Ahmad Kadri Junoh
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Ahmad Kadri Junoh
Official Name
Ahmad Kadri, Junoh
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Junoh, Ahmad Kadri
Junoh, A. K.
Ahmad Kadri, Junoh
Junoh, A. K.
Kadri, J. Ahmad
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Scopus Author ID
38561331300
Researcher ID
FZU-4175-2022

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An emotion assessment of stroke patients by using bispectrum features of EEG Signals

2020 , Choong Wen Yean , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Murugappan Murugappan , Yuvaraj Rajamanickam , Abdul Hamid Adom , Mohammad Iqbal Omar , Bong Siao Zheng , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Shahriman Abu Bakar

Emotion assessment in stroke patients gives meaningful information to physiotherapists to identify the appropriate method for treatment. This study was aimed to classify the emotions of stroke patients by applying bispectrum features in electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. EEG signals from three groups of subjects, namely stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), right brain damage (RBD), and normal control (NC), were analyzed for six different emotional states. The estimated bispectrum mapped in the contour plots show the different appearance of nonlinearity in the EEG signals for different emotional states. Bispectrum features were extracted from the alpha (8–13) Hz, beta (13–30) Hz and gamma (30–49) Hz bands, respectively. The k-nearest neighbor (KNN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN) classifiers were used to classify the six emotions in LBD, RBD and NC. The bispectrum features showed statistical significance for all three groups. The beta frequency band was the best performing EEG frequency-sub band for emotion classification. The combination of alpha to gamma bands provides the highest classification accuracy in both KNN and PNN classifiers. Sadness emotion records the highest classification, which was 65.37% in LBD, 71.48% in RBD and 75.56% in NC groups.

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A new denoising method for removing salt & pepper noise from image

2022-01-01 , Charmouti B. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Abdurrazzaq A. , Mohd Yusoff Mashor

Digital image has a significant importance in many fields in human life such as, in medicine, photography, biology, astronomy, industry and defense. Thus, it attracts the attention of large number of researchers, among them those interested in preserving the image features from any factors that may reduce the image quality. One of these factors is the noise. Thus far, solving this noise problem remains a challenge point for the researchers in this field, a huge number of image denoising techniques have been introduced in order to remove the noise with taking care of the image features (edges, sharpness). However, besides that, the findings proved to be inconclusive yet. From this point, the current paper aims to introduce a new denoising method for removing salt & pepper noise from the digital image through spatial way. This denoising method exploits the relationship between pixel’s values when the image changes color. Which gives ordered sequences of values in the four directions, horizontal, vertical and diagonals of the window. The proposed method relays on this concept to change the corrupted pixel, by using the neighbors in the window to extracts the truest value (subjects to this sequence) of the treated pixel. This method has been proven to be simple, effective and performing well comparing with the existing restoration methods with low computational cost.

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Hurst exponent based brain behavior analysis of stroke patients using eeg signals

2021-01-01 , Choong W.Y. , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Murugappan M. , Omar M.I. , Bong S.Z. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa

The stroke patients perceive emotions differently with normal people due to emotional disturbances, the emotional impairment of the stroke patients can be effectively analyzed using the EEG signal. The EEG signal has been known as non-linear and the neuronal oscillation under different mental states can be observed by non-linear method. The non-linear analysis of different emotional states in the EEG signal was performed by using hurst exponent (HURST). In this study, the long-range temporal correlation (LRTC) was examined in the emotional EEG signal of stroke patients and normal control subjects. The estimation of the HURST was more statistically significant in normal group than the stroke groups. In this study, the statistical test on the HURST has shown a more significant different among the emotional states of normal subject compared to the stroke patients. Particularly, it was also found that the gamma frequency band in the emotional EEG has shown more statistically significant among the different emotional states.

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Fibonacci retracement pattern recognition for forecasting foreign exchange market

2020-01-01 , Mohd Fauzi Ramli , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Mahyun Ab Wahab , Wan Zuki Azman Wan Muhamad

Fibonacci retracement implicates a forecast of future movements in foreign exchange rates (forex) of the previous movement inductive analysis. Fibonacci ratios are used to forecast the retracements level of 0.382, 0.500 and 0.618 and to determine the current trend which provide the mathematical foundation for the Elliott wave theory. K-nearest neighbour (KNN) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) algorithm are the pattern recognition method for nonlinear feature mining of Elliott wave patterns. Results show that LDA is better than KNN in terms of classification accuracy data which are 99.43%. Among of three levels of Fibonacci retracement results, the 38.2% shows the best forecasting for Great Britain Pound pair to US Dollar currency as major pair by using mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and pearson correlation coefficient (r) as the statistical measurements which are 0.001884, 0.000019 and 0.992253 for uptrend and 0.001685, 0.000019 and 0.998806 for downtrend.

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Investigation of the Brain Activation Pattern of Stroke Patients and Healthy Individuals During Happiness and Sadness

2022-01-01 , Choong Wen Yean , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Murugappan M. , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Abdul Hamid Adom , Bong S.Z. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Shahriman Abu Bakar

This study aimed to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients and normal people using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals in happiness and sadness. The brain behaviors under both emotional states in the EEG signal were analyzed through signal processing methods. In this study, the EEG signals of normal control (NC) and stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD) and right brain damage (RBD) were analyzed through Hjorth parameters. The extracted Hjorth parameters showed significant differences between happiness and sadness in alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands, which implied the two emotions exhibiting different brain behavior in different EEG bands. The topographic mapping of the Hjorth parameters presented different activation patterns in the subject groups, and the higher frontal activation can be observed from the NC group for both emotions. Also, the Hjorth Mobility and Complexity parameters were lower in LBD and RBD in the frontal regions of the alpha band. The significant difference channels between the emotions were analyzed by statistical analysis using ANOVA. Moreover, the features of each subject group were used for emotion classification by the application of machine learning-based algorithm. The KNN classification results achieved an average accuracy of 92.35% for NC, 90.84% for LBD, and 95.59% for RBD in classifying happiness and sadness. The emotion classification showed that the emotional dominance frequency bands were the beta and gamma bands. However, the alpha band activity showed left frontal lateralization in the NC group, while right frontal lateralization in the LBD and RBD groups suggested different brain activation of the stroke groups and the controls during happiness and sadness, which reflected the emotional impairment in stroke groups.

