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Publication

Dynamic vulcanization of Polypropylene / natural rubber blends filled with Cyperus Odoratus

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Norfatulikmah Zainal Abidin

;

A new thermoplastic blend was developed using polypropylene (PP) with natural rubber (NR) as the base material. The natural filler is added to enhance the properties of PP/NR blend. The first series was to compare the properties of PP/NR blend with different filler loading. Second series was to investigate the effect of dynamic vulcanization on the properties of PP/NR blend filled with Cyperus Odoratus with the intention of improving the blend properties. Process development, tensile properties, thermal analysis, FTIR analysis and morphological characterization of blends were investigated with the variation of the conditions of the blend. The increasing filler loading decrease the tensile properties of the PP/NR blend and it shows in the morphology study of the blend. Dynamic vulcanization of the blend resulted in improved tensile and thermal properties compared to unvulcanized counterpart. This result is confirmed by the SEM study that showed better dispersion of NR in the PP matrix and improved adhesion between the two phases.

Publication

Structural and dimensional analysis of LDPE/TPS blend filled with calcium carbonate

(IOP Publising, 2020)

Anis Adila Ab Halim

;

Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab

This study aims to investigates the changes in structural, thermal stability and water absorption properties of thermoplastic starch (TPS) before and after modification with citric acid and ascorbic acid. The first stage of study involved the preparation of TPS from native potato starch. Starch will be converted into thermoplastic like in the presence of glycerol as plasticizer. For the second stage, LDPE was blended with TPS to produce LDPE/TPS blend with and without modification. Then, the influence of calcium carbonate as particulate filler on the properties of LDPE/TPS blends was also investigated. Structural findings based on the FTIR analysis showed the formation of new ester bond on the TPS backbone after the modification, which correspond to the formation of crosslinking network in TPS phase. Water absorption test was used to determine the effectiveness of TPS modification in term of physical interaction between the phases.

Publication

Oxide growth behaviour of Fe-Ni-Cr alloy at high temperature oxidation

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Noraziana Parimin

;

Esah Hamzah

The isothermal oxidation test has been investigated on two types of Fe-Ni-Cr alloy, namely Fe-33Ni-19Cr and Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloys. Both alloys were undergoing an isothermal oxidation test at temperature of 500? for 500 hours exposure time. The weight change per surface area of the oxidized samples has been recorded to calculate the oxidation kinetics of both alloys. The oxide growth behaviour of oxidized samples has been examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) spectrometer. The oxide phase formed on the sample surface has been analyzed using x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The results show that both alloys were followed a parabolic rate law, indicating a diffusion-controlled oxide growth mechanism. In addition, the oxidation kinetics indicating an increasing weight gain trend as the exposure time increase. Several oxide phases had formed on the oxidized surface of both alloys, consists of Cr-rich, Ti-rich, Fe-rich and spinel oxide structure. The surface morphology of both alloys demonstrated a continuous oxide scale formed on the alloy surface. Additionally, Fe-33Ni-19Cr alloy recorded a formation of Ti-rich oxide, whereas, Fe-40Ni-24Cr alloy displayed a formation of overgrown Nb-rich oxide particle which. Roles of the precipitates in oxidation mechanism give new insights into the alloy optimization.

Publication

Experiment on arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring using LabVIEW-based system

(AIP Publishing, 2020)

Z. Muhammad Fadil

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A. Izanoordina

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Nurul Aida Mohd Mortar

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Amarul Talip

Patient that experiencing stroke or accident will leads to arm muscle paralysis and they could either suffer from partial arm paralysis or total arm paralysis. However, one of the challenge is to make the treatment session performs better. Currently, the patient has to go to rehabilitation centres or hospitals to get the treatment as the rehabilitation device is not portable. Furthermore, they have to go back and forth for recuperation session as accommodation or other facilities are not provided at certain rehabilitation centres. Therefore, the arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring system is developed to lessen the above issue. This project is focusing on patient's arm mobility to heal and maintain the strength of affected muscle. Thus, the doctor will be able to observe the patient's upper limb arm activity in real time monitoring using the Labview application. This system could assist the doctor to diagnose and analyse the current patient's arm performance from the recorded data. The parameters such as patient's hand grip, distal phalanges, elbow motion and bicep muscle contraction will determine the level of grip, the movement and the contraction activities via input from Arduino interface. Experiments have been conducted on 25 volunteers from different categories such as gender, age and physical condition based on proposed parameters. The results show that the development of arm rehabilitation for muscle contraction monitoring system could be used to determine the patient's condition based on the activity of finger gripped, muscle arm contraction and hand movement values as well as to strengthen the patient's arm throughout the rehabilitation process.

