Norizah Abd Karim
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Norizah Abd Karim
Official Name
Norizah, Abd Karim
Alternative Name
Karim, Norizah Abd
Karim, N. A.A.Abdul
Karim, N. A.
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Scopus Author ID
57195982475

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  • Publication
    Producing low temperature graphitic compound from oil palm trunk waste
    ( 2019)
    Norizah Abd Karim
    Carbon has many allotropes or polymorphs which differ in the arrangement of atom. Graphite, graphene, fullerenes and diamond are common example of carbon allotrope. Graphene receive a great impact on electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, nano-composites and energy storage. However, the graphene is derived from the chemical processes and treatment of graphite. There are two types of graphite, which are, natural graphite and synthetic graphite. Previously, synthetic graphite was produced under higher heating temperature, which is above 2500ՕC in complex processing method, which bear the name of the scientist whose discover the synthetic graphite namely “Acheson Process”. Previously, synthetic graphite was produced under higher heating temperature and by using petroleum coke, anthracite, and coal tar pitch as the pre cursor raw materials. However, in this study, via pyrolysis process, in controlled heating condition, and specific heating rate by utilizing oil palm trunk waste, synthetic graphite was manage to produce at much lower heating temperature. In this study, the heating temperature was varied in five heating temperature series, which are, 300°C, 500°C, 800°C, 1000°C and 1200°C. The heating rate applied was also varied in 3 different series, which are, 5°/min, 10°/min and 20°/min. After the heating treatment, the sample was characterized by different analysis tools, including, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, RAMAN analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, Thermogravimetry (TGA) Analysis, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Analysis. The results obtained for produced synthetic graphite was compared with the commercial graphite. From the conducted characterization process, among all parameters varied, the best parameter to produce synthetic graphite from oil palm trunk waste was at the heating temperature of 800ºC and with the heating rate of 20º/min. XRD analysis of the synthetic graphite produced at 800 ºC, 20º/min, shows the significant graphite peak in XRD diffraction pattern at 26 º in 2ϴ, which is comparable with the commercial synthetic graphite. This was further supported with RAMAN analysis as to confirm the graphitic nature of the synthetic graphite produced. RAMAN spectroscopy shows the graphitic nature of the graphite obtained in the presence of D, G and 2D peaks at 1250 cm-1, 1625 cm-1 and 2700 cm-1 respectively. From the morphological characterization conducted by scanning electron microscope (SEM), the formation of graphite flakes also formed for the sample heated at 800 ºC at 20º/min which comparable with the commercial synthetic graphite. Thermogravimetry (TGA) analysis also show the 10 % of percentage weight loss as a function of increasing temperature for sample heated at 800 ºC, 20º/min. Fourier transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis also show existence of functional group of graphite. The synthetic graphite obtained from the best parameters was further exfoliated by using Modified Hummers Method to produce reduced graphene oxide. The reduced graphene oxide produced was further characterized by using XRD, RAMAN, FTIR and TEM.
  • Publication
    Overview of activated carbon derived from biomass for heavy metal removal
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Z. Nur Aimi Nadhirah
    ;
    M. Rabiatul Manisah
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Faizul Che Pa
    Discharge of industrial wastewater containing heavy metals has resulted in serious problems thus effective solution to prevent such pollution is vitally needed. Adsorption technique is a popular method wastewater treatment and studies are focusing on the development of alternative activated carbons derived from biomass as alternative adsorbent with low cost, abundantly available and environment friendly. This paper goes through the treatment of biomass as activated carbon and its application in reducing heavy metals in wastewater. Such technology will reduce the cost of activated carbon production and the cost of biomass disposal as well.
  • Publication
    Effect of soaking time towards graphitization of empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Marniati
    ;
    Zulfadhli, M. R.M.
    ;
    Mutiawati
    Empty fruit bunch (EFB) are the second-highest waste produced in the oil palm industry which is 18 022 tonnes in a year. However, the presence of oil palm waste especially from empty fruit bunch (EFB) give a major problem to the disposal. Herein, EFB waste has been identified as a potential carbon source for synthetic graphite production. This is due to implement the lower heating temperature of synthetic graphite produced in controlled heating conditions. Several parameters have been manipulated to study the effect of various parameters on the graphitization process. Hence, in this study, the effect of soaking time towards graphitization of empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste has been investigated. EFB waste was heat treated with various soaking times which is 2 hours, 2.5 hours and 3 hours in controlled heating conditions with constant heating temperature at 500°C and heating rate at 10°/minute After heating treatment, the samples were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and analyzed by X'Pert Highscore Plus software. The functional group of synthetic graphite was determined by using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The morphological study was carried out by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). From the analysis, the best synthetic graphite produced is at the 2.5 hours soaking time with a constant heating temperature at 500°C and a constant heating rate at 10°/min.
