Conference Publications

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/193

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Browsing Conference Publications by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"
  • Publication
    Comparative study on mechanisms of gases release from Ca-alginate beads
    ( 2024)
    Yee-Ming Peh
    ;
    Lee Boon Beng
    ;
    Farizul Hafiz Kasim
    ;
    Akmal Hadi Ma’Radzi
    ;
    Ahmad Radi Wan Yaakub
    ;
    Hafizah Mohd Johar
    ;
    D.F.A. Riza
    ;
    N. Izza
    ;
    K. Gustinasari
    ;
    I.K. Maharsih
    ;
    W.B. Sunarharum
    ;
    M. Nurcholis
    ;
    B.S.D. Dewanti
    ;
    V.T. Widayanti
    ;
    E. Mufidah
    ;
    I. Qisthiya
    ;
    D. Karadag
    ;
    S. Idrus
    ;
    H. Umakoshi
    ;
    Y.C. Lee
    ;
    D. Fatchurrahman
    ;
    M. Zhu
    ;
    K.A. Omwange
    ;
    T. Addini
    Calcium alginate (Ca-alginate) beads have attracted considerable attention as carriers for the controlled release of volatile compounds due to their biocompatibility and tunable properties. This study aimed to compare the release of ethylene and carbon dioxide gas from Ca-alginate beads. Ca-alginate beads were prepared from a sodium alginate solution containing ethephon and calcium carbonate as the gas-forming agent. The resulting solution was then extruded into a calcium chloride solution. The gas release behavior was studied by monitoring the concentration of released gases over time using gas detectors. Extrusion tip diameter, alginate concentration and gas-releasing agent concentration were systematically varied to assess their effect on the gas release rate. The results indicated distinct release patterns for ethylene and carbon dioxide gas. Ethylene gas exhibited a relatively slower and sustained release, while carbon dioxide gas exhibited a more rapid release. Moreover, the bead size influenced the gas release, with larger beads displaying faster release rates for ethylene and carbon dioxide gas. The concentration of alginate also played a role in modulating the release kinetics, with higher alginate concentration resulting in slower gas release. The findings have implications for designing and optimizing Ca-alginate-based systems for agricultural applications, including plant hormone delivery and modified atmosphere packaging.
  • Publication
    Factors of controlling the formation of Titanium Dioxide (TiO₂) synthesized using Sol-gel method – a short review
    ( 2022)
    Kamrosni Abdul Razak
    ;
    Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Norsuria Mahmed
    ;
    Azliza Azani
    ;
    V. Chobpattana
    There have been experiments on TiO₂ thin films synthesized utilizing sol-gel techniques. The sol-gel method is a straightforward technology that gives numerous benefits to the researcher, for instance, material's reliability, reproducibility, and controllability. Following from there, it can be utilized to make high-quality nano-structured thin films. According to previous studies, the TiO₂ films' characteristics occur to be highly dependent on the production parameters and initial materials utilized. Controlling the formation of TiO₂ thin films with the sol-gel method was momentarily discussed here.
      86  26
  • Publication
    Graphene-modified TiO2as photoanode using agarose gel electrolyte for dye-sensitized solar cell
    ( 2022-05-18)
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Afzalina Badri
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    ;
    Norhayati Sabani
    ;
    Mohammad Kahar Ab Wahab
    ;
    Amira Abul Shukor
    A newly developed biopolymer agarose gel electrolyte along with titanium dioxide-graphene (TiO2-G) as a photoanode in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) was prepared and investigated towards green approaches and electrolyte stability. To develop a biopolymer electrolyte, potassium iodide was added to the agarose biopolymer matrix to produce a gel electrolyte system. As for the photoanode, TiO2 with different graphene concentrations was prepared. It was recorded that the bandgap was reduced from 3.0 eV to 2.50 eV with the increasing graphene concentration. The formation of agarose gel electrolyte and TiO2-Graphene photoanode were determined by the FTIR analysis. Meanwhile, XRD analysis was conducted to identify the crystallinity of agarose gel electrolyte and TiO2-G affecting the performance of the cell. The XRD spectra measured in a range of 2θ from 5° to 80° showed a diffraction peak at 2θ = 22°, 25.5° and 36° for agarose gel electrolyte and 2θ = 24.88° for TiO2-Graphene. The results illustrated that the TiO2-G combination improves the crystallinity and thus exhibits higher surface area and mesoporous structure for better electrical conductivity and simultaneously strikes the performance stability of DSSC.