Publication

Isolation of alkali-thermotolerant cellulolytic bacteria from spent mushroom substrate

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

N Y Hasnol Azahari

;

S Naresh

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S N A Rozani

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Kunasundari Balakrishnan

In this study, the isolation of new alkali-thermophilic bacteria with enhanced cellulase producing ability from the spent mushroom substrate was conducted. Repeated streaking was performed on the Microcrystalline-cellulose (MCC) to obtain a pure culture. Two thermophiles bacteria isolates were used for subsequent experiment. Morphological characteristic by gram staining and endospore staining also genetic identification of 16S rDNA was performed and the growth profile had been generated using Polymath Software. Filter paper assay (determination of enzyme activity), Bradford protein concentration were used in plotting the growth associated product curve. Based on the 16S rDNA sequencing results, the bacterium strains of Anoxybacillus geothermalis, incubated at 50˚C, pH 7 and Aeribacillus pallidus, incubated at 60˚C, pH 8 was successfully isolated. Both strains are gram-positive and endospore-forming bacteria. Based on the growth curve, the doubling time for Anoxybacillus geothermalis was calculated to be 49.5 minutes. Whereas, doubling time of Aeribacillus pallidus was 56.7 minutes. Both strains represent the growth assosiated product curve in which, when product formation is growth associated the specific rate of the product formation increases with specific growth rate and vice versa.

Publication

Thermal pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) in a vertical fixed-bed reactor

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Alina Rahayu Mohamed

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A N Awang

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Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh

;

R Badlishah Ahmad

In the production of crude palm oil, huge quantities of solid biomass waste is generated such as empty fruit bunch (EFB), palm fronds and palm–pressed fibre (PPF). This inevitably resulted in the environmental pollution due to its natural conversion to methane. In this study, thermal pyrolysis of EFB was conducted using a fixed bed reactor. The factors such as nitrogen gas flowrate and holding time that affect the distribution of pyrolysis product yields were being investigated by evaluating the percentage product yields. It was determined that at nitrogen gas flowrate of 300 cm3/min and 30 mins holding time, the maximum bio-oil yield of 46.20 % was attained with gas and char yield of 21.79 % and 32.01 % respectively. The existence of functional groups in bio-oil was analyzed by Fourier Transfrom Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. It was identified that the bio-oil has several functional groups such as hydroxyl (OH), ketone/aldehyde (C=O) and ester (O-C=O) groups. The dynamic viscoscity of bio-oil was analyzed by Brookfield viscometer. It showed that the viscosity of bio-oil decreased with increasing temperature from 25-50 °C.

Publication

Bioengineering technologies used for the development and equipment of complex installations to obtain energy from three renewable sources. Complex installations for coastal areas

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

George Poteras

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Gyorgy Deak

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Andreea-Georgiana Baraitaru

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Marius Viorel Olteanu

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Nata’lia Simona Raischi

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Dewi Suriyani Che Halin

Considering that the production of energy from fossil sources causes environmental pollution, increasing health hazards or climate change, the research for new alternative energy sources and the development of high-performance renewable energy conversion systems are a basic concern nowadays. Thus, the development and the use of renewable energy sources can increase diversity in energy supply markets, help to ensure long-term sustainable energy resources, to reduce local and global air emissions, and provide commercial attractive options to meet the specific needs of energy services. This paper aims to improve the efficiency of a patented complex installation which was developed vertically to ensure high-energy efficiency in relation to the occupied area, that integrates three renewable energy sources (wind, solar and hydro), by applying bioengineering solutions. Improvements to the original installation consisted in modifying the initial characteristics of the off-shore system (number of slots, deflectors angle, width of slots and width of deflectors), modification of aerial module blades according to the bioengineering model of the thistle seed (Carduus nutans), and modification of the submerged module paddies according to the bioengineering model of a fish species swimmers. Following the tests performed on the modified complex installation, a major improvement of the energy efficiency compared to the (initial) control installation was observed.

