UniMAP RIS :: Browsing by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"

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Wahab M.H.A.

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Alkhayyat A.

Depression is a mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feel, or act negatively. It has also been an issue to Malaysia as it could not only affect an individual, but also their friends, family or even the society. However, the awareness of public towards depression is still low especially when it comes to depression among university students. The lack of awareness could cause the patients to recover slower or having their illness worsen. A more interesting informational and awareness raising material compared with the one in text or audio form is needed to attract more audience understand this issue and raising their awareness towards depression among university students. The development of animation had been carried out successfully with core elements of analyse, design, development, implement and evaluation. The research involved ten respondents from UniMAP and Alpha test that involved a multimedia expert and a psychological expert. As a result, from the questionnaire given to the respondent and Alpha test, the product was able to let almost all the audience to learn about how to overcome depression and increase the awareness of depression among university students. In conclusion, the animation succeeds to achieve the objectives of the research and could be used as an informational and awareness raising material about depression.

Publication

2D LiDAR Based Reinforcement Learning for Multi-Target Path Planning in Unknown Environment

( 2023-01-01)

Abdalmanan N.

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Kamarulzaman Kamarudin

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Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar

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Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

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Ammar Zakaria

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Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria

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Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

Global path planning techniques have been widely employed in solving path planning problems, however they have been found to be unsuitable for unknown environments. Contrarily, the traditional Q-learning method, which is a common reinforcement learning approach for local path planning, is unable to complete the task for multiple targets. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a modified Q-learning method, called Vector Field Histogram based Q-learning (VFH-QL) utilized the VFH information in state space representation and reward function, based on a 2D LiDAR sensor. We compared the performance of our proposed method with the classical Q-learning method (CQL) through training experiments that were conducted in a simulated environment with a size of 400 square pixels, representing a 20-meter square map. The environment contained static obstacles and a single mobile robot. Two experiments were conducted: experiment A involved path planning for a single target, while experiment B involved path planning for multiple targets. The results of experiment A showed that VFH-QL method had 87.06% less training time and 99.98% better obstacle avoidance compared to CQL. In experiment B, VFH-QL method was found to have an average training time that was 95.69% less than that of the CQL method and 83.99% better path quality. The VFH-QL method was then evaluated using a benchmark dataset. The results indicated that the VFH-QL exhibited superior path quality, with efficiency of 94.89% and improvements of 96.91% and 96.69% over CQL and SARSA in the task of path planning for multiple targets in unknown environments.

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Publication

2D LiDAR based reinforcement learning for Multi-Target path planning in unknown environment

( 2023)

Nasr Abdalmanan

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Kamarulzaman Kamarudin

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Muhammad Aizat Abu Bakar

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Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

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Ammar Zakaria

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Syed Muhammad Mamduh Syed Zakaria

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Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

Global path planning techniques have been widely employed in solving path planning problems, however they have been found to be unsuitable for unknown environments. Contrarily, the traditional Q-learning method, which is a common reinforcement learning approach for local path planning, is unable to complete the task for multiple targets. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a modified Q-learning method, called Vector Field Histogram based Q-learning (VFH-QL) utilized the VFH information in state space representation and reward function, based on a 2D LiDAR sensor. We compared the performance of our proposed method with the classical Q-learning method (CQL) through training experiments that were conducted in a simulated environment with a size of 400 square pixels, representing a 20-meter square map. The environment contained static obstacles and a single mobile robot. Two experiments were conducted: experiment A involved path planning for a single target, while experiment B involved path planning for multiple targets. The results of experiment A showed that VFH-QL method had 87.06% less training time and 99.98% better obstacle avoidance compared to CQL. In experiment B, VFH-QL method was found to have an average training time that was 95.69% less than that of the CQL method and 83.99% better path quality. The VFH-QL method was then evaluated using a benchmark dataset. The results indicated that the VFH-QL exhibited superior path quality, with efficiency of 94.89% and improvements of 96.91% and 96.69% over CQL and SARSA in the task of path planning for multiple targets in unknown environments.

