UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Journal Articles by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"

Publication

A 1.5 V, 0.85-13.35 GHZ MMIC low noise amplifier design using optimization technique

( 2009)

Arjuna Marzuki

;

This paper describes how a broadband, 1.5 V, 0.85-13.35 GHz low noise amplifier in 0.15 μm 85 GHz PHEMT process is synthesized to simultaneously meet multiple design specifications such as bandwidth, noise figure, power gain and power consumption. Power-constrained synthesis technique is used to design the broadband amplifier. The simulated peak S21 is 19.8 dB, maximum noise Figure is 2.5 dB, 3-dB bandwidth is 12.5 GHz and power consumption is 73.5 mW. The calculated Figure of merit (FOM) is better than many reported broadband low noise amplifier (LNA).

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Publication

A Point-of-Care immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotropin in clinical urine samples using a cuneated polysilicon nanogap Lab-on-Chip

( 2015)

S. R. Balakrishnan

;

Uda Hashim

;

Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath

;

Prabakaran A/L Poopalan

;

H. R. Ramayya

;

M. Iqbal Omar

;

R. Haarindraprasad

;

P. Veeradasan

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), a glycoprotein hormone secreted from the placenta, is a key molecule that indicates pregnancy. Here, we have designed a cost-effective, label-free, in situ point-of-care (POC) immunosensor to estimate hCG using a cuneated 25 nm polysilicon nanogap electrode. A tiny chip with the dimensions of 20.5 × 12.5 mm was fabricated using conventional lithography and size expansion techniques. Furthermore, the sensing surface was functionalized by (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and quantitatively measured the variations in hCG levels from clinically obtained human urine samples. The dielectric properties of the present sensor are shown with a capacitance above 40 nF for samples from pregnant women; it was lower with samples from non-pregnant women. Furthermore, it has been proven that our sensor has a wide linear range of detection, as a sensitivity of 835.88 μA mIU-1 ml-2 cm-2 was attained, and the detection limit was 0.28 mIU/ml (27.78 pg/ml). The dissociation constant Kd of the specific antigen binding to the anti-hCG was calculated as 2.23 ± 0.66 mIU, and the maximum number of binding sites per antigen was Bmax = 22.54 ± 1.46 mIU. The sensing system shown here, with a narrow nanogap, is suitable for high-throughput POC diagnosis, and a single injection can obtain triplicate data or parallel analyses of different targets.

Publication

A reconfigurable WiMAX antenna for directional and broadside application

( 2013-04-25)

Muzammil Jusoh

;

M. F. Jamlos

;

M. R. Kamarudin

;

Thennarasan Sabapathy

A novel reconfigurable compact patch array antenna for directional and broadside application is proposed. The presented antenna has successfully been able to function for directional beam at 320° or 35° and divisive broadside beam at 43° and 330°. This is realized in the unique form of aperture coupled spiral feeding technique and positioning of the radiating elements at 0°, 90,° and 180°. The switchable feature is effectively performed by the configuration of three PIN diodes. All PIN diodes are positioned at the specific location of the aperture coupled structure. It is discovered in simulation that the switches can be represented with a copper strip line or touchstone (TS) block . The proposed antenna design operates at 2.37 GHz to 2.41 GHz and has a maximum gain of 6.4 dB and efficiency of 85.97%. Such antenna produces a broadside HPBW with a wider bandwidth covering from −90° to 90° compared to the normal microstrip antenna which could only provide HPBW of −50° to 50°. Moreover, the proposed antenna has small physical dimension of 100 mm by 100 mm. The simulation and measurement results have successfully exhibited the idea of the presented antenna performance. Therefore, the antenna is sufficiently competent in the smart WiMAX antenna application.