Publication

Durability properties of demineralized and torrefied Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pellets

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Alina Rahayu Mohamed

;

Ras Izzati Ismail

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Rashid, Mohammad Abdur

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Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi

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N N Kasim

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R Badlishah Ahmad

The pelletization of raw and demineralized and torrefied empty fruit bunch (TDEFB) were conducted upon mixing with bio-oil that was obtained from EFB pyrolysis. The ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB was varied from 0-20 wt%. Then it was pressed using the single pellet press machine. The effects of the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB and the thickness of pellets were evaluated towards its durability. It was identified that the ratio of bio-oil addition to raw and TDEFB pellet of 5 wt% had produced the optimum durability which was 69.27 and 74.46 % respectively. In terms of the thickness of the raw and torrefied pellets, it was determined that at thickness of 3 cm, the durability was the highest which were 70.12 and 71.12 % for both raw and TDEFB pellets respectively. The raw and TDEFB pellets were analysed using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy in order to evaluate the presence of functional groups within the materials. The presence of O-H hydroxyl group, C=O from carbonyl or ester and C-H alkane groups are detected in both raw and torrefied pellets.

Publication

Optimization of different parameter in synthesis ion imprinted polymers via precipitation polymerization for nitrate adsorption

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Noorhidayah Ishak

;

Teh Chin Xin

;

Shuit Siew Hoong

;

Azalina Mohamed Nasir

An important issue in synthesis of ion imprinted polymers (IIP) is optimization of the main parameters that involved during polymerization process as those parameters can influence the performance of IIP. In this study, IIP was synthesized by precipitation polymerization using allylthiourea (ATU) as monomer, nitrate as template ion, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) as crosslinker, 2,2'-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator with 365 nm ultraviolet (UV) light and mixture of acetonitrile and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) as porogenic solvent. The influences of various polymerization parameters in the synthesis of IIPs were investigated. The parameters studied included: ratio of monomer-template, amount of crosslinker and amount of porogenic solvent. These parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) coupled with central composite design CCD). Results showed that IIP with an optimum adsorption capacity of 156.233 mg/g of nitrate ion NO3-) can be obtained under the following polymerization conditions: 3.90 mmol of ATU, 18.67 mmol of EGDMA and 38.30 mL of porogenic solvent. The nitrate imprinted polymer and non-imprinted polymer were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM micrograph showed microparticles ranging from 14.05 - 16.17 µm in diameter and the surface was rough and porous. The sorption of IIP followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. In this study, the binding capacity indicated that nitrate imprinted polymer recognized NO3- in aqueous solution more effectively compared to non-imprinted polymer and this polymer particles potrayed better adsorption as compared other adsorbent

Publication

Indoor environment quality (IEQ): temperature and indoor air quality (IAQ) factors toward occupants satisfaction

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Siti Nur Aishah Mohd Noor

;

Ha Haw Ding

In Malaysia, the demand for green building kept rising from year to year. The design concept of the green building which provides better indoor environment to make occupant more comfortable and healthier. The Green Building Index (GBI) as a rating system in Malaysia was used to evaluate the environmental design and performance of a building by the occupant, due to that, it is used for this research to investigate the relationship between the indicator of the Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ) and occupant satisfaction’s element in a private university in Sarawak. The building occupants are the most important feedback to determine the occupant’s satisfaction level for IEQ within the campus. A quantitative method was applied to reach the objectives by using simple random sampling. A total of 254 copies of the questionnaire survey form were distributed to respondents at School of Business and Management (SBM) and School of Built Environment (SBE) in the university. However, there are only 238 responds are usable for this research. The result shows that the temperature (57.0%) and the indoor air quality (66.7) in IEQ’s indicator had moderate positive and significant relationship with thermal comfort, and ventilation respectively.

