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Publication

Preliminary screening oxidative degradation methyl orange using ozone/ persulfate

( 2018)

Nur Aqilah Razali

;

Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin

;

Ong Soon An

;

Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan

;

Abdul Haqi Ibrahim

;

Siti Nasuha Sabri

;

Su Huan Kow

The present study focusing on the performances of advanced oxidation process by using ozonation method towards Methyl Orange based on the efficiency of colour removal and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) removal. Factorial design with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to evaluate the interaction between operational conditions, such as pH, initial concentration, contact time and persulfate dosage to obtain the optimum range conditions using a semi-batch reactor. The range of independent variables investigated were pH (3-11), initial concentration (100-500mg/L), contact time (10-50min) and persulfate dosage (20-100mM) while the response variables were colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange. The experimental results and statistical analysis showed all the parameters were significant. Thus, from this findings, optimization of operational conditions that had been suggested from the ozone/persulfate RSM analysis were (pH 3, 100 mg/L, 50min, 60mM) that would be produced 99% Colour Removal and 80% COD Removal and help in promoting an efficient ozonation process. The effect list data that showed the most contributed effects to increase the percentages of colour removal were pH and persulfate dosage whereas the contact time and initial concentration had the highest positive effects on the COD removal. Other than that, the interaction between pH, contact time and persulfate dosage were found to be the most influencing interaction. Therefore the least influencing interaction was interaction between persulfate dosage and pH. In this study, the correlation coefficient value R2 for colour removal and COD removal of Methyl Orange were R2= 0.9976 and R2= 0.9924 which suggested a good fit of the first-order regression model with the experimental data.

Publication

Study of O3/S2O82- Advanced Oxidation Processes (AOPs) for removal of dye industrial effluents

( 2019)

Che Zulzikrami Azner Abidin

;

Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan

;

Ong Soon An

;

Abdul Haqi Ibrahim

;

Sabri Siti Nasuha

;

Razali Nur Aqilah

This research was carried out to study the efficiency of O3/S2O82- system in removal of Reactive Red 120 (RR120) dye sample. Different operating parameter such as pH, initial dye concentration and persulfate dosage were studied to evaluate the performance on removing colour and COD. The removal of colour and COD achieved higher efficiency at pH 7, 100 mg/L of initial dye concentration and persulfate dosage of 5 g S2O82-/1 g RR120. O3/S2O82- with the most effective conditions experienced effective decolourization and degradation of organic pollutants than O3 only. Furthermore, it achieved faster breakdown of azo bond and aromatic groups than O3 after treatment as observed with UV-Vis absorption spectra. The FT-IR analysis obtained new absorption peak that represents alkenes after 20 min of O3 treatment whereas mostly of the absorption bands of O3/S2O82- flattened.

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Publication

The influence of Sodium Hydroxide concentration on physical properties and strength development of high calcium fly ash based geopolymer as pavement base materials

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Liyana Ahmad Sofri

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan

;

Yue Yuan H.

This paper deals with the development of high calcium fly ash based geopolymers. Geopolymer paste was prepared from fly ash alkaline activator solutions using various mix design including molarity of sodium hydroxide used (6-14M) with solid-to-liquid ratio (1.0-3.0) and the sample were curing at ambient temperature. In this paper, flow value, setting time and unconfined compressive strength of high calcium fly ash based geopolymer paste was carried out using flow table equipment, Vicat’s apparatus and compression testing machine to measure the properties caused by high calcium fly ash. It was found that solid to liquid ratio of 2.0 and NaOH molarity of 12M was the best mix design to be applied due to its maximum unconfined compressive strength achieved (up to 19MPa at 28 days) as well as its flow ability of the fresh paste which shown better result compared to other mix designs. High calcium was also found to result in higher strength.

Publication

The effect of epoxy resin compatibilizer on Polypropylene (PP) / Recycled Acrylonitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBRr) / Banana Skin Powder (BSP) composites

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Gomesh Nair

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Mustaffa Zainal

Epoxy resin (EP) was use as a compatibilizer on the properties of polypropylene(PP)/recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (NBRr)/banana skin powder (BSP) composites to determine the characterization of composites with and without compatibilization. The objective of this research was to study the mechanical properties and thermal properties of PP/NBRr/BSP composites with and without epoxy resin compatibilizer. The composites were melt using heated two roll mill at 1800C and speed of 15 rpm with 5 different composition (100/0/10, 80/20/10, 70/30/10, 60/40/10 and 40/60/10 weight %). The effects of epoxy resin on mechanical properties and morphological properties were investigated. The results showed that the incorporation of epoxy resin (EP) has improved the tensile properties of PP/NBRr/BSP-EP composite compared with uncompatibilized composite. The Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) study of tensile fracture surfaces of the composite indicates improved adhesion of banana skin (BSP) filler with PP/NBRr/BSP matrices in the presence of epoxy resin.