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Publication

A Review of Antennas for Picosatellite Applications

( 2017)

Abdul Halim Lokman

;

Ping Jack Soh

;

Saidatul Norlyana Azemi

;

Herwansyah Lago

;

Symon K. Podilchak

;

Suramate Chalermwisutkul

;

Mohd Faizal Jamlos

;

Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi

;

Prayoot Akkaraekthalin

;

Steven Gao

Cube Satellite (CubeSat) technology is an attractive emerging alternative to conventional satellites in radio astronomy, earth observation, weather forecasting, space research, and communications. Its size, however, poses a more challenging restriction on the circuitry and components as they are expected to be closely spaced and very power efficient. One of the main components that will require careful design for CubeSats is their antennas, as they are needed to be lightweight, small in size, and compact or deployable for larger antennas. This paper presents a review of antennas suitable for picosatellite applications. An overview of the applications of picosatellites will first be explained, prior to a discussion on their antenna requirements. Material and antenna topologies which have been used will be subsequently discussed prior to the presentation of several deployable configurations. Finally, a perspective and future research work on CubeSat antennas will be discussed in the conclusion.

Publication

An introduction to double stain normalization technique for brain tumour histopathological images

( 2024)

Fahmi Akmal Dzulkifli

;

Mohd Yusoff Mashor

;

Rafikha Aliana A Raof

;

Hasnan Jaafar

Stain normalization is an image pre-processing method extensively used to standardize multiple variances of staining intensity in histopathology image analysis. Staining variations may occur for several reasons, such as unstandardized protocols while preparing the specimens, using dyes from different manufacturers, and varying parameters set while capturing the digital images. In this study, a double stain normalization technique based on immunohistochemical staining is developed to improve the performance of the conventional Reinhard’s algorithm. The proposed approach began with preparing a target image by applying the contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) technique to the targeted cells. Later, the colour distribution of the input image will be matched to the colour distribution of the target image through the linear transformation process. In this study, the power-law transformation was applied to address the over-enhancement and contrast degradation issues in the conventional method. Five quality metrics comprised of entropy, tenengrad criterion (TEN), mean square error (MSE), structural similarity index (SSIM) and correlation coefficient were used to measure the performance of the proposed system. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperformed all conventional techniques. The proposed method achieved the highest average values of 5.59, 3854.11 and 94.65 for entropy, TEN, and MSE analyses.

Publication

Comparative analysis on virtual private network in the internet of things gateways

( 2022-10-01)

Mohd Idzaney Zakaria

;

Mohd Natashah Norizan

;

Muammar Mohamad Isa

;

Mohd Faizal Jamlos

;

Mustapa Muslim

A virtual private network (VPN) connects a private network to the internet, primarily the public network, through a secure tunnel. Using a local area network (LAN) segment, users can send and receive data from their colleagues in different locations on the network. The development of VPN allows users to gain access to company applications and databases. Therefore, data can be transmitted through a secure tunnel without the need to configure port forwarding for the internet of things (IoT) gateway, allowing users to access it from any location in the world. A method such as dataplicity and pitunnel was examined to compare with the conventional setting. This research paper examines the current deployment of VPN connections in IoT gateways, discussing their characteristics, benefits, and drawbacks, as well as comparing them. The advantage of this method is that the IoT gateway is always accessible and has internet connectivity, which is a significant benefit. Dataplicity is a more trustworthy option because they offer excellent assistance for both the backend and frontend environments.

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Publication

Comparison between conventional OCDMA and subcarrier multiplexing SAC OCDMA system based on single photodiode detection

( 2017-12-11)

N. A. A Ahmad

;

Junita Mohd Nordin

;

Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid

;

Mohd Rashidi Che Beson

;