      1
  • Publication
    Optimization of chlorophenols adsorption using OPEFB biosorbent
    ( 2022-11-18)
    Huzairy Hassan
    ;
    Mohd Azmier Ahmad
    ;
    Lim Chia Hooi
    ;
    Bello Olugbenga Solomon
    Palm oil industry have long been one of the most important economic drivers in the country. However, the abundance of wastes generated such as oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) and palm oil mill effluent (POME) have resulted in serious environmental issues that necessitate immediate response. This work investigates the optimization of biosorption of chlorophenols, which are commonly found in POME, using treated OPEFB biosorbent. The surface of biosorbent was modified by physical or chemical treatment. The biosorption capacity for 2,3-dichlorophenol (2,3-DCP) are higher than that of 2-chlorophenol (2-CP). Therefore, 2,3-DCP was further examined in the optimization study by Full 2k factorial design and Central Composite Design (CCD). A full 25-1 factorial design with five factors and two levels was used to screen the significant factors that influenced the biosorption process. These results were applied in the optimization using CCD with three factors (initial 2,3-DCP concentration, pH of solution and OPEFB biosorbent dosage). It is found the optimum conditions for 2,3-DCP biosorption were 200?ppm initial concentration, pH 5 and 0.15?g dosage. The maximum biosorption capacity was 13.65?mg/g. Langmuir biosorption isotherm best described the biosorption of 2,3-DCP onto OPEFB biosorbent at different initial concentrations of 2,3-DCP solution. Pseudo-second order was found to best fit the biosorption system by OPEFB biosorbent. Therefore, it is worth considering the potential use of OPEFB biomass as a biosorbent in the application of the treatment of toxic pollutants.
      3  1
  • Publication
    Preliminary investigation on the correlation between mechanical properties and conductivity of low-density polyethylene/carbon black (LDPE/CB) conductive polymer composite (CPC)
    ( 2022-01-24)
    Farah Badrul
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Salleh M.A.A.M.
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Zakaria
    ;
    Muhamad N.A.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The insulating nature of a polymer can be changed to electrically conductive by incorporating conductive fillers within the polymer matrix to form a conductive polymer composite (CPC). One of the potential application of CPCs are in the area of flexible electronic interconnect application. Nevertheless, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of CPCs such as tensile was found to be limited. Therefore, this paper is aimed to report the preliminary investigation on the correlation between conductivity and mechanical properties of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) incorporation with conductive filler which is carbon black (CB. It was observed that the tensile strength was decreased by up to 29.4% and the elongation of break was decreased by up to 90.6% at higher CB loading compared to pure LDPE. Nonetheless, the modulus of elasticity and the electrical conductivity of the composites were increased by up to 150.5% and 16.4% at higher CB loading respectively. Moreover, it was found that the effect of CB additions on the tensile modulus was greater compared to the conductivity of the CPCs.
      1
  • Publication
    Preparation and characterization of NE-7150 and NE-7170 silicone rubber blend with different ratios and curing agents loading
    ( 2022-05-18)
    Chew Jie Yi
    ;
    Mohamad Kahar Abdul Wahab
    ;
    Nur Afikah Zulkeply
    ;
    Hayeemasae N.