Publication

Home composting method for the treatment technologies of food waste: a review

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Noor Amira Sarani

;

Aeslina Abdul Kadir

;

Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem Hassan

;

Nur Jannah Abdul Hamid

;

Nurul Nabila Huda Hashar

;

Azini Amiza Hashim

;

Nur Fatin Nabila Hissham

;

Ng Jes Sie

;

Irnis Azura Zakaria

The increase in environmental pollution is largely reflected by industrial activities, urbanization and population development. Due to these activities, it has produced millions of tons of food waste every day. Food waste has become a serious problem in the world as most countries are also concerned about the challenge of managing food waste. Studies suggested that composting is a better method to control and reduce the amount of food waste as it is easy to apply and can be harvested in a short period. Composting also ensures a promising return in prolonging the life span of landfills, as well as reduces the leakage of leachate into groundwater.

Publication

Chemical and fibre properties by Lemon Grass in chemical pulping for pulp industry

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Halizah Awang

;

Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta

;

Mohd Arif Rosli

;

Amir Detho

Malaysia has a high rate of depleting forest activities than any other tropical countries in the world. This lead to an increasing of pollution and loss of forest trees include animal to our nature. Lemon grasses as a substitute material from non-wood material had been choose for pulp and papermaking industry. This study was going through the chemical composition analysis and fibre properties for lemon grass pulp. These conclude that lemon grass had a high percentage of cellulose; with a low lignin content; good fibre length by TAPPI method. Thus, lemon grass has a potential to be alternative material for becoming waste-wealth product especially for Malaysia’s pulp and papermaking industry.

Publication

Electrical performance based on the thickness of electrode using anatase TiO₂ dye sensitized solar cell

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Nair Gomesh

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Syafinar Ramli

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

Solar cell research is an ongoing process to obtain a trade-off between the efficiency to price ratio. In the process to obtain high efficiency at lower cost, the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) emerge as the potential candidate. There have been many calls for an alternative method to a solar cell production compared to the current Si-solar cell production. This paper briefly discusses the comparison of using Anatase based titanium dioxide (A-TiO₂) at different thickness to the electrical performance of the DSSC. The Dr. Blade method was employed to the fabrication of the DSSC with a reference dyes and platinum deposition technique which acts as a counter electrode. Overall result shows that the 10µm thickness displays improved performance in the solar cell efficiency as compared to other electrode thickness fabricated and tested. The factors that improves the electrical performance based on the electrode thickness have been discussed in the paper.

Publication

General framework for ecosystem assessment for measures to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Coman Valentina

;

Voicu Madalina

;

Laslo Lucian

;

Rotaru Anda

;

Matei Monica

;

Bara Norbert

;

Enache Natalia

;

Boboc Madalina

;

Deak György

;

Tanciu Silvius

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

The effects of climate change are becoming more intense in the last decades. Moreover, according to many official reports, climate changes are directly affecting ecosystems and their services. To assess the impact of climate change on ecosystems, various methods are being used in order to identify changes and interactions with other pressures such as degradation or fragmentation. Adaptation and mitigation measures on the effects of climate change generally include land use changes and land use practices. In order to assess the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation measures, the services provided by ecosystems and their status are monitored. The paper presents the general framework for evaluating adaptation and mitigation measures and it is based on research from reference works that generally recommend how to evaluate adaptation and mitigation measures. A local adaptation of the mitigation and adaptation framework is presented, by identifying methods for assessing state indicators and ecosystem services. Depending on the availability and accuracy of the data, are proposed methods structured on different levels of detail such as: statistical data, field measurements, modeling software. The application of the proposed methods was verified in a case study: Divici Pojejena wetland, for which detailed methods of assessing the state and services of ecosystems were used.