Rosdisham Endut

This paper demonstrates the comparison between conventional OCDMA system and subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) SAC-OCDMA system by applying Recursive Combinatorial (RC) code based on single photodiode detection (SPD). SPD is used in the receiver part to reduce the effect of multiple access interference (MAI) which contributes as a dominant noise in incoherent SAC-OCDMA systems. From this analysis, the performance of SCM OCDMA network could be improved by using lower data rates and higher received power. The hybrid SCM OCDMA system shows better performance compare to conventional OCDMA system although the number of users involved is very high. This is because, for hybrid SCM OCDMA system, the number of users can be increased by increasing the number of subcarriers without affect the number of code length and optical codes. Increasing the number of subcarriers will enhance the power consumption by applying hybrid SCM system in OCDMA compared to the conventional OCDMA system. This is because increasing the number of users for hybrid SCM system does not affects the number of code length and the number of optical codes but only increase the number of subcarriers. Thus, hybrid SCM OCDMA system has to increase spectral efficiency and produce better performance compared to conventional of OCDMA system

Publication

Coverage extension and balancing the transmitted power of the moving relay node at LTE-A cellular network

( 2014)

Jaafar A. Aldhaibani

;

Abid Yahya

;

R Badlishah Ahmad

The poor capacity at cell boundaries is not enough to meet the growing demand and stringent design which required high capacity and throughput irrespective of user’s location in the cellular network. In this paper, we propose new schemes for an optimum fixed relay node (RN) placement in LTE-A cellular network to enhance throughput and coverage extension at cell edge region. The proposed approach mitigates interferences between all nodes and ensures optimum utilization with the optimization of transmitted power. Moreover, we proposed a new algorithm to balance the transmitted power of moving relay node (MR) over cell size and providing required SNR and throughput at the users inside vehicle along with reducing the transmitted power consumption by MR. The numerical analysis along with the simulation results indicates that an improvement in capacity for users is 40% increment at downlink transmission from cell capacity. Furthermore, the results revealed that there is saving nearly 75% from transmitted power in MR after using proposed balancing algorithm. ATDI simulator was used to verify the numerical results, which deals with real digital cartographic and standard formats for terrain.

Publication

Coverage extension and balancing the transmitted power of the moving relay node at LTE-A cellular network

( 2014)

Jaafar A. Aldhaibani

;

Abid Yahya

;

R. Badlishah, Ahmad

The poor capacity at cell boundaries is not enough to meet the growing demand and stringent design which required high capacity and throughput irrespective of user’s location in the cellular network. In this paper, we propose new schemes for an optimum fixed relay node (RN) placement in LTE-A cellular network to enhance throughput and coverage extension at cell edge region. The proposed approach mitigates interferences between all nodes and ensures optimum utilization with the optimization of transmitted power. Moreover, we proposed a new algorithm to balance the transmitted power of moving relay node (MR) over cell size and providing required SNR and throughput at the users inside vehicle along with reducing the transmitted power consumption by MR. The numerical analysis along with the simulation results indicates that an improvement in capacity for users is 40% increment at downlink transmission from cell capacity. Furthermore, the results revealed that there is saving nearly 75% from transmitted power in MR after using proposed balancing algorithm. ATDI simulator was used to verify the numerical results, which deals with real digital cartographic and standard formats for terrain.

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Publication

Cross-Talk in mechanomyographic signals from the forearm muscles during sub-maximal to maximal isometric grip force

( 2014)

Md. Anamul Islam

;

Kenneth Sundaraj

;

R. Badlishah, Ahmad

;

Sebastian Sundaraj

;

Nizam Uddin Ahamed

;