Publication

Effect of CO₂ concentration and liquid to gas ratio on CO₂ absorption from simulated biogas using Monoethanolamine solution

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

V Rajiman

;

Hairul Nazirah Abdul Halim

;

A M Shariff

In industrial scale, removal of CO₂ by chemical absorption from raw biogas represents an imperative treatment and the cutting-edge technology towards improvement of its quality and heat value. In this work, CO₂ absorption studies were conducted in an absorption column packed with Sulzer metal gauze packing with simulated biogas absorbed using 30 wt. % of monoethanolamine (MEA) solution. Experimental works were conducted to determine the influence of different CO₂ concentrations in feed gas (30 % and 40 %) and L/G ratio (0.6 and 0.7) and subsequently assessed in terms of CO₂ absorption efficiency along the column. The results showed that 30 % CO₂ in feed gas has higher removal efficiency as compared to 40 % CO₂ with the ability to remove 94 % CO₂ during the process. In addition, the CO₂ absorption studied on the L/G ratio proved that CO₂ removal was improved at higher L/G ratio of 0.7.

Publication

Hexane-isopropanol extraction and quality assessment of Omega-3 fish oil from Atlantic Salmon (Salmo Salar)

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Nur Izzati Iberahim

;

B C Tan

Atlantic salmon (Salmo Salar) is one of the fish species that rich in omega-3 fatty acids. Consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can lower down the risk of cardiovascular disease and coronary heart disease. The extraction of omega-3 fish oil from Atlantic salmon by using hexane and isopropanol was conducted in this research. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to study the impact of parameters which were temperature (50-90°C), centrifuge speed (1000-3000rpm) and solvent ratio of hexane to isopropanol (0.5-1.5) to the percentage of oil yield. The results obtained shows that 15.23%± 0.61 of oil yield from Atlantic salmon under an optimum condition of 70°C, 3000 rpm and solvent ratio of hexane to isopropanol of 1.5. The acid value, peroxide value and p-anisidine value of the fish oil obtained were 7.48 mg KOH/g, 1.94 meq/kg and 5.56 respectively which were all within the acceptable limit which stipulated by Global Organization for EPA and DHA (GOED) and Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations (FAO). The FTIR analysis proved the presence of alkane and carboxylic acid in the fish oil. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis showed that the fish oil contains higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) contents followed by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and 4.5525% of total omega-3 fatty acids.

Publication

Comparative study of various pretreatment on sugar production from mixed rice biomass

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Lau Cheng Yee

;

Saleha Shamsudin

;

Khairul Farihan Kasim

The aim of this work was to study the effectiveness of pretreatment methods by developing a comparative study of diluted acetic acid and hydrothermal pretreatment on reducing sugar production and inhibitors formation (Furfural) from the mixed rice biomass. Diluted acetic acid and hydrothermal pretreatment were carried out over a range of temperature (150 – 190 ºC) within 30 minutes to observe the reducing sugar production and inhibitor formation (Furfural). Seamen Model was used to obtain the rate of reaction in depolymerisation of lignocellulosic biomass. This experiment data were fitted the first-order kinetic model to obtain the reaction rate constant of production and degradation of sugar. In addition, Arrhenius equation was used to determine the activation energy of the reaction. From the result, it showed that the diluted acetic acid pretreatment had higher rate on reducing sugar production and inhibitor formation than the hydrothermal pretreatment. The activation energy for the formation sugar in hydrothermal pretreatment is found 29.1 kJ/mol which is higher than acetic acid pretreatment (23.9 kJ/mol).