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Publication

3D grape bunch model reconstruction from 2D images

( 2023-12-01)

Woo Y.S.

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Li Z.

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Tamura S.

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Buayai P.

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Nishizaki H.

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Makino K.

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Latifah Munirah Kamarudin

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Mao X.

A crucial step in the production of table grapes is berry thinning. This is because the market value of table grape production is significantly influenced by bunch compactness, bunch form and berry size, all of which are primarily regulated by this task. Grape farmers must count the number of berries in the working bunch and decide which berry should be eliminated during thinning, a process requiring extensive viticultural knowledge. However, the use of 2D pictures for automatic berry counting and identifying the berries to be removed has limitations, as the number of visible berries might vary greatly depending on the direction of view. In addition, it is extremely important to understand the 3D structure of a bunch when considering future automation via robotics. For the reasons stated, obtaining a field-applicable 3D grape bunch model is needed. Thus, the contribution of this study is a novel technology for reconstructing a 3D model of a grape bunch with uniquely identified berries from 2D images captured in the real grape field environment.

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Publication

3D nanoporous hybrid nanoflower for enhanced non-faradaic redox-free electrochemical impedimetric biodetermination

( 2020-11-01)

Subramani I.G.

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Perumal V.

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Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

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Mohamed N.M.

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Joshi N.

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Ovinis M.

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Sze L.L.

Recently, non-faradaic electrochemical impedimetric (nfEIS) has been identified as a dynamic and robust method for bio-determining. However, the success of a nfEIS approach largely depends on its sensing layer architecture. In this study, the use of a Glutaraldehyde (GA) crosslinked copper (Cu) – bovine serum albumin (BSA) hybrid nanoflower with three-dimensional nanoporous architecture for the sensing layer was investigated. The nanoflower morphology changes were observed under FESEM, revealing loosely interlaced nanoflower into a tightly interlaced, highly porous structure upon GA crosslinking. This nanoflower was hybridized to immobilize aminated-DNA probe on the transducer surface and detect the target TB DNA in their natural redox-free environment. FTIR and XPS characterization showed distinct peaks at 950–1100 cm−1 (P-O, P=O bonds from nanoflower and DNA backbone) and 286.48 eV (interaction between BSA and aminated DNA), respectively, validating the successful DNA probe immobilization on the nanoflower surface. Furthermore, impedimetric sensing in a redox-free environment showed that the developed TB biosensor present has a detection limit (LOD) of 60 pM with a (linear) range from 1 pM to 1 µM with good reproducibility. This redox-free non-faradaic EIS offers excellent biosensing potential and may be extended for diagnosing other biomarkers in clinical practice.

Publication

3D Reconstruction of embedded object using ground penetrating radar

( 2023-01-01)

Fadil N.D.

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Hasimah Ali

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Ahmad Firdaus Ahmad Zaidi

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Kamal W.H.B.W.

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Basri N.A.M.

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a non-destructive device widely used to locate and map underground utilities such as pipes, cables, etc. Its principle is based on the reflection signal of a transmitter-receiver antenna that strikes underground objects by means of the propagation of a short pulse of electromagnetic waves into the ground. The GPR will produce a hyperbolic curve as a result of the object's presence. Accurate interpretation of hyperbola curves is greatly important and highly depends on user expertise; thus, it is considered a challenge. To address this issue, this study aims to develop 3D reconstructions of embedded objects. In this study, C-scan images were acquired, and 3D interpolation and the Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) were introduced. In this framework, the acquired data is subjected to pre-processing techniques via time-zero correction, background removal using average background subtraction, and Kirchoff's migration method. The software Reflex 3D Scan has been used to analyse and preprocess the 3D reconstruction of embedded objects. The obtained results show that 3D interpolation and SAFT methods are not only able to reconstruct 3D models but are also able to reveal information on the dimension and location of the buried object represented by voxel points in the 3D space cube.

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Publication

4 × 1 Array Antenna with Staging Transmission Line for Vehicle 5G Application

( 2021-06-15)

Ibrahim M.S.

