Farah Farhana Zainal
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Preferred name
Farah Farhana Zainal
Official Name
Farah Farhana, Zainal
Alternative Name
Zainal, Farah Farhana
Farhana, Z. F.
Zainal, F. F.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56960654700
Researcher ID
DYA-1384-2022

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  • Publication
    Interaction of Geopolymer Filler and Alkali Molarity Concentration towards the Fire Properties of Glass-Reinforced Epoxy Composites Fabricated Using Filament Winding Technique
    ( 2022-09-01)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Mydin M.A.O.
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Saloma
    ;
    Muhammad Faheem Mohd. Tahir
    ;
    Heah Cheng Yong
    ;
    Khorami M.
    This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy.
      1
  • Publication
    Interaction of geopolymer filler and alkali molarity concentration towards the fire properties of glass-reinforced epoxy composites fabricated using filament winding technique
    ( 2022)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris bin Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Muhammad Faheem Saloma
    ;
    Heah Cheng Mohd Tahir
    ;
    Morteza Yong
    This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy.
      6  27
  • Publication
    Effect of winding speed in epoxy glass composites for new fabricated filament winding machin
    ( 2020-11-02)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Si H.M.
    ;
    Si H.S.
    ;
    Razani, Mohamad Syazwan Mohamad
    The production of the glass fiber reinforced epoxy pipes is produced by filament winding process due to of its low costs, convenient and easy to install. The main objectives of this research is to optimize new fabricated filament winding machine and investigate the effect of winding speed. The problems for a new fabricated filament winding machine that must be optimized at first and lack of data for parameter in winding speed. The production by using filament winding process can be produce varieties of products such as tanks, pipes and vessels. The production of glass reinforced epoxy pipes of filament winding process was used different of winding speed levels. The new fabricated filament winding machine have 6 different winding speed that must be tested to get the optimum mechanical strength results. The process was stopped when the thickness of the samples is about 5.5mm wall thickness. The samples were tested with density for physical test and compressive strength for mechanical testing. The optimum winding speed to produce high mechanical strength for this new fabricated filament winding machine is winding speed two and the angle of the winding for speed 2 is 55°. This study, helps to determine winding speed for calibrate new filament winding.
      6  30
  • Publication
    Mechanical Effect on Different Geopolymer Filler in Glass Reinforced Epoxy Composite
    ( 2024-04-19)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Saloma
    ;
    Sulaiman I.S.
    Glass reinforced epoxy are widely known in oil and gas industry as glass reinforced epoxy pipe. However, glass reinforced epoxy has limitation such as demanding careful handling due fabrication, installation and transportation because of brittle nature itself and low compressive strength. The aim of this research is to characterize and study the effect of different geopolymer filler in the glass reinforced epoxy pipe composites. Filament winding method will be used in producing glass reinforced epoxy composite. Samples will be prepared with different weight percentage of geopolymer filler loading and different types of geopolymer filler which is fly ash-based geopolymer and kaolin-based geopolymer with 10wt% - 40wt% of geopolymer filler loading. Microstructure was obtained by using Scanning Electron Microscopy showed spherical shaped of fly ash raw material and plate-like structure for kaolin raw material. After undergoes the mechanical testing involved compressive test, pipe sample of glass reinforced epoxy filled with 20 wt% of fly ash-based geopolymer filler showed the best performances above them all. The compressive strength value was 43.05 MPa. Glass reinforced epoxy composite pipe filled with different geopolymer are not widely used in this research area. Therefore, by using geopolymer as a filler can improve the properties of glass reinforced epoxy composite pipe. Hence, a waste material like geopolymer can reduce the cost of material and improve the environment.
      1
  • Publication
    Effect of electroplating process time on medal antique gold colour of zinc alloy material
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Teguh Prioyono
    ;
    Muhammad Haftirman
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    Effect electroplating process time on medal antique gold colour of zinc alloy material has been investigated. Keys with length of 50mm is made of zinc alloy material were used as specimens to experiment. Gold electroplating was used to experiment. Experiment condition was conducted at 12 volt with current of 3 ampere, and at 24 volt with 5 ampere. In experiment, the variable of time is 3, 5, 8, 10 and 15 minute, respectively. The experiments of electroplating on medal antique gold colour of zinc alloy material were conducted at 13 times under controlling voltages, currents and duration of test so that it would get antique gold colour. Drying process was carried out at temperature between 100 ?and 150 ?C using a heating machine. The experiment was based on value diagram of RGB, CMYK, HSV, HSL, CIE*L*ab, CIE*L*ch, CIE*L*uv, Xyz coordinate, Yxy coordinate, and RYB. The result obtained that the colour was almost the same as antique gold colour significantly, when specimen 5 was tested at rectifier of 24 volt with current of 5 ampere in 4 minute of electroplating process and in 1.5 minute for oxidation process.
