ternary blends: Cure characteristics and hardness

( 2013)

Lokman Hakim Ibrahim

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Nik Noriman Zulkepli

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Sam Sung Ting

;

Luqman Musa

;

Rosniza Hamzah

Currently, the recycled rubber widely being used in rubber technology. Due to difficulty on reprocessing techniques, the vulcanized rubbers being a big problem in the recycled field. One of the main forms of discharge rubber is to apply as fuel to generate electricity and steam, this process is still in use but creates a new problem of air pollution and is also a low value to recovery process of the rubber waste [. Polymer compounds are being used extensively in numerous applications such as roofing and mulch product. A rubber blends can offer a better properties that gives high performance in application area that being used

Publication

A study on Hydrogen Sulphide as potential tracer in landfill gas monitoring

( 2013)

Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar

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Zaity Syazwani Mohd Odli

;

Irnis Azura Zakarya

;

Farah Naemah Mohd Saad

;

Tan Ley Binn

;

Roshazita Che Amat

;

Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major source of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which is the offensive odours potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. This project focuses on H2S emission from landfills in Perlis, Malaysia. Landfill gas (LFG) samples were collected and analyzed accordance with NIOSH method 6013. The mean concentrations of H2S in Kuala Perlis Landfill and Padang Siding Landfill are 210.68 ppm and 242.85 ppm respectively. High concentrations of H2S may be a concern for employees working on the landfill site. These results indicate that workers should use proper personal protection at landfill when involved in excavation, landfill gas collection, and refuse compaction. The formation of H2S most likely to be contributed by the biological conversion of sulfate from gypsum-rich soils and landfill wastewater treatment sludges by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) which can utilize dissolved sulfate as an electron acceptor. H2S is conveniently detected by hand held analyzer, such Jerome meter, landfill gas analyzer. In the organic range, in the ease of detection range in the dispersion rate within the landfill site, the monitored H2S gas form a very noticeable concentration with the travelling wind direction. It proved that the dispersion rate of H2S are suitable as tracer to detect route of travelling in a certain distance.

Publication

Development of varied CMOS ring oscillator topologies in 0.13-μm CMOS technology

( 2013)

Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad

;

Mohamad Shahimin Mukhzeer

;

Rizalafande Che Ismail

;

Mohd Fairus Ahmad

;

Sapawi Rohana

This paper presents varied CMOS ring oscillator topologies using Silterra 0.13-µm Process. Three topologies of ring oscillators have been designed which is the single-ended ring oscillator, differential ring oscillator and ring oscillator based variable resistor for 2.4 GHz wireless applications. The proposed designs consist of five stages delay cell. The simulation results show that a single-ended ring oscillator obtained the lowest power consumption of 0.41 mW, while differential oscillator achieves phase noise of −64.44 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency. However, ring oscillator based variable resistor did not achieve any significant improvement. The proposed design is oscillates at 2.4 GHz.

Publication

Modified CMFB circuit with enhanced accuracy for data converter application

( 2013)

Mohd Fairus Ahmad

;

Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad

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Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin

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Shamsul Amir Abdul Rais

;

Ahmad Fariz Hasan

Enhanced feedback voltage of common mode feedback (CMFB) circuit is designed in this work for CMOS data sampling application using 0.18-μm Silterra process technology. The double error detecting point circuit is employed to associate with the feedback point in order to prevent the undesired voltage common mode at the output of operational transconductance amplifier (OTA). The PMOS input transistor for injecting the common mode voltage is used to fit in the limitation of voltage division in low power design. The feedback voltage is strongly pushed to have a stable value as to make the outputs of differential amplifier circuit swing at a nearly constant voltage at 1.2 V for enhancing accuracy of data converter.

Publication

Tensile and morphology properties of polylactic acid/ treated typha latifolia composites

( 2013)

Muthmirah Ibrahim

;

Jalilah Abd Jalil

;

Syarifah Nuraqmar Syed Mahamud

;

Yusrina Mat Daud

;

Salmah Husseinsyah

;

Muhammad Rafi’ Yahya

This paper is focused to investigate the effect of treated natural fiber (typha latifolia) content on tensile and morphology properties of polylactic acid (PLA)/treated typha latifolia (T-TyLa) composites. The composite was compounded using heated two roll mill and the composite samples were prepared through compression molding. Tensile test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis were carried out to study the properties of PLA/T-TyLa composites. The results showed that the tensile strength of PLA/T-TyLa composites was decreased for about 43% with initial addition of T-TyLa content. The tensile modulus of the composites was increased (23%-91%) with increasing of fiber content. However, increased in fiber content reduced the elongation at break for about 53%-67% of PLA/T-TyLa composites. The optimum increment was obtained at 30 wt% of fiber content. SEM results showed that fiber dispersion was better for PLA/T-TyLa composites at lower fiber content.

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Publication

Simplified equations for saturated steam properties for simulation purpose

( 2013-01-01)

Affandi M.

;

Mamat N.

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Kanafiah S.

;

Khalid N.