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Correlation Analysis of Emotional EEG in Alpha, Beta and Gamma Frequency Bands

2021-08-27 , Choong W.Y. , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Mustafa W.A. , Murugappan M. , Hamid A. , Bong S.Z. , Yuvaraj R. , Omar M.I. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Hasimah Ali , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Shahriman Abu Bakar

It is aimed at finding the correlation between EEG channels from six induced emotions in normal subjects. The multichannel EEG data was measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient to investigate the linear relationship between channel pairs in alpha, beta and gamma EEG frequency sub-bands. The EEG data were collected from 12 healthy subjects, with six induced emotions by audio-visual stimuli, which were anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. The 14-channel wireless Emotiv Epoc was used for data collection. The results show that the EEG channels in alpha band was relatively higher correlation than in beta and gamma bands. The highest correlation for all emotions in alpha band were the channel pairs in right frontal region, FC6-F4 and F4-AF4. In beta and gamma bands, the highest correlation pairs involved the right frontal, occipital and parietal regions, which were FC6-F4 and O2-P8.

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Correlation Analysis of Emotional EEG in Alpha, Beta and Gamma Frequency Bands

2021-08-27 , Choong W.Y. , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Murugappan M. , Asna Rasyidah Abdul Hamid , Bong S.Z. , Yuvaraj R. , Mohd Iqbal Omar , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Hasimah Ali , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Shahriman Abu Bakar

It is aimed at finding the correlation between EEG channels from six induced emotions in normal subjects. The multichannel EEG data was measured by Pearson's correlation coefficient to investigate the linear relationship between channel pairs in alpha, beta and gamma EEG frequency sub-bands. The EEG data were collected from 12 healthy subjects, with six induced emotions by audio-visual stimuli, which were anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness and surprise. The 14-channel wireless Emotiv Epoc was used for data collection. The results show that the EEG channels in alpha band was relatively higher correlation than in beta and gamma bands. The highest correlation for all emotions in alpha band were the channel pairs in right frontal region, FC6-F4 and F4-AF4. In beta and gamma bands, the highest correlation pairs involved the right frontal, occipital and parietal regions, which were FC6-F4 and O2-P8.

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An Experimental Framework for Assessing Emotions of Stroke Patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG)

2020-06-17 , Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad , Yean C.W. , Murugappan M. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh , Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Shahriman Abu Bakar , Ibrahim Z. , Nurhafizah S.

This research aims to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Since emotion and health are interrelated, thus it is important to analyse the emotional states of stroke patients for neurofeedback treatment. Moreover, the conventional methods for emotional assessment in stroke patients are based on observational approaches where the results can be fraud easily. The observational-based approaches are conducted by filling up the international standard questionnaires or face to face interview for symptom recognition from psychological reactions of patients and do not involve experimental study. This paper introduces an experimental framework for assessing emotions of the stroke patient. The experimental protocol is designed to induce six emotional states of the stroke patient in the form of video-audio clips. In the experiments, EEG data are collected from 3 groups of subjects, namely the stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), the stroke patients with right brain damage (RBD), and the normal control (NC). The EEG signals exhibit nonlinear properties, hence the non-linear methods such as the Higher Order Spectra (HOS) could give more information on EEG in the signal's analysis. Furthermore, the EEG classification works with a large amount of complex data, a simple mathematical concept is almost impossible to classify the EEG signal. From the investigation, the proposed experimental framework able to induce the emotions of stroke patient and could be acquired through EEG.

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Leukemia Blood Cells Detection using Neural Network Classifier

2023-12-01 , Mansor M.N. , Hasan M.Z. , Wan Azani Wan Mustafa , Farah Hanan Mohd Faudzi , Syahrul Affandi Saidi , Mohd Aminudin Jamlos , Talib N.A.A. , Ahmad Kadri Junoh

Image segmentation is an image processing operation performed on the image in order to partition the image into some images based on the information contained in the original image. Image segmentation plays an important role in many medical imaging applications, image segmentation facilitates the anatomy process in a particular body of human body. Classification and clustering are the methods used un data mining for analyzing the data sets and divide them on the basis of some particular classification rules. There are many image segmentation tools that used for medical purpose, so it is necessary to define and/or to improve the image segmentation methods in order to get the best method. In this study, the image of leukemia and red blood cells will be used as samples to determine the best algorithm in image segmentation. The procedure for doing segmentation itself is clustering image, edge detection on image, and image classification. The clustering is to extract important information from an image. The edge detection is to determine the existence of edges of lines in image in order to investigate and localize the desired edge features. Moreover, the classification analyzes the properties of some images and organizes the information into certain categories. In this study, the Neural Network and K-Nearest Neighbor are used for image classification by paired with Local Binary Pattern and Principal Component Analysis. The results revealed that the best method of proven in classifying images is from Local Binary Pattern feature extraction with the average accuracy of 94%.

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