      3  13
  • Publication
    Effect physical and mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymers on corrosion reinforcement bar: A review
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Siti Aisyah Abd Razak
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Shaiful Rizam Shamsudin
    A major concern for any society with reinforced concrete structures is steel corrosion. Much effort has been made to minimize corrosion damages in new structures and develop corrosion protection of existing structures. The physical and mechanical of fly ash-based geopolymer are enhanced with a few factors that influence its high performance than Ordinary Portland Cement concrete in many aspects such as compressive strength, workability, exposure to aggressive environment and high temperature. This review paper focus on effect of physical and mechanical properties of fly ash based geopolymer paste on the corrosion reinforcement bar. The geopolymerization process in geopolymer paste can improve the properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. Hence, the physical and mechanical properties is important the stability and contribute high compressive strength of geopolymer and improve the corrosion resistance of reinforcement bar.
      2  15
  • Publication
    Corrosion Control by Using Zinc as Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection in Geopolymer Concrete
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Noratikah Md Zin
    ;
    Siti Aisyah Abd Razak
    ;
    Azmi Rahmat
    ;
    Kamarudin Hussin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    This research is about the corrosion control by using zinc as sacrificial anode cathodic protection in geopolymer concrete that is produced by the reaction of fly ash, fine aggregate, and coarse aggregate with an alkaline activator. Geopolymer is an alternative to the ordinary Portland cement (OPC) due to environmental friendly, low cost production, and workability. Tests are carried out on mild steel bar which embedded in 100 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm cube of geopolymer concrete. The potential values of the steel bar embedded in geopolymer concrete have been conducted by open circuit potential (OCP) testing. From the result obtained, the potential values of sacrificial anode cathodic protection samples were lower than control samples for 7 and 28 days cured which −0.967 V and −1.389 V, respectively. From Pourbaix diagram, the control samples were located at passivity region, while the SACP samples were located at immunity region.
      3  66
  • Publication
    Effects of Different Fiber Sizes in PLA/Carbon Fiber Composites on Mechanical Properties
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Rasidi M.S.M.
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Hasyim S.
    ;
    Nazri N.N.M.
    ;
    Garus S.
    This study assessed the morphology and chemical composition of coir coconut husk carbon fiber, as well as the impact of fiber diameters on the physical and mechanical properties of polylactic acid composites. Researchers are studying polylactide acid, a biodegradable material. This eco-friendly material’s excellent features, generated from sustainable and renewable sources, have drawn many people. Malaysia’s high coconut fiber output made coir husk a popular commodity. Coconut fibers are lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose. Alkaline treatment eliminates hemicellulose, oil, wax, and other contaminants from coir fibers and removes lignin. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy were used to examine the treated coconut fibers’ chemical modification analysis and morphology. Coconut coir husk was carbonized to produce carbon fiber using a furnace operated at 300°C for 2 hours. Fiber and polylactic acid were mixed in different fiber sizes (0, 53 µm, 75 µm, and 212 µm) via extrusion and injection processing techniques. The results showed that the alkali treatment reduced the hydroxyl (-OH) group and separated the area from the carbonyl (C=O) group of coconut coir husk, which changed the filler’s hydrophilicity. The fiber size of 212 µm was discovered to have the highest tensile and flexural strength values. According to testing, the modified material structure had a better surface fill-matrix bond. Thus, generalized fiber sizing and characterization methods were developed. Regardless of the matrix, this method can characterize natural fiber strength and interfacial shear strength of varied diameters and solid contents.
      1  39
  • Publication
    EFFECT OF COMPOSITION ON MELT FLOW AND DENSITY OF POLYPROPYLENE COPOLYMER/KAOLIN GEO-FILLER COMPOSITES
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Zulkifli Z.
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Aygörmez Y.
    This study examined the effects rheological properties of different composition kaolin and kaolin geo-filler in polypropylene composites. Polypropylene composites with varying composition of kaolin geo-filler 0 wt%, 2 wt%, 4 wt%, 6 wt%, 8 wt%, and 10 wt% was prepared and compared with polypropylene composite with raw kaolin. Kaolin is an aluminosilicate based mineral filler was used to prepare geopolymer paste by combining with alkaline activator solution. The polypropylene composite was compounded using a twin-screw extruder and the melt flow index was determined by a constant weight pressure of 2.16 kg at 230°C in 10 min. Knowing the melt flow index is necessary to predict and control the process, the study has demonstrated that the composition of kaolin filler and kaolin geo-filler affects the melt flow, melt density and surface morphology at varies composition. Composites with kaolin geo-filler have demonstrated high melt flow index process and having better distribution and flow.
      4  28
  • Publication
    Asas logam
    ( 2011)
    Faizul Che Pa
    ;
    Ruhiyuddin Mohd Zaki
    ;
    Siti Hawa Mohamed Salleh
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Nurfazlin Abu Hassan
    Buku Asas Logam diterbitkan khusus untuk membimbing dan memberi panduan kepada para pelajar yang mengikuti pengajian Kejuruteraan Bahan terutamanya dalam bidang Metalurgi. Buku ini menggabungkan aspek teori dan praktikal yang wujud dalam keseluruhan pemprosesan logam. Secara keseluruhannya buku ini membolehkan pembaca memahami teori dan mengaplikasikan kejuruteraan Metalurgi di alam pekerjaan dan kehidupan harian.
      13  135