Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
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Preferred name
Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
Official Name
Shaiful Rizam, Shamsudin
Alternative Name
Shamsudin, Saiful Rizam
Shamsudin, S. R.
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Scopus Author ID
57923516300
Researcher ID
AFZ-3675-2022

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  • Publication
    Effects of different pH of 3.5% NaCl solution on steel under zero charge corrosion protection technique
    ( 2021-11-12)
    Wardan R.
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Sampasivam T.
    ;
    Mohd Fitri M.W.
    ;
    Yati M.S.D.
    The study is carried out to understand the new corrosion protection technique, non-polarization concept, using current/voltage pulses to achieve a potential of zero charges (Epzc) of the metal-solution interface. As a result, a cost-saving and ecological method has been proposed as a new anti-corrosion method. In the methodology, U-bend samples are immersed in a 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. The readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges, and the effect of Epzc. An examination on the ZCCP on low-carbon steel in 3.5% NaCl solution was analyze for 120 hours days. This study is carried out to understand the concept of corrosion behaviour and a new corrosion protection technique which applies non-polarization concept. A U-bend mild steel is used to corrosion effect in various pH values under zero charge protection. Samples were then immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution with different pH values. Electrochemical behaviour of steel sample in 3.5% NaCl solution was analysed by means of Tafel extrapolation. It was found that Ecorr and icorr recorded dissimilar readings at different pH values. As Ecorr rises, icorr drops from pH 6 to pH 9, hence corrosion rate also decreases from pH 6 to pH 9. Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) technique is used to study the efficiency of corrosion protection method in different pH values. Readings of alternating current (IAC) and direct voltage (VDC) are recorded throughout the ZCCP experiment. These readings prove the occurrence of electrochemical reaction, absence of charges and the effect of Epzc.
  • Publication
    Corrosion behaviour of mild steel : insights from tafel extrapolation analysis in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions and soil with diverse resistivity levels
    ( 2024-12)
    Mahalaksmi Gunasilan
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Nursalasawati Rusli
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    ;
    Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad
    The corrosion behaviour of AISI 1006 steel in diverse environmental conditions were comprehensively investigated to offer valuable insights into corrosion mitigation strategies for critical infrastructure protection. This study employed an optical emission spectrometer, pH measurements, soil resistivity assessment, and Tafel extrapolation conducted with a potentiostat. The study encompassed stagnant and flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with flow velocities ranging from 0 to 12 km/h, and considered soil corrosiveness based on soil resistivity. In stagnant 3.5% NaCl solutions, minimal corrosion was observed due to limited oxygen availability, resulting in a 6.634 x 10¯3 mm/year corrosion rate. A noteworthy trend was evident in flowing 3.5% NaCl solutions, with corrosion rates peaking at 9 km/h (11.918 x 10¯3 mm/year) and subsequently decreasing at 12 km/h (10.423 x 10¯3 mm/year). This intriguing pattern may be attributed to the potential formation of a protective oxide layer at higher flow velocities, likely due to increased dissolved oxygen and mass transport. The soil's corrosiveness significantly influenced corrosion rates, with lower-resistivity soils exhibiting heightened corrosion rates. In very mildly corrosive soil, AISI 1006 steel displayed a corrosion rate of 2.818 x 10¯4 mm/year. The corrosion rate increased as soil corrosiveness intensified, reaching its peak of 6.319 x 10¯4 mm/year in severely corrosive soil. Extremely corrosive soil led to a corrosion rate of 8.033 x 10¯4 mm/year, as improved soil conductivity accelerated ion transfer and electron flow, ultimately expediting corrosionrelated electrochemical reactions. This study enhances the understanding of AISI 1006 steel corrosion in varying conditions, providing critical data for corrosion control in structures and assets, emphasising the need for tailored prevention measures.
  • Publication
    Pembangunan teknik keupayaan cas sifar untuk aplikasi perlindungan kakisan
    (Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 2016)
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    This study aims to modify the practice of using over-voltage concept of polarization process in cathodic protection to the potential of zero charges (Epzc) as a new technique of corrosion prevention. At Epzc, a metal surface is not in contact with an aqueous solution due to the absence of electrical charge and no electrostatic attraction. A chemical adsorption caused by oxidation reaction does not occur at Epzc· The removal of electrical charges at the electrode-electrolyte interface leads the desorption of ionic charges which causes the metal surface suffers no longer a corrosion reaction due to the absence of a charge transfers. The determination of Epzc is carried out by measuring the border line of adsorption and desorption of charged ions on the metal surface by the intersected inducing polarization methods on the intermediate rod. The experimental Epzc value ( -703 m V vs SCE) is more negative than the corrosion potential (Ecorr = -701 mV vs SCE) shows the immersed metal in 3.5% NaCl solution have an excessive positive charge. Therefore, the negative charge is required to eliminate or neutralize the positive charges to bring the metal surface to Epzc· The charge removal is a discharging of double-layer process on the metal-solution interface. It is carried out by supplying electrons to the extent necessary just to eliminate the positive charges on the metal surface by using potentiostat. The discharging was perfmmed by means of voltage scan method around Epzc (Epzc scan) with an ideal magnitude at about 2 m V, which is slightly negative than corrosion potential (Ecorr) at the lowest rate (1.0 x 10-2 mV/ min). The plot of current density versus time takes about 100 hours to displays a capacitor discharging curve profile. The current requirement for corrosion protection at Epzc is not critical after a 100 hour period. The planned interval immersion tests on reactive Mg metals clearly prove that corrosion protection at Epzc is succeed and their corrosion protection efficiency is between 93-96% in 3.5 % NaCl solution.
