Adilah Anuar
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Adilah Anuar
Official Name
Adilah, Anuar
Alternative Name
Anuar, Adilah
Anuar, Adilah F.M.
Anuar, A.
Anuar, A. F.
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Scopus Author ID
56205915800
Researcher ID
EKI-8403-2022

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  • Publication
    Effect of Temperatures on Drying Kinetics, Extraction Yield, Phenolics, Flavonoids, and Antioxidant Activity of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. (Mahkota Dewa) Fruits
    ( 2023-08-01)
    Stephenus F.N.
    ;
    Benjamin M.A.Z.
    ;
    Adilah Anuar
    ;
    Awang M.A.
    Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. or ‘Mahkota Dewa’ is a popular plant found in Malaysia as it is a valuable source of phytochemicals and therapeutic properties. Drying is an essential step in the storage of P. macrocarpa fruits at an industrial level to ensure their availability for a prolonged shelf life as well as preserving their bioactive compounds. Hence, this study evaluates the effect of different temperatures on the drying kinetics, extraction yield, phenolics, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity of P. macrocarpa fruits. The oven-drying process was carried out in this study at temperatures of 40 °C, 50 °C, 60 °C, 70 °C, and 80 °C. Six thin-layer drying models (i.e., Lewis, Page, Henderson and Pabis, two-term exponential, Logarithmic, and Midilli and Kucuk models) were evaluated to study the behaviour of oven-dried P. macrocarpa fruits based on the coefficient of determination ((Formula presented.)), root mean square error ((Formula presented.)), and chi-square ((Formula presented.)). The quality of the oven-dried P. macrocarpa fruits was determined based on their extraction yield, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) using ultrasound-assisted extraction. The results showed that the time for moisture removal correspondingly increased in the oven-dried P. macrocarpa fruits. Apparently, the Midilli and Kucuk model is the most appropriate model to describe the drying process. The range of effective moisture diffusivity was 1.22 × (Formula presented.) to 4.86 × (Formula presented.)   (Formula presented.), and the activation energy was 32.33 kJ/mol. The oven-dried P. macrocarpa fruits resulted in the highest extraction yield (33.99 ± 0.05%), TPC (55.39 ± 0.03 mg GAE/g), TFC (15.47 ± 0.00 mg RE/g), and DPPH inhibition activity (84.49 ± 0.02%) at 60 °C based on the significant difference (p < 0.05). A strong correlation was seen between the antioxidant activity, TPC, and TFC in the oven-dried P. macrocarpa fruits. The current study suggests that the oven-drying method improved the TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity of the P. macrocarpa fruits, which can be used to produce functional ingredients in foods and nutraceuticals.
  • Publication
    Prediction of phase equilibria in ternary diagram for system consist of Hot Compressed Water (HCW) with crude palm oil (CPO) and others minor component using thermodynamic model
    ( 2024-05-10)
    Mohd Sharizan Md Sarip
    ;
    Nik Muhammad Azhar Nik Daud
    ;
    Mohd Asraf Mohd Zainudin
    ;
    Idham Z.
    ;
    Adilah Anuar
    ;
    Mohd Aminudin Jamlos
    ;
    Amirul Ridzuan Abu Bakar
    Knowledge on phase equilibria for the separation process are important. It helps to improve the extraction efficiency through parameter optimization. Nowadays, hot compressed water extraction (HCWE) is getting the interest for the crude palm oil (CPO) extraction. Therefore, the phase equilibria of system consist of Hot compressed water (HCW) and CPO component are crucial. In this study, prediction of phase equilibria in ternary diagram for system consist of HCW with CPO and others minor component was conducted using thermodynamic model. The prediction was conducted using modified UNIFAC. CPO and other minor components namely palmitic acid which represent FFA, β-carotene, α-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol and α-tocotrieno was totally insoluble in HCW. The solubility of HCW in CPO was effect by the temperature and concentration of palmitic acid, β-carotene and α-tocopherol. However, the effect of these minor component concentration was inrrelevant since the concentration of these component was lower in the CPO for less than 1%. The solubility of HCW in CPO need to be monitored to avoid the hydrolysis which can deteriorate the CPO and degrade its quality.
  • Publication
    Dataset of gallic acid quantification and their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different solvent extractions from Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth. & Hook. f.) leaves
    ( 2023-12-01)
    Awang M.A.
    ;
    Benjamin M.A.Z.
    ;
    Adilah Anuar
    ;
    Ismail M.F.
    ;
    Ramaiya S.D.
    ;
    Mohd Hashim S.N.A.