Md. Asraf Ali

This study aimed: i) to examine the relationship between the magnitude of cross-talk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles with the sub-maximal to maximal isometric grip force, and with the anthropometric parameters of the forearm, and ii) to quantify the distribution of the cross-talk in the MMG signal to determine if it appears due to the signal component of intramuscular pressure waves produced by the muscle fibers geometrical changes or due to the limb tremor. METHODS: Twenty, right-handed healthy men (mean ± SD: age = 26.7±3.83 y; height = 174.47±6.3 cm; mass = 72.79±14.36 kg) performed isometric muscle actions in 20% increment from 20% to 100% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). During each muscle action, MMG signals generated by each muscle were detected using three separate accelerometers. The peak cross-correlations were used to quantify the cross-talk between two muscles. RESULTS: The magnitude of cross-talk in the MMG signals among the muscle groups ranged from, R2(x, y) = 2.45-62.28%. Linear regression analysis showed that the magnitude of cross-talk increased linearly (r2 = 0.857-0.90) with the levels of grip force for all the muscle groups. The amount of cross-talk showed weak positive and negative correlations (r2 = 0.016-0.216) with the circumference and length of the forearm respectively, between the muscles at 100% MVIC. The cross-talk values significantly differed among the MMG signals due to: limb tremor (MMGTF), slow firing motor unit fibers (MMGSF) and fast firing motor unit fibers (MMGFF) between the muscles at 100% MVIC (p<0.05, η2 = 0.47-0.80). SIGNIFICANCE: The results of this study may be used to improve our understanding of the mechanics of the forearm muscles during different levels of the grip force.

Publication

Cross-Talk in Mechanomyographic Signals from the Forearm Muscles during Sub-Maximal to Maximal Isometric Grip Force

( 2014)

Md. Anamul Islam

;

Kenneth Sundaraj

;

R Badlishah Ahmad

;

Sebastian Sundaraj

;

Nizam Uddin Ahamed

;

Md. Asraf Ali

Purpose This study aimed: i) to examine the relationship between the magnitude of cross-talk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles with the sub-maximal to maximal isometric grip force, and with the anthropometric parameters of the forearm, and ii) to quantify the distribution of the cross-talk in the MMG signal to determine if it appears due to the signal component of intramuscular pressure waves produced by the muscle fibers geometrical changes or due to the limb tremor. Methods Twenty, right-handed healthy men (mean ± SD: age = 26.7±3.83 y; height = 174.47±6.3 cm; mass = 72.79±14.36 kg) performed isometric muscle actions in 20% increment from 20% to 100% of the maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). During each muscle action, MMG signals generated by each muscle were detected using three separate accelerometers. The peak cross-correlations were used to quantify the cross-talk between two muscles. Results The magnitude of cross-talk in the MMG signals among the muscle groups ranged from, R2(x, y) = 2.45-62.28%. Linear regression analysis showed that the magnitude of cross-talk increased linearly (r2 = 0.857-0.90) with the levels of grip force for all the muscle groups. The amount of cross-talk showed weak positive and negative correlations (r2 = 0.016-0.216) with the circumference and length of the forearm respectively, between the muscles at 100% MVIC. The cross-talk values significantly differed among the MMG signals due to: limb tremor (MMGTF), slow firing motor unit fibers (MMGSF) and fast firing motor unit fibers (MMGFF) between the muscles at 100% MVIC (p<0.05, η2 = 0.47-0.80). Significance The results of this study may be used to improve our understanding of the mechanics of the forearm muscles during different levels of the grip force.

Publication

Deployable Linear-to-Circular Polarizer Using PDMS Based on Unloaded and Loaded Circular FSS Arrays for Pico-Satellites

( 2019)

Hidayath Mirza

;

Toufiq Md Hossain

;

Ping Jack Soh

;

Mohd Faizal Jamlos

;

Muhammad Nazrin Ramli

;

Azremi Abdullah Al-Hadi

;

Emad S. Hassan

;

