Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
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Preferred name
Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
Official Name
Muhammad Salihin , Zakaria
Alternative Name
Zakaria, Muhammad Salihin
Zakaria, M. S.B.
Zakaria, M. S.
Salihin, M. Z.
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
56479320900
Researcher ID
HTN-7486-2023

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  • Publication
    The effect of various nanoclay surface modifications on the thermal and mechanical properties of amorphous polyamide nanocomposites
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Kennedy J.E.
    ;
    Farrell J.B.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The addition of nanoclay within polymer matrix is anticipate to enhance the properties of the polymer system. Nonetheless, one of the key elements in property enhancements of a polymer nanocomposites is the surface modifications of the nanoclay. This is due to the affinity between polymer matrix and nanoclay is of important factors should be considered. In this study, amorphous polyamide was melt blended with different nanoclay grades with different surface modifications in order to evaluate the best clay grade for the polymer system. The thermal analysis carried out on the amorphous polyamide nanocomposites were carried out by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) whereas the mechanical properties were investigated using tensile testing. It was observed that there were changes in the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites due to clay additions. Further, the storage modulus was found to increase as a result of nanoclay incorporation. The type of clay grades significantly affects the mechanical properties of the amorphous polyamide nanocomposites.
  • Publication
    Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue using zinc oxide/styrene butadiene rubber photocatalyst
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Nordin R.
    ;
    Latiff N.
    ;
    Yusof R.
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Ishak Z.A.M.
    The zinc oxide/styrene butadiene rubber (ZnO/SBR) photocatalyst was successfully prepared via mechanical mixing at 30 °C. ZnO/SBR square shaped (3 x 3 cm) with 0.54 mm thickness was investigated towards photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) solution under visible light irradiation and compared with bare ZnO and raw SBR. FTIR absorption spectra reveal the characteristic peaks and estimated intensity of conjugated carbon for ZnO/SBR. ZnO/SBR showed excellent photocatalytic performance nearly as good as bare ZnO.
  • Publication
    Effect of several commercial rubbers as substrates for zinc oxide in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible irradiation
    ( 2020-09-01)
    Nordin R.
    ;
    Latiff N.
    ;
    Yusof R.
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Ishak Z.A.M.
    A new approach of mechanical preparation of photocatalyst zinc oxide (ZnO)/rubbers from four types of rubbers: styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), natural rubber (NR), and epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) with 50% epoxidation is presented. This technique is simple, fast and cost effective as ZnO/rubbers were me-chanically mixed using conventional two-roll mill at 27°C for 10 min and compressed into flat sheet. The characteristics of photocatalyst were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The photocatalytic activity of ZnO/rubbers was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant under visible light for 300 min. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO/SBR is nearly as good as that of ZnO powder (87.32%) compared to ZnO/NR, ZnO/EPDM and ZnO/ENR. This is due to the highest index of conjugated carbon-carbon bond of SBR and hydrogen bonding between ZnO and SBR. The formation of hydrogen bonding was confirmed by FTIR and reduction of energy band gap of ZnO/SBR. The photocatalytic degradation of MB with ZnO/SBR was could be fitted by pseudo-first-order kinetics of the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.
  • Publication
    Review of mechanical properties: Materials being subjected by explosive compaction and explosive welding
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Hilmi A.H.
    ;
    Hamid A.R.A.
    Explosive compaction is a way of enhancing powder while maintaining its distinctive microstructure and form. Bulk alloys with a relative density of over 96 percent can be obtained through direct explosive compaction. Explosive welding is a method for the processing of two or more strong explosive strength metals during high-energy processes. In the field, explosive welding is widely used to link laminated composites and parts that cannot be linked using conventional welding techniques. Shock consolidation is a process in which highly deformed particle surfaces establish a one-step inter-particle connection. Powders that, due to their intensity, cannot be conventionally compacted by powder metallurgy can be compacted. The prediction of device microstructures and properties remains a technical problem. This review will discuss the mechanical properties of materials undergoing explosive compaction and welding.
  • Publication
    Influence of sodium chloride on recycled HDPE in superhydrophobic surface development
    ( 2024-12)
    Thor Keat Seng
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Razif Muhammed Nordin
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Lokman Hakim Ibrahim
    Inspired by lotus leaf, superhydrophobic surfaces have emerged rapidly in recent years. It is due to its excellence ability in self-cleaning and corrosion protection, to name a few. In this research, a green superhydrophobic surface was constructed on the surface of recycled High-Density Polyethylene (rHDPE) by utilizing Sodium chloride (NaCl) as a water-soluble surface modifying agent. The treatment process is simple,and cost-efficient as it only used rHDPE and NaCl as the main materials with additional chemicals and at the same time leave no impact on the environment. Variation of NaCl grinding period influenced the value of CA by which 240 minutes grinded NaCl displayed highest CA of 161.4°. This may be attributed by the increase of surface roughness as the grinding time increase. Furthermore, the surface morphology, topography, and self-cleaning ability of superhydrophobic surafce were analyzed to further understand the surface characteristics. The anti-sticking and self-cleaning properties were successfully displayed by the superhydrophobic surface thus, showing its potential as an eco-friendly material.
  • Publication
    Structural and optical properties of commercial microparticle zinc oxide
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Nordin R.
    ;
    Latiff N.
    ;
    Yusof R.
    ;
    Nawawi W.I.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Ishak Z.A.M.