    The article presents data on the quantification of gallic acid (GA) and the assessment of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of Kacip Fatimah (Labisia pumila Benth. & Hook. f.) leaves using various solvents. GA was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography analysis. Total phenolic content (TPC) was assessed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using xanthine oxidase superoxide (XOD-Superoxide) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays, while anti-inflammatory activities were examined through lipoxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) inhibition assays. Results showed that the water-extracted sample had the highest GA and TPC among the solvents tested, along with the strongest inhibition activities in the XOD-Superoxide and DPPH assays. Both water and ethanol extracts showed significant inhibitory activities in the LOX assay but were inactive in the XOD assay. These findings suggest that the bioactivity of L. pumila leaf extract is associated with GA and TPC. GA and TPC strongly correlated with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, except for the XOD assay. The dataset highlights the potential dietary benefits of L. pumila leaves as a natural source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory properties for pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications.
  • Publication
    Growth Optimisation of Bacillus subtilis in medium supplemented with prebiotic gum Arabic
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Norhidayah Abd Aziz
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Adilah Anuar
    ;
    Amira Farzana Samat
    ;
    Lian Ou Li
    ;
    Siti Aminah Mohd Hassan
    ;
    Abu Hassan A.F.
    Bacillus subtilis is a type of gastrointestinal bacteria that build up a healthy gut microbiota. The bacterial species has been well documented to involve in maintaining a healthy gut homeostasis in which disruption in it's microbial composition or "dysbiosis"has recently been linked to obesity. Probiotic in vivo restoration of dysbiosed microbiota have been proved successful in obese CD-1 mice model. However, prebiotic study using Gum Arabic (GA) assessing to optimise an in vitro lumen system specifically targeting to enhance the growth of B. subtilis are still lacking since this bacteria are depleted in obese individuals. Thus, this study aimed to establish the optimal growth conditions in simulated in vitro lumen system and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study attempted to optimize the growth of B. subtilis in medium supplemented with prebiotic GA. Growth screening analysis suggested an optimal dosage of 1.0% and 0.5% glucose and GA, respectively. The highest growth rate was recorded at 0.7995 hours-1 with doubling time of 52.02 minutes with extended period of stationary phase. The optimal GA concentration and fermentation conditions were determined at 0.67%, pH 7.4 and temperature of 37 C. The validated suggested model indicates that the supplementation of GA into an optimal fermentation systems is promising to enhance the growth of gut microflora Bacillus subtilis, for restoration of a dysbiosed gut microbiota in vitro.
  • Publication
    Optimization of bioethanol production by using Hydroxyapatite as saccharomyces cerevisiae immobilizer
    ( 2016)
    Adilah Anuar
    Bioethanol is an alcohol produced by microbial fermentation process. To date, there are a significant number of techniques that have been developed to improve the production of bioethanol, including continuous culturing, continuous fermentation by cell recycling, and immobilization of yeast cells. Among the techniques, immobilization technique has reached the attention. Immobilization technique is one of process where the movement of enzymes, cells and organelles in restricted space. There four types of immobilization method like physical adsorption, entrapment, microcapsules and self aggregation of cell by flocculation. In this study, the microbial ethanol producer (MEP) which is Saccharomyces cerevisiae been immobilized via physical adsorption method onto hydroxyapatite (HAp) surface, a biomaterial based instead of using organic immobilized materials. HAp is the most stable calcium phosphate salt among the calcium phosphate phases and the most abundant minerals which are found in living organisms are calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Primarily, the carrier should be characterized and the effect of each paramaters used to produce HApwas analyzed by Design Expert® Software version 7.1.5. There are three parameters used to optimize the size of particle (sintering temperature, agitation rate and aging time). The optimum condition of particle producing was obtained at 700 °C of sintering temperature, 300 rpm of agitation rate and 16 hours of aging time. Prior to bioethanol fermentation, the most commonly employed microorganism for bioethanol generation is using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the baker’s yeast which offering high ethanol yields up to 90-97% of the theoretical.
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  • Publication
    Botanical insecticide of chili and ginger extract on Nilaparvata lugens, brown planthopper
    (IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norhidayah Abd Aziz
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Adilah Anuar
    ;
    I Nur Humaira
    Invasion of Nilaparvata lugens or brown planthopper (BPH) in paddy fields has led to the use of excessive chemical insecticides due to its effectiveness. However, excessive applications has contributed several negative effects on the environment, farmers as well as non-targeting organisms. As an alternative, a mixture of a botanical insecticide containing mixture of chili and ginger extracts have been studied. Three parameters were studied namely the extract concentration, time of exposure and temperature of exposure. The results showed that 90% of BPH mortality was found at 40% extract concentration with 72 hr duration time of exposure at optimal temperature 30 C. HPLC analysis proved the presence of capsaicin and gingerol at peaks of 4.502 min and 11.046 min respectively. From repellency analysis, the BPH showed selective repel action against the treated paddy. This is due to the pungent odor contributed from compound of gingerol, shogaol and capsaicin presented in the mixture. Meanwhile, contact toxicity studies have successfully give 100% of mortality of BPH. Microscopic analysis have shown BPH deformities was increased by the extract concentration.