  • Publication
    Effect on Current Density on Zero Charge Corrosion Protection of Pure Mg in 3.5% NaCl Solution
    ( 2021-11-12)
    Gunasilan M.
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    ;
    Salleh S.H.M.
    ;
    Sanusi M.S.
    ;
    Ahmad W.M.H.W.
    The cathodic protection uses two-electrode polarization, which requires large currents and substantial voltages. Efforts are being made to identify possibilities for improvements by developing zero-charge corrosion protection techniques. Studies were performed to determine the zero-charges potential effect by analyzing corrosion signs on reactive metal samples such as pure Mg. Mg samples were fed by current/voltage pulses for 120 hours, with specified pulse parameters and varied Ecorr- offsets, ranging from +2 to -218 mV. The volumetric hydrogen gas collection technique is used to determine the hydrogen evolution rate. Surface observation is carried out by stereomicroscope to determine the presence of corrosion signs on the sample surface. Overall, all current densities and hydrogen evolution rates had very low readings on the studied Ecor offset parameters. Mg samples fed with pulses at -1800 and -1900 mV vs SCE revealed zero charge potential effects since their surface was clean and showed no indications of corrosion even after being exposed to the corrosive solution for 120 hours. Thus, corrosion protection is successfully done and meets the Epzc condition.
      3  18
  • Publication
    Determination of Protective Potential in the Zero Charge Corrosion Protection System
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Wardan Rajaselan
    ;
    Azmi Rahmat
    ;
    Mohd Nazree Derman
    ;
    Mohd Nazree Derman
    ;
    Mohd Fitri M.W.
    Zero charge corrosion protection, ZCCP, is a new invention in the field of corrosion protection. It applies alternating current, AC, mode while the protective potential to ensure that the metal exposed in the corrosive environment still does not exist in any of the previous works of literature. The study was conducted by the voltage scanning within corrosion potential, Ecorr, and polarized potential, Eimpressed, using potentiostat. It was carried out by examining the behavior of the current flow in the circuit. The experimental results found that the protective potential for maximum protection in the ZCCP system is 0 mV. By keeping the AC metal potential at 0 mV, the surface will not acquire any charges, hence the corrosion reaction will be inhibited.
      7  16
  • Publication
    Influence of flow accelerated corrosion on corrosion protection of mild steel in 3.5% NaCl solution
    ( 2024-03-07)
    Mahalaksmi Gunasilan
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    ;
    Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh
    ;
    Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Mohamad K.A.A.K.
    Mild steel is a primary material used to construct ships and other maritime structures. Corrosion protection systems are sometimes ineffective in aqueous mediums subjected to movement, flow, waves, and even turbulence under unpredictable conditions. This study aims to ascertain the influence of flow velocity on mild steel corrosion in the aqueous medium. The mild steel samples are immersed in a 3.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution for five days. They were protected against corrosion using an impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) system. The flow velocity is increased to 200-800 rpm, while the stationary flow is also examined as a control. Data on the metal's potential and current density were collected, and the surface morphology was analyzed using a stereomicroscope. Corrosion protection occurs exclusively in stationary flow, whereas corrosion occurs in solutions flowing at a most studied velocity. Metals show corrosion severity levels ranging from 200 to 600 rpm with increasing current consumption and metal potential. At 800 rpm, the metal surface appears to begin passivating, reducing the current consumption and potential. The flow velocity accelerates corrosion, yet at the high-speed stream, the corrosion is slowed because the steel surface becomes passive and assists the corrosion protection.
      23  1
  • Publication
    Effect of Pulse Frequencies on Low Carbon Steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl Solution under Zero Charge Corrosion Protection
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Wardan R.
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Sanusi M.S.
    ;
    Mohd Fitri M. W.