Sen Yan

In this paper, flexible and deployable double-sided linear-to-circular polarizers designed on polydimethylsiloxane are proposed for the first time to the best of our knowledge. ShieldIt textile is used as the conducting element of the two designs based on two different unit cell arrays: a loaded circular patch unit cell or an unloaded circular patch unit cell, both backed by a generic rectangular element on its reverse side. This is in contrast to conventional frequency-selective structure-based linear-to-circular polarizers implemented using rigid substrates, which are multi-layered and requires inter-layer physical spacing. This complicates their implementation using flexible substrates and in a deployable format. Upon implementation of this double-sided polarizer, their final performances are evaluated in terms of the phase difference, conversion efficiency, 3-dB axial ratio (AR), and ellipticity bandwidth (from 40° to 45°). Measurements indicated good agreements with simulations, and both structures exhibited more than 90% of conversion efficiency from 2.34 to 3 GHz (for the loaded circular unit cell) and from 2.36 to 3 GHz (for the unloaded circular unit cell). In terms of ellipticity, a bandwidth of 8.67% is observed for the unloaded design and 13.82% for the loaded design. The unloaded structure exhibited a fractional 3-dB AR bandwidth of 36.36% (from 1.98 to 2.86 GHz) in simulations, and 32.64 % (from 2.00 to 2.78 GHz) when evaluated experimentally. Conversely, the loaded design showed only 12.58%. An equivalent circuit model is proposed and validated via a comparison between the circuit and full-wave simulations. Finally, the performances of these polarizers are also assessed under different bending conditions due to the use of flexible materials, prior to the proposal of a suitable deployment mechanism.

Publication

Design and analysis of wideband ladder-type film bulk acoustic wave resonator filters in Ku-Band

( 2013-06)

Nurul Izza Mohd Nor

;

Kriang Shah

;

Jugdutt Singh

;

Zaliman Sauli

This paper presents the design of ladder-type filters based on film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) in Ku-band. The proposed FBAR filter has an insertion loss of −3 dB, out-of-band rejection of −12 dB and 3 dB bandwidth of 1.0 GHz from 15 GHz to 16 GHz. Based on the characteristics of the FBAR filter, the expected characteristics of FBAR resonators are determined by using the 1D numerical analysis. This design proves that it is possible to design a wide-bandwidth FBAR filter in Ku-band.

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Publication

Determination of drying kinetics and sorption isotherm of black pepper (Piper Nigrum)

( 2017)

Flordeliza C. De Vera

;

Vanessa Bernadette B. Atienza

;

Jomicah B. Capili

;

Zaliman Sauli

;

Mohamad Halim Abd. Wahid

In the present study of food products, determination of the drying characteristics of black pepper using an oven is not yet completely established. This study aimed to determine the drying kinetics and sorption isotherm of black pepper using a convective oven at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. The data gathered in this study were used to fit in selected mathematical models for drying kinetics and sorption isotherm. Among these models, the Midilli model (MR=0.5338exp(0.7273t-0.0551)+-0.0005t for 30°C, MR=0.5814exp(0.6293t-0.0764)+ -0.0008t for 40°C and MR=0.3187exp(1.1777t-0.0466)+ -0.0011t for 50°C) was the best fit to explain the moisture transfer in black pepper, while the GAB Model (m/0.1302=((0.1906)( 0.7811)aw)/(1-(0.7811)aw)[1-(0.7811)aw+(0.1906)( 0.7811)aw])) was for the equilibrium moisture content and water activity relationship. After evaluating the data, the drying characteristics of black pepper at 40°C yielded better results than 30°C and 50°C. XLSTAT and ANOVA Add-in of Microsoft Excel was the software used to compute for the necessary values in the assessment of the mathematical models for this study.

Publication

Development of an automated intelligent diagnostic system for tuberculosis detection based on sputum specimen

( 2014)