    Commercial grade ZnO were sieved into particle size of 38 to 90 µm at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern confirms the hexagonal wurzite structure of ZnO microparticles. Irregular shapes of ZnO microparticles were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) confirmed the presence of Zn-O band. In addition, Uv-visible spectra (UV-Vis) were empolyed to estimate the band gap energy of ZnO microparticles.
  • Publication
    The effect of twin screw compounding parameters on the tensile properties of pineapple leaf/sea shell hybrid polymer composite using DOE approach
    ( 2020-11-24)
    Ching N.T.
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Osman
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    Pineapple leaf and sea shell were used as natural fillers in this research due to its biodegradable nature, wide availability, continuous resources and low cost. This research work was carried out to investigate the effect of compounding process using twin screw extruder on the tensile performance of pineapple leaf / sea shell polymer composite using Design of Experiment (DOE) approach. A total of nine runs of were formulated and the resulitng hybrid composites were compounded using twin screw extruder. The short term tensile test was carried out to determine the tensile properties and the data were sunsequently analyse using DOE software. Pareto chart of the standardized effect and the main effect plot were employed to investigate the relationship between processing parameters and the tensile performance of the hybrid composite systems. Based on the initial DOE analysis, it is shown that compounding parameters had influenced the final mechanical behavior of the hybrid composites.
  • Publication
    Preliminary investigation on the correlation between mechanical properties and conductivity of low-density polyethylene/carbon black (LDPE/CB) conductive polymer composite (CPC)
    ( 2022-01-24)
    Farah Badrul
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Salleh M.A.A.M.
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Azlin Fazlina Zakaria
    ;
    Muhamad N.A.
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The insulating nature of a polymer can be changed to electrically conductive by incorporating conductive fillers within the polymer matrix to form a conductive polymer composite (CPC). One of the potential application of CPCs are in the area of flexible electronic interconnect application. Nevertheless, the correlation between the electrical conductivity and mechanical properties of CPCs such as tensile was found to be limited. Therefore, this paper is aimed to report the preliminary investigation on the correlation between conductivity and mechanical properties of a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) incorporation with conductive filler which is carbon black (CB. It was observed that the tensile strength was decreased by up to 29.4% and the elongation of break was decreased by up to 90.6% at higher CB loading compared to pure LDPE. Nonetheless, the modulus of elasticity and the electrical conductivity of the composites were increased by up to 150.5% and 16.4% at higher CB loading respectively. Moreover, it was found that the effect of CB additions on the tensile modulus was greater compared to the conductivity of the CPCs.
      1  6
  • Publication
    Unsaturated polyester composites filled with untreated and surface treatment sugarcane bagasse by hot press technique
    ( 2009)
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    The aim of this research is the improvement of the mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced thermoset, as a result of optimization of the properties of sugarcane bagasse fibers by the use of NaOH treatment process. Tert-butyl perbenzoate was used as catalyst at elevated temperature for efficient processing of polyester composites. Sugarcane bagasse fibers were alkalized with 1, 3 and 5% NaOH solution, combined with four different fiber loading formulation, and hot-pressed to form natural fibers composites. The flexural modulus and strength of bagasse fiber composites alkalized with 3% NaOH solution gave the highest value and the untreated bagasse fiber gave the lowest. The same trend was obtained for the tensile modulus and strength as expected. However, by increased the NaOH solution, the mechanical properties decreased as a result of fibrillation lead to uneffective stress transfer occurred. Meanwhile, the break elongation of composites was decreased due to the improved fiber-matrix adhesion (to give more stiffness to the composites). Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) showed that with 3% NaOH solution treatment, bagasse fiber composites gave the highest storage modulus (E′) values and the lowest tan δ values. SEM observations on the fracture surface of composites showed that the surface modification of the fiber occurred and improved fiber-matrix adhesion. A water absorption test also showed that with 3% NaOH solution treatment, bagasse fiber composites gave higher bonding and adhesion compared to all another bagasse fiber composites.
      2  3
  • Publication
    Short review: biowaste as a source of silica and Its application as a filler to fabricate the superhydrophobic silica-based coating
    ( 2024-03)
    Nur Fatihah Mohd Fadzil
    ;
    Muhammad Salihin Zakaria
    ;
    Khairul Anwar Abdul Halim
    ;
    Nur Farhana Hayazi
    ;
    Lokman Hakim Ibrahim
    ;
    Razif Muhammed Nordin
    Silica (SiO2) plays a major key ingredient in producing products such as toothpaste, ceramics, and paints, to name a few, as it acts as a stabilizing agent, filler and additive. Due to its excellent properties, the use of high-purity SiO2 in industrial applications is favourable. Unfortunately, high-purity SiO2 is expensive. Tetraethyl Orthosilicate (TEOS) is an example of a SiO2 precursor that is costly and harmful, yet frequently employed. This paper provides a short review of the advantages of biowaste materials as SiO2 precursors and their role as fillers in the fabrication of superhydrophobic coating. Researchers nowadays are attempting to lower the expense of employing high-purity SiO2 by extracting silica from biowaste using many methods such as acid leaching and alkali treatment as this option is highly sustainable. The growth of agricultural industries is exponential due to the increase in biowaste production. Therefore, this is one of the ways to utilize the use of biowaste in combatting the environmental issues regarding excess biowaste and receding pure resources. SiO2 from biowaste also can be utilized as filler and used to develop superhydrophobic coating, providing numerous potential applications.
      8  1