  • Publication
    Sustainable packaging design for molded expanded polystyrene cushion
    (MDPI, 2023)
    Normah Kassim
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Wan Abd Rahman Assyahid Wan Ibrahim
    ;
    Norshah Afizi Shuaib
    ;
    Irfan Abd Rahim
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Maria Pop
    ;
    Aurel Mihail Titu
    ;
    Katarzyna Błoch
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    A molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) cushion is a flexible, closed-cell foam that can be molded to fit any packing application and is effective at absorbing shock. However, the packaging waste of EPS cushions causes pollution to landfills and the environment. Despite being known to cause pollution, this sustainable packaging actually has the potential to reduce this environmental pollution because of its reusability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the accurate design parameter that can be emphasized in producing a sustainable design of EPS cushion packaging. An experimental method of drop testing and design simulation analysis was conducted. The effectiveness of the design parameters was also verified. Based on the results, there are four main elements that necessitate careful consideration: rib positioning, EPS cushion thickness, package layout, and packing size. These parameter findings make a significant contribution to sustainable design, where these elements were integrated directly to reduce and reuse packaging material. Thus, it has been concluded that 48 percent of the development cost of the cushion was decreased, 25 percent of mold modification time was significantly saved, and 27 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was identified. The findings also aided in the development of productive packaging design, in which these design elements were beneficial to reduce environmental impact. These findings had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry in terms of the economics and time of the molded expanded polystyrene packaging development.
  • Publication
    Graphitization of empty fruit bunch (EFB) waste at lower heating temperature
    (AIP Publishing, 2023)
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Marniati
    ;
    Desita Ria Yusian
    ;
    Muhammad Zulfadhly Mohd Fazil
    Previously, synthetic graphite was produced at higher heating temperature, which is above 2500°C in complex processing method and by using petroleum coke, anthracite, and coal tar pitch as the starting materials. These materials are known as non-waste sources. Therefore, in this study, Empty Fruit Bunch Waste (EFB) has been identified as a potential carbon source from waste to replace the non-waste sources of starting materials for synthetic graphite production. Hence, by implementing a controlled heating condition via pyrolysis process, with fixed heating rate and soaking time, Empty Fruit Bunch Waste (EFB), was heated at 3 different series of heating temperatures, which are, 300°C, 400°C and 500°C. The heating rate applied was maintained at 10°/min and the soaking time used 3 hours. After the heating treatment, the synthetic graphite obtained was characterized by various analytical tools, including, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) Analysis. Based on the analysis, it was confirmed that synthetic graphite was successfully synthesized by heat treatment at 500 °C with 10°/min of heating rate and 3 hours soaking time. Synthetic graphite was observed in the form of amorphous carbon based on the XRD diffraction pattern that matches with the reference code of 00-041-1487.
  • Publication
    Characterization of doped ZnO thin film for Ammonia gas sensing application
    (Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2023)
    Shazlina Johari
    ;
    Fatin Amira Hasbullah
    ;
    Anis Syafiqa Rosman
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Mohd Fairus Ahmad
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Nurul Huda Osman
    ;
    D. Darminto
    ;
    Ali Hussain Reshak
    ;
    Sebastian Garus
    This paper reports on the characterization of Sn- and Al-doped zinc oxide thin film for potential ammonia gas detection. The sol–gel method has been used to deposit the dopant onto the glass substrate at an annealing temperature of 500◦C for three different doping concentrations, which are 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 at.%. The method used to produce this thin film is sol–gel, as it is cheap, easy, and can be employed at low temperatures. The studies involve the investigation of the morphological structures and electrical and optical properties of doped ZnO. In terms of structural properties, scanning electron microscope images of Sn- and Al-doped ZnO change as the dopant concentration is increased. The doped thin film response and recovery towards 200 ppm of ammonia were observed and recorded. Both dopants show good gas sensing response. The recorded resistance reading suggests that Al is the superior dopant in gas sensing as it produces a low resistance reading of 230 Ω as opposed to 140 kΩ produced by Sn-doped ZnO thin film.
  • Publication
    Production of low temperature synthetic graphite
    ( 2023-04)
    Anis Syafiqa Rosman
    ;
    Ranjitha Navalan
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Mohd Fairus Ahmad
    ;
    Shazlina Johari
    ;
    Norshamsuri Ali @ Hasim
    ;
    Nurul Huda Osman
    Synthetic graphite is a material consisting of graphitic carbon which has been obtained by graphitizing a non-graphitic carbon. The growth in demand, particularly in customizing properties for certain usage has brought about research on viable alternative, low-cost, and environmentally pleasant synthetic graphite production. Biomass wastes are amongst appealing carbon precursors which have been broadly checked out as replacement carbon for graphite production. This research aimed to synthesize synthetic graphite from oil palm trunks at low temperatures (500 °C, 400 °C and 300 °C) under controlled conditions to determine the physical properties and properties of the graphite obtained. After the heat treatment process, the obtained samples were then characterized by using XRD, SEM and RAMAN characterizations. Based on SEM and RAMAN characterization, it can be seen that graphite that undergoes a 500 °C pyrolysis process shows the best results compare to graphite that undergoes a pyrolysis process at the temperatures of 300 °C and 400 °C. The graphite flakes and the peaks obtained for 500 °C graphite are obviously present. For XRD characterization, the best samples at 500 °C were chosen to be characterized. From the results, the sample shows slight behavior imitating the commercialized graphite. Hence, from the characterizations of the samples, it can be concluded that the best synthetic graphite produced was from the oil palm trunks heated at 500 ° C
      1  26
  • Publication
    Analysis on Silica and Graphene Nanomaterials Obtained From Rice Straw for Antimicrobial Potential
    ( 2024-06-12)
    Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda
    ;
    A Jalil N.H.