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This project implemented the role of 5G technologies for vehicle application. 5G connectivity will give added value to a vehicle, to be able to connect to the networks and also talk to each other without any interference in very low latency. Implementing such kind of this technology will leverage disruptive new applications that will allow to improve driving efficiency and enhance road safety. With the increasing demand for mobile traffic and the delay and security of VANET based on IEEE 802.11p, the key technology of the fifth-generation mobile communication (5G) is combined with the functional characteristics of vehicle networking. And analyzes the application of D2D technology, cognitive radio to improve vehicle communication delay, flexibility, spectrum utilization efficiency and 5G technology in automatic driving. Finally, the potential application of 5G vehicular network is pointed out. This project used microstrip antenna because it has several advantages that did not feature on conventional microwave antenna such as light weight, low volume and thin profile configurations, which can be made conformal. The fabrication process might not cost the budget and mass production is also possible in a period. This research work is focusing on design, simulate, fabricate and analyze a 5G wireless antenna that operates at 26 GHz to 28 GHz by using Rogers RT/Duroid 5880, where this range of frequencies is one of the standard frequencies of the 5G communication. The development of wireless device prototype is also focused in this project as it will be install on a vehicle to enable 5G. This project consist of three major parts which are calculation, simulation and hardware design. Computer Simulation Technology (CST) microwave studio software used to simulate the designed antenna, it prompt the optimization of the antenna designed to achieved desired result before proceed with fabrication. The comparison between theoretical result and practical result was made to analyze margin error and trace the probable cause of the error. The measure of the antenna performance (basic antenna parameter) between array antenna and single patch antenna also studied in this project to conclude the most compatible antenna for vehicle application. 40 GHz Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) had been used to measure the fabricated antenna.

Publication

5.8 GHz Circular Polarized Microstrip Feeding Antenna for Point to Point Communication

( 2020-06-17)

Ariffah S.N.

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Muhammad A.

In this paper, the circular polarized 5.8 GHz patch antenna has successfully designed and simulated. This paper presented a design where both of the opposite edges of the rectangular patch of the antenna are truncated using micro strip feeding technique. Both simulations of the proposed antennas had been analyzed. The objectives of this paper has been achieved which is to design and simulate the circular polarized antenna with operating frequency of 5.8 GHz. From the results, the proposed antennas with different feeding technique that radiate at a constant frequency showed some distinct value towards the size of the antenna and the characteristic of its radiation. The results indicate that the antenna that uses micro strip feed line technique yields 2.337 dB directive gain, return loss and axial ratio at -14.042 dB and 3.193 dB respectivel. Meanwhile, the directivity values for the antennas is 5.31 dBi. It can be conclude that the designed 5.8 GHz antenna is ideal for point to pint communication antenna due to its performances.

Publication

5.8 GHz Circular Polarized Microstrip Feeding Antenna for Solar Panel Application

( 2020-12-18)

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Khairi M.

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Ariffah S.N.

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Muhammad A.

Circular polarized microstrip antenna have been proposed to establish connection among distributed solar farms. The base station antenna of each solar farm permits more precise on the targeting the radio signal and usually is placed at the open area or at a height place so that the radio waves to be transmitted will not be interrupted. For this paper, circularly polarized microstrip patch antenna (CPMSA) is designs and being reviewed. The patch antenna is based on low-cost, but lossy, and the substrate is made of Rogers RT 5880 (lossy). It consists of a rectangular radiator patch, which is fed by microstrip transmission line. In order to realized circularly polarized antenna, the patch has undergone some design modification to achieve circular rotation. Some technique is proposed to achieve CP antenna. The results indicate that the antenna that uses micro strip feed line technique yields 8.55 dB directive gain, return loss and axial ratio at -24.4 dB and 2.05 dB respectivel. The resonance frequency of 5.8 GHz is being selected since it is suitable used for point to point communication among distributed solar farms that located far from each others.

Publication

5.8 GHz Circularly Polarized Rectangular Microstrip Antenna Arrays simulation for Point-to-Point Application

( 2022-11-01)

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Sabri N.H.M.

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Jamlos M.F.