Publication

Identification of Paracoccus Solventivorans sp. as sulphate oxidizing bacteria isolated from palm oil sludge

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Nastaein Qamaruz Zaman

;

Nuraiffa Syazwi Adzami

;

Fatin Farhana Kamarzaman

The emission of hydrogen sulphide (H₂S) from industrial processes causesodour nuisance to the surrounding community. Thus, the ability of sulphur oxidizing bacteria could eliminate H₂S by changing it into non-odorous elemental sulphur or sulphate. In this study, the isolate bacteria of Paracoccus solventivorans ATCC 700252 demonstrated pH reduction from pH 8 to about pH 5.27 with sulphate content production of454.0 g/ml. The growth of Paracoccus sp. was increased using sulphur as elemental carbon and oxygen as electron acceptor. The optimum temperature and pH of Paracoccus sp. were in the range of 30°C to 40°C and pH 7.00 to pH 8.00, respectively. The utilization of Paracoccus sp. will create a potential application for H₂S removal and preserve the environment from further odour pollution.

Publication

Effect of additives on the ash element from combustion of palm fiber and shell

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

J Nor Ruwaida

;

M Dewika

;

S Shahidana

;

M Rashid

;

Abd Halim Md Ali

;

M P Khairunnisa

;

M R Ammar

;

Zahiruddin S.

;

Sara Yasina Yusuf

Palm fibre and shell (F&S) are commonly used in the combustion process to produce steam and electricity in palm oil mills in Malaysia. Unfortunately, the combustion process releases various types of elements that tends to react with each other contributing to operational and environmental issues. Thus, this motivated, a study to evaluate the concentration of the elements such as C, O, Si, K, and Al in the ash with the presence of two combustion additive which are Kaolin and PreKotTM. The study was performed by simulating the industrial combustion in a laboratory-scale fluidised-bed reactor with addition of the additives at 8% ratio from the 40 g total weight of each sample at 800°C with the supply of 50% excess air at 1.24 L/min air flow. The ash residue were investigated for elemental composition on the ash surface. Interestingly, the study showed that the concentration of the element on the ash surface increased with the addition of additives especially at a 50% ratio of Kaolin and PreKotTM. The higher concentration of the element on the ash surface indicates the reduction of fine particulate. Hence, the study revealed that addition of Kaolin & PrekotTM in combustion process has a promising future not only within palm oil industry but also other industry.

Publication

Assessment of antibiotics from natural water resources and the potential ecological risk associated with their presence in aquatic ecosystems for developing advanced technologies for removal of antibiotic

(AIP Publishing, 2020)

Mihaela Ilie

;

György Deák

;

Florica Marinescu

;

Gina Ghita

;

Carmen Tociu

;

Marius Raischi

;

Gabriel Cornățeanu

;

Mădălina Boboc

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

Aquatic ecosystems provide many services for society including water for drinking, irrigation, and recreational activities. Emergent contaminants such as antibiotics that are present mainly in urban wastewater have a substantial impact on environment and human health, such as: Potential genotoxic effects, disruption of aquatic ecosystems and development of antibiotic resistance. The main objective of this paper is to develop an advanced analytical method for identifying emergent pollutants within the antibiotic category by using high performance SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS techniques from different aqueous matrices, in order to develop technologies to remove them from wastewater. The ecological risk index (RI) associated with the presence of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems was also calculated for potential ecological risk assessment, using the ratio between the measured concentration (MC) of antibiotics detected in surface water and predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values.

Publication

Underground air quality monitoring in subway stations in Bucharest city

(AIP Publishing, 2020)

Deák György

;

S. N. Raischi

;

E. C. Pană

;

Ș. A Zamfir

;

M. C. Raischi

;

L. Lumânăroiu

;

C. Sîrbu

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

As a result of the urban development in the cities, the underground transport has become a priority transit route used by the population, due to the fact that it is a faster route and also due to the need to reduce the road traffic from the surface in order to improve the quality of the air (especially degraded from traffic emissions). Given the large flow of passengers, especially during peak hours, studying the quality of ambient air in underground spaces has become a necessity. Therefore, this paper presents the results of the particulate matter (PM10) measurements, in 4 subway stations in Bucharest, selected according to the flow of people passing through the areas, choosing 2 stations with low flow and 2 very congested (which are intersection railway nodes). Also, in order to identify the influence of the atmospheric air quality on the underground air and the most vulnerable areas prone to lower air quality status, the results of the air pollutant dispersion scenarios realized with the Breeze AERMO software were taken into account. In addition to high level of PM10 concentrations (above the limit permitted by the national law for surface air quality), there were performed laboratory tests in order to identify metal concentration levels (lead, cadmium, manganese, copper and iron). Thus, it has been found that PM10 derives both from the erosion of the rails and the walls of the tunnels and also from the braking system of the subway trains. Furthermore, a connection was observed between the atmospheric air quality measured near the intake ventilation system and the quality of the underground air.