    ;
    Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Muttalib
    ;
    Fadhilnor Abdullah
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Afnan Uda M.N.
    ;
    Shahidah Arina Shamsuddin
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
    ;
    Ibrahim N.H.
    ;
    Tijjani Adam
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    Baharum N.A.
    This study focuses on the encapsulation of silica and graphene nanoparticles and their potential applications. The encapsulation enhances the properties and effectiveness of these nanoparticles, with silica providing stability and graphene contributing to high surface area and electrical conductivity. Characterization of silica-graphene nanoparticles was conducted using various techniques including High Power Microscope (HPM), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and 3D Nano Profiler. The antimicrobial activity of silica, graphene, and silica-graphene nanoparticles was evaluated using a disc diffusion assay against E. coli and B. subtilis at varying concentrations. Results showed significant antimicrobial activity, with the inhibition zone being directly proportional to the concentration. Silica-graphene nanoparticles demonstrated higher efficacy against E. coli compared to B. subtilis, attributed to differences in cell wall structure. Statistical analysis using ANOVA confirmed significant differences in antimicrobial activity among the tested components.
      4
  • Publication
    Aluminium Interdigitated Electrode with 5.0 µm Gap for Electrolytic Scooting
    ( 2024-06-01)
    Afnan Uda M.N.
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    ;
    Asral Bahari Jambek
    ;
    Tijjani Adam
    ;
    Saad I.
    ;
    Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    Shahidah Arina Shamsuddin
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Yashni G.
    ;
    Ibrahim N.H.
    ;
    Parimon N.
    ;
    Rani M.F.H.
    The goal of the research project is to design, fabricate, and characterize an extremely sensitive biosensor for use in healthcare. Using AutoCAD software, a novel IDE pattern with a 5 µm finger gap was created. Conventional photolithography and regular CMOS technology were used in the fabrication process. A 3D nano profiler, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-power microscopy (HPM), and low-power microscopy (LPM) were used to physically characterize the manufactured IDE. Chemical testing was done using several pH buffer solutions, and electrical validation was performed using I-V measurements. The Al IDE was produced, with a tolerance of 0.1 µm between the fabricated IDEs and the design mask. Electrical measurements verified the flawless fabrication of the IDE, and the device's repeatability was validated by the outcomes of comparable IDE samples. For each pH buffer solution, a modest additional volume of 2 µl was used to quantitatively detect slight current fluctuations in the microampere range. Through pH calibration for advanced applications in the realm of chemical sensors using an amperometric method, this research study has verified the chemical behavior of the IDE.
      1  21
  • Publication
    Sustainable packaging design for molded expanded polystyrene cushion
    ( 2023)
    Normah Kassim
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Wan Abd Rahman Assyahid Wan Ibrahim
    ;
    Norshah Afizi Shuaib
    ;
    Irfan Abd Rahim
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Maria Pop
    ;
    Aurel Mihail Titu
    ;
    Katarzyna Błoch
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    A molded expanded polystyrene (EPS) cushion is a flexible, closed-cell foam that can be molded to fit any packing application and is effective at absorbing shock. However, the packaging waste of EPS cushions causes pollution to landfills and the environment. Despite being known to cause pollution, this sustainable packaging actually has the potential to reduce this environmental pollution because of its reusability. Therefore, the objective of this study is to identify the accurate design parameter that can be emphasized in producing a sustainable design of EPS cushion packaging. An experimental method of drop testing and design simulation analysis was conducted. The effectiveness of the design parameters was also verified. Based on the results, there are four main elements that necessitate careful consideration: rib positioning, EPS cushion thickness, package layout, and packing size. These parameter findings make a significant contribution to sustainable design, where these elements were integrated directly to reduce and reuse packaging material. Thus, it has been concluded that 48 percent of the development cost of the cushion was decreased, 25 percent of mold modification time was significantly saved, and 27 percent of carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction was identified. The findings also aided in the development of productive packaging design, in which these design elements were beneficial to reduce environmental impact. These findings had a significant impact on the manufacturing industry in terms of the economics and time of the molded expanded polystyrene packaging development.
      3  14