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    Silicone rubbers are elastomers which are composed of silicone, carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is widely used in industry and many applications in our daily life. Basically, silicone rubbers can be divided into solid or liquid form. Uncured rubbers are required to undergo vulcanization process with a curing agent or cross-linking agent to produce useful products. Silicone rubbers can be molded into many shapes and designs due to its ease of processing. In this research project, silicone rubbers NE-7150 and NE-7170 were used in the blend in different types of curing agents. Two different vulcanization systems were involved which were peroxide C-15 vulcanization system and platinum C-25A & C-S5B catalysts hydrosilylation. Platinum can offer the silicone rubbers to cure with higher cross-linking density and result in good swelling and mechanical properties. However, as the cross-linking density increases and the rubbers become harder, the percentage elongation at break of the rubbers will drop. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test was carried out to investigate the structure formation of silicone rubbers. The uncured and cured rubbers showed similar results as the curing of rubbers only happened within the C-C bonds. In Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), the surface morphology of the rubber samples was obtained and the existence of rough surfaces on the platinum cured rubbers indicate it cured with more cross-links than peroxide cured rubbers.
      1
  • Publication
    Preparation of water-base immobilized N doped TiO2 using DSAT technique for photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Natar N.S.
    ;
    Ikhwan S.
    ;
    Nazeri N.S.
    ;
    Hamzah S.R.
    ;
    Rosli M.A.
    ;
    Ghani N.I.
    ;
    Ishak M.A.M.
    ;
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Azami M.S.
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    Photocatalytic degradation of TiO2 photocatalyst under suspension mode has widely been studied among researchers. However, the application is limited due to the complexity in separation and non-recyclability of photocatalyst. Immobilization is one of the promising methods to overcome this problem. Most of the prepared immobilization modes showed lower photocatalytic activity compared with the suspension due to the chemical reaction of solvent with modified TiO2. Therefore, a free solvent or water-base preparation of immobilized TiO2 is critical in retaining its photocatalytic activity. Immobilization via double-sided adhesive tape (DSAT) was introduced previously by our research team, it works the best of others in replacing polymer binder in immobilization system making it a free solvent preparation process. The aim of this research is to prepare immobilized unmodified TiO2 and N doped TiO2 by using water-base DSAT technique. The presence of N element was detected for all modified N doped TiO2 samples confirmed by FTIR and EDX analysis. The N incorporated in modified TiO2 has reduced the band gap energy from 3.0 to 2.8 eV as observed by UV–Vis/DRS analysis. This explained the photoactivity under MB dye degradation is 2.1 times faster under N doped TiO2 where the photodegradation rate for unmodified and optimum N doped TiO2 (TN1-45) were 0.065 and 0.138 min−1 respectively. Immobilized TiO2/DSAT and TN1-450/DSAT have shown a significant photocatalytic performance where it was only reduced to 15% from suspension to immobilized mode. It can be considered higher performance as compared to the normal immobilization under solvent. It also better than suspension mode by considering of its reusability that able to sustain the photoactivity of immobilized TN1-450/DSAT for at least for 12 cycles.
      1
  • Publication
    The study and preparation of polyaniline-graphene oxide as robust counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells
    ( 2022-05-18)
    Mohd Fairul Sharin Abdul Razak
    ;
    Amira Abul Shukor
    ;
    Mohd Nazry Salleh
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    ;
    Norhayati Sabani
    ;
    Afzalina Badri
    The study of alternative materials and platinum-free counter electrodes (CE) for the development of dye- sensitized solar cells (DSSC) has been highlighted nowadays. Polyaniline (PANI) is one of the most common conducting polymers applied in electrochemical energy storage and conversion technologies such as supercapacitors, rechargeable batteries and fuel cells. However, PANI counter electrodes lack long-term stability due to their low surface area and large volume changes during the release of ions. In that regard, this research work focused on the modification of protonated PANI with graphene oxide (GO) at various weight percentages (wt%) in order to obtain robust CE in DSSC. The structure and formation of PANI, GO and PANI/GO were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The absorption spectra showed all the characteristic bands of GO, PANI(ES) and PANI/GO. Meanwhile, the incorporation of GO into PANI has enhanced the crystallinity of the composite. As a result, power conversion efficiency (PCE%) of the device with PANI/GO 3 wt% as the counter electrode reaches 6.39%. The excellent photoelectric properties, simple preparation procedure and inexpensive cost allow the PANI/GO electrode to be a credible alternative for DSSCs.
      1