Publication

Botanical insecticide of chili and ginger extract on Nilaparvata lugens, brown planthopper

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh

;

Norhidayah Abd Aziz

;

Alina Rahayu Mohamed

;

Adilah Anuar

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I Nur Humaira

Invasion of Nilaparvata lugens or brown planthopper (BPH) in paddy fields has led to the use of excessive chemical insecticides due to its effectiveness. However, excessive applications has contributed several negative effects on the environment, farmers as well as non-targeting organisms. As an alternative, a mixture of a botanical insecticide containing mixture of chili and ginger extracts have been studied. Three parameters were studied namely the extract concentration, time of exposure and temperature of exposure. The results showed that 90% of BPH mortality was found at 40% extract concentration with 72 hr duration time of exposure at optimal temperature 30 C. HPLC analysis proved the presence of capsaicin and gingerol at peaks of 4.502 min and 11.046 min respectively. From repellency analysis, the BPH showed selective repel action against the treated paddy. This is due to the pungent odor contributed from compound of gingerol, shogaol and capsaicin presented in the mixture. Meanwhile, contact toxicity studies have successfully give 100% of mortality of BPH. Microscopic analysis have shown BPH deformities was increased by the extract concentration.

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Publication

Combination of biological and hydrothermal pretreatment of mixed rice biomass for fermentable sugars production

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Ang Kian Thing

;

Saleha Shamsudin

Rice biomass is one of the most staple agricultural by-products in Malaysia. In this study, mixed rice biomass (MRB) which combines rice husk and straw in certain ratio was used to produce the fermentable sugars. White-rot fungal strain, P.chrysosporium was used in biological pretreatment for 7 days (30°C). The pretreatment was proceeded by hydrothermal autohydrolysis for further removal of hemicellulose. The reducing sugar of soluble solid mixed rice biomass after autohydrolysis process was determined (0.225g sugar/g MRB). The characteristic of raw and insoluble solid pretreated MRB was observed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and the functional groups changes were determined by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR). The parameters of enzymatic saccharification were optimized using Central Composite Design for Response Surface Methodology by setting the concentration of commercial cellulase enzyme used, Celluclast 1.5L from 5 FPU/g to 15 FPU/g and incubation times from 24 to 72 hours. It was discovered that fermentable sugars production was increased from 0.098g sugar/g MRB (0.125 g/L) to 0.248g sugar/g MRB (0.319g/L) at optimized condition 82 hours incubation time and 10 FPU/g enzyme concentrations. Hence, the total reducing sugar produced was calculated as 0.473g sugar/g MRB and saccharification was determined as 66.31%.

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Publication

Effect of dynamic vulcanization on properties of linear low density polyethylene/natural rubber filled with Calcium Carbonate

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Loh Annie

;

Mohamad Kahar Ab Wahab

;

Elammaran Jayamani

The effect of dynamic vulcanization with different loading of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) on linear low density polyethylene/natural rubber using N,N'-m-phenylene bismaleimide (HVA-2) vulcanized and dicumyl peroxide (DCP) vulcanized as a cross-linker were investigated. Optimum ratio of LLDPE/NR blends was chosen is 70/30 in this study. Calcium carbonate loading was varied at 0wt%, 5wt%, 10wt% and 20wt% as filler in LLDPE/NR blends. The study showed that the tensile properties of the un-vulcanized LLDPE/NR blends were deteriorated with increasing in CaCO3 content. The dynamic vulcanization approach by using the HVA-2 and DCP dynamic vulcanization agents was applied on the LLDPE/NR blends in order to compensate the deterioration properties caused by the incorporation of CaCO3. According to the results, the addition of HVA-2 and DCP showed the composites were better in water resistance and tensile properties as compared to the standardized counterpart. The morphological analysis by using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) found out that the interfacial adhesion and dispersion of CaCO3 was improved in both vulcanization systems.

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Publication

Evaluation of various lignocellulosic biomass and cereal grains as potential spawn materials for wild Schizophyllum commune cultivation

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Siti Aminah Mohd Hassan

;

Sam Teek Ling

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N Z I Zakaria

;

Norhidayah Abd Aziz

;

Zarina Zakaria

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N Nurfatirah

;

M Azhar

Rapid mycelium growth in spawn production and on growth substrate could suppress contamination, which is significant in mushroom industry. The aim of the study is to investigate the potential of lignocellulosic biomass waste as new materials alternative to common cereal grains in producing spawn for wild S. commune cultivation on rice husk, paddy straw, and rubber wood sawdust. The fastest mycelium growth among lignocellulosic biomass was found on rice husk spawn (1.27 cm/day) and 1.98 cm/day for wheat grain. The shortest duration for substrate colonization for both lignocellulosic and grain spawn is on paddy straw, followed by rice husk, and rubber wood sawdust.

