Now showing 1 - 10 of 16
  • Publication
    An overview of multi-filters for eliminating impulse noise for digital images
    ( 2020-02-01)
    Abdurrazzaq A.
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    ; ; ;
    Mohd I.
    An image through the digitization process is referred to as a digital image. The quality of the digital image may be degenerating due to interferences on the acquisition, transmission, extraction, etc. This attracted the attention of many researchers to study the causes of damage to the information in the image. In addition to finding cause of image damage, the researchers also looking for ways to overcome this problem. There are many filtering techniques that have been introduced to deal the damage to the information in the image. In addition to eliminating noise from the image, filtering techniques also aims to maintain the originality of the features in the image. Among the many research papers on image filtering there is a lack of review papers which are an important to facilitate researchers in understanding the differences in each filtering technique. Additionally, it helps researchers determine the direction of research conducted based on the results of previous research. Therefore, this paper presents a review of several filtering techniques that have been developed so far.
  • Publication
    A study of cultural diversity and ethical climate towards employee selection in higher education institutions
    ( 2024-10)
    Nur Anis Zulaikha Sharif Azam
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    Norshahrizan Nordin
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    This study investigates the critical role of employee selection processes in organisational success, focusing on the impact of cultural diversity (CD) and ethical climate (EC) within Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) in Northern Malaysia. Employing a quantitative methodology and a descriptive research design, data were collected from academic staff through a structured questionnaire. The analysis using SPSS software reveals strong positive correlations among employee selection, CD, and EC. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity confirm the data's suitability for factor analysis, while Cronbach’s alpha coefficients indicate robust internal consistency. The findings underscore the importance of aligning employee selection processes with organisational strategies and values to attract competent employees. Additionally, effective management of CD enhances financial performance, competitive advantage, and profitability. An EC significantly promotes ethical behaviour, job satisfaction, and organisational performance. The study highlights practical implications for integrating diversity and ethical considerations into selection strategies, providing valuable insights for human resource management and organisational behaviour. The research emphasises the need for a holistic approach to talent acquisition by demonstrating how selection practices influence organisational outcomes. This approach fosters inclusivity and ethical leadership, ultimately contributing to long-term organisational success. These findings comprehensively understand employee selection, CD, and EC dynamics in enhancing institutional effectiveness and achieving strategic goals in HEI settings.
  • Publication
    A survey on improvement of Mahalanobis Taguchi system and its application
    ( 2023-11-01)
    Tan L.M.
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    Ramlie F.
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    Harudin N.
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    Abu M.Y.
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    Tan X.J.
    Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) is used for pattern recognition and classification, diagnosis, and prediction of a multivariate data set. Mahalanobis Distance (MD), orthogonal array (OA), and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are used in traditional MTS in order to identify and optimize the variables. However, the high correlation among variables shows an effect on the inverse of the correlation matrix that uses in the calculation of MD and hence affects the accuracy of the MD. Therefore, Mahalanobis-Taguchi-Gram-Schmidt (MTGS) system is proposed in order to solve the problem of multicollinearity. The value of MD can be calculated by using the Gram-Schmidt Orthogonalization Process (GSOP). Besides, the computational speed and the accuracy in optimization using OA and SNR are other issues that are concerned the authors. Hence, the combination of MTS and other methods such as Binary Particles Swarm Optimization (BPSO) and Binary Ant Colony Optimization (NBACO) is proposed to improve the computational speed and the accuracy in optimization. The purpose of this paper is to review and summarize some works that developed and used the hybrid methodology of MTS as well as its application in several fields. Moreover, a discussion about the future work that can be done related to MTS is carried out.
  • Publication
    Non-linear analysis of Self-Switching Diodes as microwave rectifiers
    A planar device known as the Self-Switching Diode (SSD) has been demonstrated as a high-speed rectifier, up to terahertz frequencies. The rectifying properties of SSD are dependent on a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic of the device. In this research, the rectification of two SSD rectifiers has been reported and their performances were evaluated. The observed results showed a good agreement with the nonlinear theoretical analysis of both rectifiers by means of a Taylor series which can be utilized in improving the rectifying performance of any diode-based rectifier specifically for diodes with tunable threshold voltage such as SSDs.
