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PublicationThe influence of laser cutting parameters on the heat-affected zone in fast-growing Malaysian wood species(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-02)Wood is a naturally occurring renewable resource widely used in various industries, including in construction, packaging, furniture, and paneling. In Malaysia, 80% of furniture products are made from wood, making it a crucial material in this sector. Laser cutting is an advanced machining technique that enhances precision and minimizes material waste, yet its thermal effects, particularly the heat-affected zone (HAZ), remain a challenge. This study investigates how laser cutting parameters—including the laser power, traverse speed, and focus position—affect HAZ formation in two fast-growing Malaysian wood species, Acacia mangium and Azadirachta excelsa. This research seeks to determine the optimal laser settings that minimize HAZ dimensions while maintaining cutting precision. A diode laser cutting system was used to analyze the effects of three laser power levels (800, 1500, and 2400 mW), three traverse speeds (2, 5, and 10 mm/s), and three focus positions (on-focus, +0.2 mm, and −0.2 mm). We employed statistical analysis, including a two-way ANOVA, to assess the significance of these parameters and their interactions (p < 0.001). The results indicate that a higher laser power and slower speeds significantly increase the HAZ’s width and depth, with Azadirachta excelsa exhibiting a greater HAZ width but shallower penetration compared to Acacia mangium. A slight above-focus position (+0.2 mm) reduces the HAZ’s width, whereas a below-focus position (−0.2 mm) increases the HAZ’s depth. The optimal parameters for minimizing HAZ dimensions while ensuring efficient cutting were identified as a 1500 mW laser power, a 10 mm/s traverse speed, and an on-focus position (0 mm). This study provides practical insights into laser parameter optimization for tropical wood species, contributing to improved precision in laser machining and sustainable wood processing practices. These findings support industries in adopting advanced, high-quality laser cutting techniques tailored to fast-growing wood resources.
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PublicationComputer-aided efficient routing and reliable protocol optimization for autonomous vehicle communication networks(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2025-01)The rise of autonomous vehicles necessitates advanced communication networks for effective data exchange. The routing protocols Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) and Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) are vital in mobile networks (MANETs) and vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). However, their performance is affected by changing network conditions. This study examines key routing parameters—MaxJitter, Hello/Beacon Interval, and route validity time—and their impact on AODV and GPSR performance in urban and highway scenarios. The simulation results reveal that increasing MaxJitter enhances AODV throughput by 12% in cities but decreases it by 8% on highways, while GPSR throughput declines by 15% in cities and 10% on highways. Longer Hello intervals improve AODV performance by 10% in urban settings but reduce it by 6% on highways. Extending route validity time increases GPSR’s Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by 10% in cities, underscoring the need to optimize routing parameters for enhanced VANET performance.
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PublicationIoT based earthquake detection system(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2025-09)This paper proposes an IoT based Earthquake Detection System for the early warning and quick detection of the earthquake. Earthquakes are one of the rare natural disasters in Malaysia but when the earthquake happened, it could damage infrastructure and cause deaths. This system is aimed to monitor the earthquake levels and warn people about earthquake dangers. To detect the vibration on the ground surface, an accelerometer has been connected to the microcontroller Arduino Uno R3. Then NRF24L01 transceiver module has been used to connect between the transmitter and receiver part. In order to receive the notifications about the earthquake, the ESP8266 Wi-Fi module is linked to the Blynk App. This proposed system is very user-friendly and economical, making it favourable to be used in the earthquake zones.
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PublicationAugmented reality application in healthcare: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2025-11)The use of Augmented Reality (AR) in Industry 4.0 is entirely in line with the principles of the fourth industrial revolution. This technology maximizes human perceptual experience and allows us to interact with information. Therefore, this research takes the opportunity to develop an AR application in healthcare that is related to Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). The purpose of using AR technology in disseminating CAD related information is that AR can attract the public attention as it is an interesting and sophisticated technology today. The scope of this research focuses on the human heart and aims to educate the public about CAD. Every stratum of society can use this application to get an overview of the human heart and they can also know the symptoms of having CAD. By using this AR technology, it can provide information in an engaging way and improve the user experience. The main objective is to study and develop marker-based AR apps in making an AR application in medical. The research was conducted using several proven existing applications that can help in building good applications. This research was designed and developed as a marker-based AR application using software like Vuforia to set the image marker, Microsoft Visual Studio to set the functionality of the application and Unity3D as the software that handles everything, supported by Android SDK software. Tests and evaluations have been performed and can provide information about CAD to the public. Overall, the AR-CAD application results are successfully generated to raise public awareness related of coronary artery disease.
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PublicationDurio Zibethinus L Plantation Intelligent Web-Based Irrigation System using fuzzy logic (DuWIMS) based on IoT(Semarak Ilmu Publishing, 2025-07)In response to the challenges posed by the recent pandemic on traditional farming in Malaysia, this paper proposes DuWIMS, an innovative smart irrigation system that integrates a modern web interface with an IoT-based system. Utilizing an array of sensors for real-time data collection, the system enhances irrigation efficiency through a dual-mode operation: manual remote control and automated irrigation via a fuzzy logic model. This system, tested on a durian farm in Kedah, Malaysia, significantly reduced irrigation time from two hours to approximately 50 minutes for 65 trees and decreased water usage by about 25%. Furthermore, durian trees irrigated with this system exhibited improved growth compared to those under traditional irrigation methods. Operational efficiency was bolstered with remote irrigation control and reliable performance, as evidenced by no system downtime over a three-month period. The deployment of the fuzzy logic model on a cloud server, serving as a backend API, also proved cost-effective by negating the need for on-site computing units. These findings underscore the potential of DuWIMS to revolutionize agricultural practices, particularly in challenging times, by optimizing resource usage and promoting sustainable farming.