Steam is a very important fluid in industries and its thermodynamic properties have been tabulated. Graphs showing various relationships of steam thermodynamics have also been developed. However, the use of tables or graphs has a particular drawback: interpolation is often necessary. For simulation purpose or real time system which often needs hundreds or even thousands of data, interpolation will become very tedious and time consuming. Formulas for thermodynamic properties of steam are available and can then be programmed in a computer, which will then compute the thermodynamic properties quickly. Unfortunately, formulas for thermodynamic properties of steam are quite complicated so programming them for a simple simulation purpose is quite difficult and is therefore inconveni ent. This paper shows the results from simplified equations for saturated steam properties. The equations which are developed in this paper are for saturated pressure and temperature, and for enthalpy, entropy, and specific volume in saturated liquid and saturated vapour states. The equations are developed from data given in the International Steam Tables. The accuracy for each equation is fairly small, less than 2% except for saturated liquid entropy which is 3.22%, which is good enough for most applications. Since the number of parameter used for each equation is just five, those equations developed can be conveniently used for simulation purpose. © 2013 The Authors.

Publication

Warpage analysis with straight drilled and conformal cooling channels on front panel housing by using taguchi method

( 2014)

Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim

;

Safian Sharif

;

Azlan Mohd Zain

;

Rozaimi Mohd Saad

;

Ahmad Fairuz Mansor

The challenging in injection molding process is to get the uniform thermal distribution on the molded parts during the cooling stage which is mainly depend on the design of the cooling channels in injection mold. Poor design of cooling channels will result a non-uniform thermal distribution which lead to a longer cycle time, differential shrinkage and warpage defects on the molded parts. In this study, the performance of conformal cooling channels compared to the straight drilled cooling channels in order to minimize the warpage on the front panel housing is evaluated. The simulation results from Autodesk Moldflow Insight (AMI) 2013 are analyzed by using Taguchi Method and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The analyses show that conformal cooling channels are able to improve the quality of the molded parts in term of warpage compared to the conventional straight drilled cooling channels and the results are beneficial for the molding industries which involving the precise parts.

Publication

Effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber in polypropylene/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene/rice husk powder composites

( 2014)

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Sam Sung Ting

;

Azlinda Abdul Ghani

;

Kamarudin Hussin

;

Hanafi Ismail

;

Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim

;

Zuhayr Md Ghazaly

Composites of polypropylene/Acylonitrile butadiene rubber/Rice husk powder/ (PP/NBRr/RHP) with and without trans-polyoctylene rubber (TOR) were prepared, and the effects of trans-polyoctylene rubber were investigated. By using rice husk powder of 150300μm, five different compositions of PP/NBRr/RHP composites (i.e.100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40 and 40/60 phr) were prepared in an internal mixer at 180 °C and 50 rpm rotor speed. The results indicate that the incorporation of TOR improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/RHPcomposites. Scanning electron microscopy of the fractured surfaces proved that TOR promoted good adhesion between the PP-NBRr matrices and RHP.

Publication

Aerial platforms to ensure communications reliability in disaster areas

( 2014)

Satea Hikmat Alnajjar

;

Fareq Malek

;

Mohd Sharazel Razalli

;

Mohd Saufi Ahmad

Wireless mobile networking technology can be used to reduce a negative effect that occurs in disaster areas. This study, will present an innovative technique via utilize a Low-altitude platform, in order to provide expanded coverage. There are still some challenges to be dealt with in the current manner, e.g., changeableness in direction, which can lead to the loss of a permanent connection between network node's deployments. Another problem can be attenuation in a communication channel due to bad weather factors. Aerial platform is a sky-base station that utilizes free-space optics (FSO) to connect network nodes in addition to meeting the demand of service quality to the “last mile.” A new approach is used to connect several aerial platforms that are helpful in increasing the range of the network deployment. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the performance of these platforms by connecting multiple-network nodes in various weather environments.

Publication

Cross section optimization of plane truss among different spans

( 2014)

Sumayah Abdulsalam Mustafa

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Mohd Zulham Affandi Mohd Zahid

;

Md.Hadli Abu Hassan

Cross sectional areas optimization is to be implemented to study the influence of the cross section shape on the optimum truss weight. By the aid of analysis and design engines with advanced finite element analysis that is the steel design software STAAD. Four rolled steel sections (angle, tube, channel, and pipe) which are used in industrial roof trusses are applied for comparison. Many previous studies, use the areas of cross sections as design variables without highlight to the shape of cross section at the start of the process, consequently the result area will be adequate if the designer choose the effective shape than others. Results of this research show that the chosen cross section shape has a significant impact on the optimum truss weight for same geometry of truss type under the same circumstances of loading and supports.

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Publication

Effect of surface roughness of pure aluminium A1100 on the cold work extrusion by using different angles of taper die

( 2014)

Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir

;

Mohd Hafis Sulaiman

;

Azduwin Khasri

;

Alina Rahayu Mohamed

;

N. Fitriah Suhaimi

;

Mohd Shahril Shariff

The study presented in this paper is focused on the effect of surfaces roughness of pure aluminium A1100 on the cold work extrusion process by three different angles of taper die. Different angles of taper die will affect the surface roughness of the workpiece. To protect the surface and to reduce friction, lubricants are often used in extrusion process [1]. Different lubricants may have different optimum taper die angle that are suitable to be applied. Two types of materials used in this experiment are steel SKD 11 for taper die and aluminium A1100 for workpiece and different angles applied are 30°, 45°, and 60°. Moreover, with respect to each angle, three different types of lubricants were used which are Daphne Draw S Series, Palm Olein, and EFB bio oil. The Universal Testing Machine and Surface Roughness Tester were used in this experiment. The result obtained from the experiment shows that at 30° of taper die angle were producing the smooth product surfaces for each lubricant and Daphne Draw S Series could reduce the surface roughness compared to other lubricant test.

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