Publication

Meteorological parameters and air pollution in urban environments in the context of sustainable development

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

György Deak

;

Natalia Raischi

;

Monica Matei

;

Madalina Boboc

;

Gabriel Cornateanu

;

Marius Raischi

;

Stelian Matei

;

Sara Yasina Yusuf

In big cities, certain meteorological phenomena can affect air quality even in cases where the main sources of pollution such as traffic have low intensity. The air pollution varies greatly, depending on the emission source and the type of pollutant. In addition, the dispersion of air pollutants is influenced by weather conditions, as well as other factors such as the type of pollutant and regional and local topography. The air quality is one of the targets of the 11th goal of the UN 2030 AGENDA for sustainable development, also adopted at the national level. This study aims to correlate temperature and humidity with atmospheric pollutants, like PM₁₀. The data were obtained by continuous monitoring for a period of 9 days (5 days when precipitation was recorded and 4 days when precipitation was absent) in which the relative humidity varying between 32-104% while the concentration of PM₁₀ between 13-118 µg/m₃. The measurements on air quality parameters were performed in the central area of Bucharest city, near an important boulevard with intensive vehicle traffic and sometimes traffic jams. During daytime period, it was observed that the temperature inversion could be the cause the accumulation of high PM₁₀ levels near the road surface for some hours of the monitoring period.

Publication

Utilization of Zeolite-Feldspar as an potential adsorbent for the adsorption of COD and Ammonical Nitrogen in stabilized landfill leachate

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Zawawi Daud

;

Amir Detho

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Halizah Awang

;

Mohd Arif Rosli

;

Mohd Baharudin Ridzuan

The robust combination of landfill waste recognized as a potential source of hazards. Landfills is one relatively distinctive issue associated with leachate. Generally, zeolite is considered a known adsorbent however relatively very high in cost. Meanwhile, Feldspar is the world’s most common mineral groups which making up as much as about 60 percent of the crust of the earth. Its quality and availability makes the feldspar become relatively low price material. The mixture of feldspar-zeolite are believe to produces effective and inexpensive composite for the treatment of leachate wastewater. The batch experiment was conducted in an Erlenmeyer flask, 250 mL volume with varying the volume of composite mixture ratio and then shaking for 5 hrs with 200 rpm at pH7. The optimum mixing ratio of feldspar-zeolite is chosen 1:1. The optimum removal of COD and ammonical nitrogen is 55% and 50% respectively. The availability of low-cost materials such as feldspar in the composite has helped to minimize the cost of treatment and has helped to increase the potential capacity for adsorption.

Publication

Unconfined compressive strength of various types of pavement base material: a review

(AIP Publishing, 2020)

Liyana Ahmad Sofri

;

Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Yue Yuan H.

;

Acep Hidayat

;

Muhammad Faheem Mohd. Tahir

In the highway construction industry especially for pavement base material, cement treated material is a conventional method that had been applied. Other than that, there is various types of base can be used such as cement kiln dust, reclaimed asphalt pavement, fly ash, and mine tailings. The usage of this various material can improve the unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the base it terms of the strength. It was found that the UCS is the important properties to indicate the durability of the base. This paper summarized the material and the result of various types of base materials.

Publication

Tin and germanium substitution in lead free perovskite solar cell: current status and future trends

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Ayu Wazira Azhari

;

Faith Shi Xin Then

;

Dewi Suriyani Che Halin

;

Suhaila Sepeai

;

Norasikin Ahmad Ludin

Tin and germanium-based perovskite solar cell is gaining interest in lead-free perovskite solar cells as it is less toxic as compared to lead but possess almost all the characteristics of a perfect solar cell materials. Within 5 years, the reported efficiency of tin-based solar cells has increased from 6.4% to 9%. Although facing with stability issues as it is easily oxidised in ambient air, several studies have proven that the stability issues can be reduced. One of it is by using cesium as the 'A' cation. On the other hand, although studies on germanium-based perovskite solar cells are rarely conducted, promising results are shown when it is alloyed with tin producing narrower bandgaps and better stability owing to the protection of the GeO2 surface layer.

Publication

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Perennial wetland vegetation components from a sector of the Arges River

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Ecaterina Marcu

;

Irina-Elena Ciobotaru

;

Maria Cristina Garcia D.