Rafikha Aliana A Raof

Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease. TB diagnosis is usually done manually by microbiologist through microscopic examination of sputum specimen of TB patients for pulmonary TB diseases. However, this practice is time consuming and labour-intensive. Hence, it results in fatigue and work overload to the microbiologists, thus reduces the diagnostic performance. This research involved in the development of automated intelligent diagnosis system for tuberculosis detection based on Ziehl-Neelsen sputum specimen. The system developed is also equipped with automatic capturing system for capturing sputum slide images automatically using 40X lens. Besides that, this study also suggested the combination of image processing technique with artificial neural network in creating a new procedure for diagnosing process of Ziehl-Neelsen sputum specimen. Image enhancement technique based on white balance and partial contrast method has been proposed. A new procedure for segmentation technique was also proposed based on the combination of kmeans clustering, 3 × 3 median filter and automated seed based region growing algorithm. The study also includes feature extraction where features such as size, colour and shape were chosen in classifying TB bacilli with the aid of artificial neural network. This research proposed to use HMLP network with MRPE algorithm for detection and classification of TB bacilli. The system is supposed to reduce the problems arise during the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease such as avoidance of eye fatigue to the microbiologist due to observing through the microscope eyepiece for a long period of time. It has been shown that the classification for sputum slide specimen for TB diagnosis produces good results with classification accuracy of more than 94%. These findings suggest the potential use of this software in diagnosing pulmonary TB disease. The conducted research has provided the platform for automated intelligent system to diagnose tuberculosis disease.

Publication

Development of multiband fractal planar inverted F antenna (F-PIFA) for mobile applications

( 2009)

Saidatul Norlyana Azemi

In the past few years, demand in unification of wireless hardware has propelled new development of antenna. With the advances on antenna technology, it becomes attractive to enhance the capabilities of antenna in many areas such as mobile communication and wireless application. The requirements of ubiquitous antenna are small in size, simple, robust, have a shielding mechanism, multisystem and wide bandwidth. The reason is, currently, there are five bands that are assigned for world mobile services. Due to the aforementioned issues, a novel Fractal planar inverted F antenna (F-PIFA) based on the self affinity design is presented in this research. This research is conducted in order to develop an antenna with low cost, small in size, high performance, and capable to operate at multiple frequency bands. The F-PIFA development processes include specification definition, selection of the dielectric material and construction of prototype using CST software tools. In conducting this research, the production of prototypes is divided into three stages. The first stage is to develop three different iteration of F-PIFA and to evaluate its performance. The second stage is to fabricate, measure the antenna performance as well as the SAR value. Finally, the design is investigated and improved for future works. This research has successfully produced an antenna with good efficiency without degrading bandwidth and gain of the F-PIFA. The antenna has a total dimension of 27mm x 27mm is designed and optimized in order to receive GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication) and UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunication System) and HiperLAN (HigH Performance Radio LAN) with the frequency range from 850-960 MHz, 1900 MHz to 2100 MHz, 1885 to 2200 MHz for 3G and 4800 MHz to 5800 MHz for HiperLAN respectively. This omni-directional antenna invented here have 65-90% efficiency with peak gain value that is 3.57 dB, and be able to produce less than 2W/kg SAR value.

Publication

Development of new spectral amplitude coding OCDMA code by using polarization encoding technique

( 2023)

Syed Mohammad Ammar

;

Norshamsuri Ali @ Hasim

;

Mohamad Naufal Saad

;

Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid

;

Rosdisham Endut

;

Ahmed M. Alhassan

;

Collins Okon Edet

OCDMA is an optical access technology that has a lot of potential because it can be asynchronously accessed and provides a higher level of security. The authors presented a new DW family code, a flexible double weight (FDW) code, and a novel polarization encoding approach in this paper. The new code is applicable to both odd- and even-weighted codes. The novel polarization encoding approach may be used for numerous wavelengths that overlap. Based on analytic principles, a comparison of two widely used spectrum amplitude-coding SAC-based OCDMA codes, notably modified frequency hopping (MFH), Hadamard, and the double weight (DW) code family. The comparison was based on observing the bit error rate (BER) in each situation. The DW code has a fixed weight of two. The FDW code was introduced to reduce phase-induced intensity noise and multiple access interference (MAI) in transmission networks. FDW codes are versions of the DW code family with weights larger than two. The FDW code outperforms the Hadamard, MFH, DW, modified double weight (MDW), and enhanced double weight (EDW) algorithms. FDW has the capacity to support up to 220 concurrent users. With the new polarization encoding technology, the FDW code can travel up to 60 km at a bit rate of 2.5 Gb/s and 40 km for a 10 Gb/s bit rate.

