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PublicationComplexity measures of electric screening effect in interstellar medium(Elsevier, 2024)Using the screening potential, we explore probability density properties in interstellar mediums (ISM) in information theory. With the eigenfunctions obtained for the screening potential using the Schrodinger equation, we studied the probability distribution for Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and their complexity measures for the values of n and l. From our numerical result, for Shannon entropy, we observed a more localized probability distribution in position and a decreasing localization in the momentum space as the values of n and l increases. For Fisher information, localization increases in the position space and, consequently, delocalization in their momentum spaces. The uncertainty relations of Shannon entropy and Fisher information were computed and satisfied the relations. For interstellar mediums, our findings align with Heinsberg's uncertainty principle. Complexity measure was also studied for the interstellar mediums and our findings showed increasing disorder in the position space for increasing values of n and l. Furthermore, we extended the Debye-Hückel length to other regimes particularly, Magnetosphere (D=102) and Intergalactic Mediums (D=105)
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PublicationA review of fabrication and applications of confined microchannels for cell migration assay(Springer, 2024-05)Cell migration is an essential process in a number of physiological and pathological events, and known to be modulated by external microenvironment because cells may sense physical and chemical signals from the microenvironment and collectively respond to these signals. Over the past two decades, a lot of efforts have been made to study how external microenvironment can affect cell migration behaviors. Cells often migrate through confined environments in vivo, such as extracellular matrices in tissues and capillary vessels. Understanding how cells move in these constrained spaces is crucial to clarify various biological processes. For instance, during embryonic development, cells migrate through specific pathways to form tissues and organs. In wound healing, cells migrate to repair damaged tissues. In cancer, tumour cells migrate to invade surrounding tissues and metastasize to distant sites. Recent advances of bio-MEMS technologies have enabled to characterize cell mechanics and to control local cellular environment at micro-scale. In order to study cell migration under confinement, microchannels have been widely fabricated and used due to their directionality and compatibility. Thus, this study reviews recent work on fabrication of microchannels and their applications to investigate cell migration behaviors, ranging from straight channels to tortuous structures. Challenges and limitations associated with studying cell migration in microchannels are also discussed. Reviewing cell migration in confined environments may provide valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of cell migration and aid in developing strategies for therapeutic interventions.
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PublicationDetection of breast tumour depth using felt substrate textile antenna(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2024)Breast cancer is a frightening type of cancer for women globally, including in Indonesia. Early detection of cancer symptoms is crucial to reducing mortality rates. Microwave imaging systems using the ultra-wideband (UWB) can detect objects, particularly in medical diagnosis. The textile antenna is the latest development in antenna technology that can be used on the human body. This antenna can be bent and adjusted to the body's complex shape. This research proposed a textile antenna using the felt dielectric substrate material operating at 3.8 GHz. The simulation results showed a return loss value of -47.5138 dB and a bandwidth of 1.4 GHz. The antenna was also tested on a breast phantom with a tumour scenario, showing higher amplitude in the quadrant with the tumour. The fabrication was done manually through laser cutting and heat-assisted bonding. The antenna made of the felt substrate material could detect breast tumours’ multiple depths or layers using the graphical user interface (GUI) programming.
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PublicationFour-port dual-band textile MIMO antenna for biomedical health monitoring systems: on-body mutual coupling reduction characterization(IOP Publishing, 2024)The paper outlines a methodology to diminish mutual coupling in 4-port dual-band MIMO textile antenna for biomedical applications. This antenna leverages MIMO technology and Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) for operation in two distinct frequency bands at (3.5 & 2.45 GHz). The antenna is made up of four octagonal patch antennas, each having a bar and a split-ring (SR) slot with 47.2 × 31 mm2 dimensions for each patch. A hybrid mutual coupling (MC) approach was investigated with closely spaced patches (up to 0.05λ). Various bending setups have been selected along with flat case to examine the antennas’ resilience which demonstrate such agreement between measured and simulated findings. Furthermore, the MC is only −20 dB, the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is 0.001, and maximum peak measured gain of 5.2 dBi is achieved with lowest peak specific absorption rate (SAR) value. Even when bent at a 60° angle along with y-axis and x-axis, the antenna retains a decent gain of 1.861 dBi in the low frequency region and 5.479 dBi at high frequency band. Surprisingly, the antenna outperforms the attenuation produced by the lossy effects of the human body, indicating a favorable alignment between the modelled and observed findings.
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PublicationA comprehensive review of tubule formation in histopathology images: advancement in tubule and tumor detection techniques(Springer, 2024-09-11)Breast cancer, the earliest documented cancer in history, stands as a foremost cause of mortality, accounting for 684,996 deaths globally in 2020 (15.5% of all female cancer cases). Irrespective of socioeconomic factors, geographic locations, race, or ethnicity, breast cancer ranks as the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women. The standard grading for breast cancer utilizes the Nottingham Histopathology Grading (NHG) system, which considers three crucial features: mitotic counts, nuclear pleomorphism, and tubule formation. Comprehensive reviews on features, for example, mitotic count and nuclear pleomorphism have been available thus far. Nevertheless, a thorough investigation specifically focusing on tubule formation aligned with the NHG system is currently lacking. Motivated by this gap, the present study aims to unravel tubule formation in histopathology images via a comprehensive review of detection approaches involving tubule and tumor features. Without temporal constraints, a structured methodology is established in line with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, resulting in 12 articles for tubule detection and 67 included articles for tumor detection. Despite the primary focus on breast cancer, the structured search string extends beyond this domain to encompass any cancer type utilizing histopathology images as input, focusing on tubule and tumor detection. This broadened scope is essential. Insights from approaches in tubule and tumor detection for various cancers can be assimilated, integrated, and contributed to an enhanced understanding of tubule formation in breast histopathology images. This study compiles evidence-based analyses into a cohesive document, offering comprehensive information to a diverse audience, including newcomers, experienced researchers, and stakeholders interested in the subject matter.