;

Alexandru Anton Ivanov

;

Iasmina-Florina Burlacu

;

Naimah Ibrahim

The potential bioaccumulation of hazardous transitional heavy metals in components of the aquatic environment (such as water column, sedimentary matter, plants) constitutes one of the concerns in environmental protection engineering. This experimental investigative study used systematic measurements of the presence of selected heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) in components of the aquatic environment to give an indication of their availability and their potential bioaccumulation in the perennial wetland plants. Through environmental quality data processing, this study allowed both the assessment of interphase partitioning constants of these metals throughout the analyzed aquatic environment and the estimation of their cumulative toxicity coëfficiënt. The data analysis highlighted the different potential degrees of dangers caused by metals as pollutants and the synergistic way in which they act on the aquatic environment.

Publication

Experimental approach for chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen removal from natural rubber wastewater via adsorption by kaolin

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Zawawi Daud

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Halizah Awang

;

Nazlizan Nasir

;

Mohd Baharudin Ridzuan

;

Amir Detho

Natural rubber is an important material because of its high strength compared to synthetic rubber. However, the production process of natural rubber discharges a large amount of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic compounds and nitrogen. Therefore, discharging natural rubber processing wastewater without an appropriate treatment can lead to environmental problems such as deterioration of water quality and eutrophication. In this study, the batch adsorption experiment was carried out for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen from natural rubber wastewater using kaolin as adsorbent. The efficiency of the kaolin was studied by varying the parameters adsorbent dose, pH, shaking speed and contact time. The experimental equilibrium data for this system has been analyzed using the linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were 71.6% and 75.8%, respectively. While, Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental data.

Publication

Detection of emerging pollutants Oxytetracycline and Paracetamol and the potential aquatic ecological risk associated with their presence in surface waters of the Arges-Vedea, Buzau-Ialomita, Dobrogea-Litoral River Basins in Romania

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Mihaela Ilie

;

György Deák

;

Florica Marinescu

;

Gina Ghita

;

Carmen Tociu

;

Monica Matei

;

Cristina Ileana Covaliu

;

Marius Raischi

;

Sara Yasina Yusof

Pharmaceuticals are a major group of emerging pollutants frequently identified in surface waters. The occurrence of pharmaceuticals as environmental pollutants is a problem involving multiple aspects and continue to cause new and serious challenges to ecosystems and human health. For example, antibiotics exert a selective pressure on bacterial communities in aquatic environments, leading to the selection and increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which is a major problem in the effective treatment of bacterial infections, while for analgesics, a number of adverse effects such as accumulation in tissues and behavioral changes were observed in aquatic organisms. In this paper, the detection by UHPLC-MS/MS of two widely used pharmaceuticals was performed, oxytetracycline (antibiotic) and paracetamol (analgesic) respectively, in surface water matrix from the Arges-Vedea, Buzau-Ialomita and Dobrogea-Litoral river basins in Romania. The potential aquatic ecological risk (RQ) was also estimated by the ratio between Measured Environmental Concentration (MEC) and Predicted No-Effect Concentration (PNEC).

Publication

Heat evolution of class C fly ash geopolymers with different molarity of Sodium Hydroxide: nucleation growth and morphology properties towards early strength evaluation

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Rosnita Mohamed

;

Rafiza Abd Razak

;

Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah

;

Raa Khimi Shuib

;

Subaer

;

Ikmal Hakem Aziz

;

Liyana Ahmad Sofri

;

Romisuhani Ahmad

The heat evolved during setting of class C fly ash geopolymers with different molarity of sodium hydroxide are discussed. The reaction kinetics and microstructure properties of geopolymers are studied towards the early strength development. Differential Scanning Calorimeter was applied to determine the heat evolved and Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogrov Model was used to analyse the reaction kinetics during setting of the geopolymers. Morphology and strength development were monitored. The results revealed that the heat evolved increased proportionally with increasing molarity of sodium hydroxide. This indicated rapid reaction of geopolymerization due to the increasing of hydroxide ion content thus mainly affect dissolution process. It was also found that the geopolymerization during setting was governed by one-dimensional growth with instantaneous heterogeneous nucleation and this was supported by the morphology of the geopolymers observed. Among the activator molarities, the molarity of 12 (12M) was observed to be most influential based on its highest compressive strength (up to 46MPa at 7-days) and supported by the morphology properties results.

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