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Mohamad Nur Khairul Hafizi Rohani

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Khairul Najmy Abdul Rani

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Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi

In this paper, the design and simulation of rectangular microstrip antenna arrays for improving antenna gain is performed for point-to-point application. The circular polarization is proposed to restrict the limitation of linear polarization which is less reliable in base station antenna. The circular polarization antenna is made to allow the receiver constantly to receive the power at any wave angle and make the transmission between two antennas are more constant. The proposed design is composed of four elements microstrip antenna with an array configuration operating at 5.8 GHz. Each element is constructed from four truncated arrays radiating elements and an inclined slot on each patch which capable to achieve circular polarized capability. The design of the 2x1 and 2x2 of rectangular microstrip array antenna was implemented from the design of single rectangular patch antenna as the basic building element. The designed 2x1 and 2x2 array were fed by microstrip transmission line which applied a technique of quarter wave impedance matching. The antenna design was etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate with 2.1 and 1.53 mm of dielectric constant and thickness respectively. All the designed structure were simulated in CST software. The main results of the designed antennas were compared in terms of gain, axial ratio and return loss. Based on the return loss simulation results, the designed antennas resonated exactly at the desired resonant frequency of 5.8 GHz which indicates good antenna designs. Compared to the single patch antenna having an antenna gain of 8.26 dB, the 2x1 and 2x2 arrays achieved a gain of 10.24 dB and 13.29 dB respectively. The results show that the designed rectangular microstrip antenna arrays have an improved gain performance over the single patch antenna.

Publication

5G Millimeter Wave Wearable Antenna: State-Of-the-Art and Current Challenges

( 2021-01-01)

Hasliza A Rahim @ Samsuddin

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Mashagba H.A.

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Yahaya N.Z.

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Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin

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Jamaluddin M.H.

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Muzammil Jusoh

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Thennarasan Sabapathy

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Ismahayati Adam

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Abdulmalek M.

Fifth Generation (5G) is the next evolution of mobile communication that will provide seamless and massive high speed connectivity to the society. Paralleled with the rise of 5G, it is foreseen that wearable devices particularly wearable antenna will be the significant end node for wearable devices in Millimeter Wave (mmWave) frequency bands. Thus, this paper discusses the new development of the 5G sub-6 GHz and mmWave wearable antenna, introduces the research results of the 5G mmWave wearable antenna in recent years, and addresses the key challenges in the development trend of the development trend of the 5G mmWave wearable antenna.

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Publication

60-year Research history of missing data: a bibliometric review on Scopus database (1960-2019)

( 2020-12)

Farah Adibah Adnan

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Mohd Hafiz Zakaria

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Safwati Ibrahim

esearch on missing data was initiatedin1960and the study on this topicgrew exponentially acrossvarioussubject areas since then.Therefore, this study aims to analyze those studies, specificallyjournal articles publishedin the context of missing data.Scopus databaseand analysis tools wereutilized to retrieve all available journal articles related tomissing dataand its data. Next, due to the large number of articles foundin the Scopus database, its informationcan only be efficiently extracted and combined using Mendeley software.To further obtained insights on the extractedinformation, VOSviewer was used to obtain network visualization and overlay visualization on authors’ keywordand citation metrics was obtained using HarzingPublish or Perish software. Additionally, the growth of publication, languages used, subject area, countriesinvolved,and publication activity were also presented using bibliometric analysis. In total, 6227journal articles werefound. The recordshows thata drastic increment of research in missing data happened in 2016, with 446publications compared to 361 in 2015. Most of the articleswere affiliated with researchers in the United States and werewritten mainly in English. Mathematics, decision sciences, medicine, and computer scienceare four subject areas that have high number of articles. It is expected that thepublications on this topic will increase significantly in 2020 due to its research trend that is currently blooming in the area of medicine and thereforeleadtopotential directions for future research

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Publication

9-level Symmetrical Cascaded Switched-Diode with Artificial Bee Colony Optimizer

( 2021-01-01)

Muhammad Zaid Aihsan

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Muhammad Izuan Fahmi Romli

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Mohd Saifizi Saidon

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