Publication

Development Of Smart Glove With Mobile App That Helps Normal People To Self-Learn Malaysian Sign Language

( 2022-11-01)

Shaharudin W.N.Q.W.M.

;

Zabidi M.I.Z.M.

;

Abidin A.F.Z.

;

Ahmad Fariz Hasan

;

Harun M.H.

;

Azahar A.H.

;

Salam S.

Sign language was used as a means of communicating many centuries ago. Learning sign language can be problematic and confusing for ordinary people, where most of them do not have the basics of the word. This paper aims to create a smart glove, which consists of a hardware-based glove complemented by a mobile application to help regular people learn Malaysian Sign Language (MSL) themselves. This differentiates this project compares to most other literature that focuses on translating MSL. The glove uses a microcontroller such as Arduino as a processor and an accelerometer as a sensor to recognize hand gestures defined by alphabet, number, and several Malaysian Sign Language words. The hand gesture data will be sent to the mobile application via Bluetooth communication. The mobile application built using MIT App Inventor will provide suitable questions and provide feedback to the user. In the result and discussion, the accuracy of the prototype is discussed. The effectiveness of the prototype as a learning tool is not discussed in this paper as the paper tries to fit within the scope of the journal. Having said that, the potential of the prototype for further improvement and a more detailed study from the perspective of learning theory needs to be studied to gauge accurately the effectiveness of the prototype as a learning tool

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Publication

Discrete multiwavelet critical-sampling transform-based OFDM system over Rayleigh fading channels

( 2015)

Sameer A. Dawood

;

Fareeq Malek

;

Anuar Mat Safar

;

Suha Q. Hadi

Discrete multiwavelet critical-sampling transform (DMWCST) has been proposed instead of fast Fourier transform (FFT) in the realization of the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system. The proposed structure further reduces the level of interference and improves the bandwidth efficiency through the elimination of the cyclic prefix due to the good orthogonality and time-frequency localization properties of the multiwavelet transform. The proposed system was simulated using MATLAB to allow various parameters of the system to be varied and tested. The performance of DMWCST-based OFDM (DMWCST-OFDM) was compared with that of the discrete wavelet transform-based OFDM (DWT-OFDM) and the traditional FFT-based OFDM (FFT-OFDM) over flat fading and frequency-selective fading channels. Results obtained indicate that the performance of the proposed DMWCST-OFDM system achieves significant improvement compared to those of DWT-OFDM and FFT-OFDM systems. DMWCST improves the performance of the OFDM system by a factor of 1.5–2.5 dB and 13–15.5 dB compared with the DWT and FFT, respectively. Therefore the proposed system offers higher data rate in wireless mobile communications.

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Publication

e-PADI: an iot-based paddy productivity monitoring and advisory system

( 2019)

M.A.F. Ismail

;

Mohd Nazrin Md Isa

;

S. N. Mohyar

;

Muhammad Imran Ahmad

;

M. N. M. Ismail

;

Rizalafande Che Ismail

;

A. Harun

;

Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad

Rice is source of food calories and protein. This second most widely grown cereal crop is the staple food for more than half the world’s population especially in developing countries. The ability of global rice production to meet population demands (now estimated at more than 5 billion and projected to rise to 8.9 billion by 2050) remains in uncertainty in the near future unless challenges in rice production are properly addressed [1-3]. This paper proposed an IoT (Internet of things)-based paddy productivity monitoring and advisory system Using Dash7 Wireless Network Protocol. All collected data will be stored in a database management system to enable users to retrieve data either from tablets, smartphones or computers. The heart of the system is the ATmega328p microcontroller that will control the payload of the wireless network of dash7 and read data from sensor nodes. Results show all data from sensor nodes in representation of graph for analysis purpose.

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