    Zero charge corrosion protection (ZCCP) is an alternative to the existing cathodic protection methods. It applies a current/voltage pulse with a certain particular frequency to attain a potential of zero charge (Epzc) on the electrode-electrolyte interface. A study on the pulse frequencies of ZCCP system on low-carbon steel in 3.5 % NaCl Na solution was carried out for 14 days. The pulse frequencies are varied from 4, 20, 50 and 100 Hz. The ability of these frequencies in protecting samples is determined by means of corrosion rate based on weight loss analysis and surface morphology. Experimental observations indicate that low carbon steel corrosion protection is strongly influenced by changes in pulse frequency. Corrosion rates were found to gradually decrease as pulse frequency increased from 4, 20 to 50 Hz, nevertheless at higher frequencies (100 Hz), corrosion protection was observed to be less effective where the corrosion rate dramatically grew up. The surface morphology of the steel surface is smooth and protected at a pulse frequency of 50 Hz. This indicates that the current / voltage pulse of ZCCP system only requires 50 Hz which is equivalent to a standard AC power frequency applied in most countries including Malaysia.
      3  14
  • Publication
    Failure investigation and analysis of locally manufactured turbine blade
    ( 2023-05-01)
    Mahalaksmi Gunasilan
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Rajaselan Wardan
    ;
    Aleena Ramlee
    ;
    Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    This study aims to identify the root cause of a turbine blade failure after only 36 hours of operation and recommends measures to prevent future failures. The analysis involved four samples, including an OEM sample, three fabricated samples with cracks and parts, including a kept sample for failure analysis. Microstructural analysis using Villella's reagent as an etchant, surface morphology, and micro-elemental analysis were conducted using the benchtop SEM & EDS. The hardness of the samples was tested using the Rockwell (HRC) method. The failed blade was made of AISI 422 grade stainless steel. It failed due to chipping that initiated cracks when it was tightly fastened, facilitated by internal stress and intermetallic particles in the microstructure. Instead of turbine blades made of hardened steel, the material was found to be slightly ductile and highly prone to compression before breaking when over-tightened during assembly. Inadequate heat treatment practices caused varied microstructural patterns, including the presence of intermetallic particles and significant hardness differences between the fabricated and OEM samples, leading to internal stress. In order to prevent future failures, there is a requirement to improve quality control measures during the fabrication process, particularly in the aspect of heat treatment practices.Thorough testing and analysis of the material microstructure may also be necessary to identify and eliminate potential sources of internal stress and intermetallic particles. Proper installation and fastening of turbine blades, regular inspection, and maintenance can also help identify early signs of failure and prevent catastrophic failures from occurring.
      20  2
  • Publication
    Root cause analysis on manufacturing defects in brass oxygen valves
    ( 2023-05-01)
    Wan Mohd Haqqi Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Salleh S.H.M.
    ;
    Mohd Rafi Adzman
    ;
    Rajaselan Wardan
    ;
    Mahalaksmi Gunasilan
    Brass valves are widely used in oxygen gas cylinder systems to regulate pressure and ensure safe operation. The production methods for brass valves include hot forging (700 °C), stress-relieving (300 °C), shot blasting, machining, and selective chrome plating on the external surface. Pneumatic testing at 400 bar has detected more than 10 % of the product production was found to have signs of leakage, and the most severe was when there were visible hairline cracks on the inner wall. Therefore, several tests to investigate valve failure were conducted to identify the root cause of the failure using a series of microscopic methods on the failed sample as well as the as-received brass billet. The study found that hairline cracks in brass valves were most likely caused by internal dross originating from the billet that was not properly removed during the casting process. The presence of dross in the billet manufacturing stage was identified as the primary reason for valve failure. Hot forging and other manufacturing techniques were found to be insufficient to eliminate the formation of dross, leading to a deterioration in the mechanical properties of the valves. In order to overcome this issue, flux can be added to the molten brass to help remove impurities and reduce the formation of dross. As a result, the mechanical properties of the final product deteriorated even though it had gone through the forging process.
      1  12
  • Publication
    Failure analysis on U-bend header tube of boiler economizer
    (IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    ;
    Rajaselan Wardan
    A water tube boiler is a type of boiler in which water circulates in tubes heated externally by fire. It was found that the water tube economizers are often subject to the serious damage mainly because of the overheating and corrosion. Thus, the metallurgical investigation procedures starts with the visual inspection, stereomicroscopy, metallography and chemical analysis methods. It was identified that the failure of the u-bend tube was due to the cracking caused by bending forces during the procedures. This cracking causes a leak for the tube. The appearance of corrosion on the shell side is due to the presence of small content of sulphur under the boiler environment. Several welding imperfections were also detected, however, both corrosion and welding imperfections were not the primary caused of the tube failure. From the analysis, the use of SUS304 grade stainless steel was discovered to be the appropriate material selection for the tube boiler.
      2  12