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Publication

Design of load control system using DTMF

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

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Mohd Zamri Hasan

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Ahmad Muhyiddin Yusof

;

Ahmad Shukri Fazil Rahman

In agricultural sectors, one of the problems faced by the farmer is the water usage for watering schedule sometimes was wasted. With inefficient irrigation system, the water wastage could occur and resulting the excessive moisture for the soil and damaging the crops. The load control system in agricultural sectors especially for irrigation system is very important since it can affect the efficiency and the productivity of the operationsThe agricultural sectors also have many latest technologies implemented to the system such as irrigation system, temperature and humidity detection system and many other systems in order to operate efficiently so it can give profitable outcome. So, a desired load control system using Dual-Tone Multiple Frequency (DTMF) will be design for irrigation system in order to overcome the inefficiency of manual irrigation system. By using DTMF to control the irrigation system, it will consume less time and it can be control in a wide range. Firstly, by using Arduino IDE software, the coding for this control system is written with C++ language. Then, it will be compiled to make sure the coding working without any errors before it is uploaded into the Arduino Uno board. The coding will then be uploaded by connecting the Arduino Uno board to the computer via USB. Next, the schematic layout design of this control system will be simulated using Proteus 8 and Fritzing software. After the simulation of the circuit is successful, the construction of the hardware will take place. The hardware of this load control system that be assembled first is connecting the cell phone to the DTMF decoder by using 3.5mm jack. Then, from the DTMF decoder it will be connected to the Arduino Uno board. The 4 channel 12V relay then connected to the output port of the Arduino Uno. In conclusion, this irrigation control system works when the user sent the signal using cell phone and it will be received by the other cell phone that attach to the DTMF decoder

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Publication

Effect of filler size and loading on thermo-mechanical degradation of polypropylene-ethylene/wollastonite composite

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Lip Teng Saw

;

Firuz Zainuddin

;

Cao Xuan Viet

;

Du Ngoc Uy Lan

This study is to understand the side effect of wollastonite fillers in polymer compounding that caused different levels of thermo-mechanical degradation (TMD) during extrusion. Wollastonite has a needle-like structure with different ratio of L/D; it compounded with the polypropylene-ethylene copolymer (PPcoE) using a twin-screw extruder. The effect on the TMD of PPcoE was determined by analysing the by-products within the extrudates via FTIR. The rheology of PPcoE composite was measured using a capillary rheometer, and the thermal stability of composite was studied using TGA. In this study, TMD is classified as two levels: chain scission and oxidisation. The wollastonite filler were found to accelerate the TMD mechanism and generated oxidised products during extrusion. The reduction of filler size effectively minimised the chain cleavage of PPcoE matrix, also come with improvement in thermal stability. However, increasing the filler loading had a dominant effect of inducing more chain cleavage on the polymer matrix.

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Publication

Effect of porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and OPC paste

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

SitiAisyah Razak

;

Farah Farhana Zainal

;

Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin

The fly ash based geopolymer is a promising binder by activation of fly ash with an alkaline activating solution. The fly ash based geopolymer prepared was characterized by several methods. The experimental result, studies effect of the porosity and water absorption on compressive strength of fly ash based geopolymer and Ordinary Portland Cement paste for comparison. The porosity studies were determined using the Brunauer, Emmett and Teller method included nitrogen adsorption / desorption plots. Then followed by water absorption and compressive strength tested at 7 and 28 days curing time. The result shows that the porosity of fly ash based geopolymer paste was in the lower surface area, pore volume and pore size compared to Ordinary Portland Cement paste. The small pore size of the fly ash based geopolymer had a significant proportion of a micropores whilst Ordinary Portland Cement paste pores were mostly mesopores. The highest compressive strength of fly ash-based geopolymer can be achieved up to 76.723 MPa at 28 days when less of pore size and water absorption. Therefore, the paste based on geopolymeric materials is a better durability and high resistance to aggressive environment compared Ordinary Portland Cement paste.

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