  • Publication
    Statistical analysis in clinical gait analysis using Kinovea between normal and simulated abnormal gaits
    Kinematic analysis of human gait is an effective strategy to detect and assess an individual's gait to diagnose and develop and guide follow-on rehabilitation protocols. So, an accurate, objective gait analysis system has potential to facilitate rehabilitation process. System using smartphone-Kinovea represent an emerging technology for physical activity assessment and that may be relevant for gait analysis. The objective of this study was to determine gait displacement, speed and joint angle by using smartphone-Kinovea software system - to compare the normal gait with four distinct simulated gait abnormalities. Also, to assess validity of the proposed system by compared with QTM as gold standard. 30 participants completed an experiment in which they completed several gait trails on single day. Gait types were analyzed using statistical analysis (two-way MANOVA). As for validation assessment was analyzed using paired t-test by comparing proposed system with QTM. Results shows that joint angles for abnormal gaits are higher mean (Standard Deviation) compared to normal gait during HS and TO. While, normal gait exhibits higher mean (Standard Deviation) for d and s during both IDS and TDS phases compared to other four abnormal gaits in both genders. Also, there are significant different (p<0.05) of gait for all gait comparisons for all parameters, except hip angle of normal-HP with p=0.495. Moreover, there is some gait was similar with other gait due to they shared underlying kinematic aspects such as BA and DP. The validation of the system gives moderate result. These support that the smartphone-Kinovea system have potential in detecting and identifying abnormal gaits, and for future implementation in diagnosis and rehabilitation.
  • Publication
    Extended median filter for salt and pepper noise
    Image have a significant importance in many fields in human life such as, in medicine, photography, biology, astronomy, industry and defence. Thus, it attracts the attention of large number of researchers, among them those interested in preserving the image features from any factors that may reduce the image quality. One of these factors is the noise which affects the visual aspect of the image and makes others image processing more difficult. Thus far, solving this noise problem remains a challenge point for the researchers in this field, a huge number of image denoising techniques have been introduced in order to remove the noise with taking care of the image featurs, in other words, get the best similarity to the original image from the noisy one. However, beside the enormous amount of researches and studies which adopt several mathematical concepts (statistics, probabilities, modeling, PDEs, wavelet, fuzzy logic, etc.), the findings proved to be inconclusive yet. From this point, the current study aims to introduce a new denoising method for removing salt & pepper noise from the digital image through developed Median filter, so as to overcome this problem of noise and achieve a good image restoration.
  • Publication
    Understanding Domain Knowledge in Initialization Method for K-Mean Clustering Algorithm in Medical Images
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Tan X.J.
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    Mohd Yusoff Mashor
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    Ab Rahman K.S.
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    Cheor Wai Loon
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    This work serves as a preliminary study to investigate and identify the applicability of domain knowledge as an initialization method for K-Mean (KM), typically in medical images. For this purpose, 20 breast histopathology images were used as data set and the evaluations are focused on the clustering of the hyperchromatic nucleus. The iteration numbers and clustering results (i.e., accuracy, over-segmentation, and under-segmentation) are benchmarked with KM++ and the conventional random initialization method. The domain knowledge initialization method is found promising by achieving lower iteration numbers (<9), higher percentage in accuracy (85.5% (±2.27)), and lower percentages in over-segmentation (8.25% (±2.23)), and under-segmentation (7.00% (±2.14)). From this study, we hypothesize that the domain knowledge initialization method has the potential to be implemented as an initialization method and is posited to overperform some established initialization methods, typically for clustering tasks in medical images.
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  • Publication
    Performance comparison and visualization with different computational softwares for predicting the reservoir pressure on oil production
    ( 2020-01-01) ;
    Alias N.
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    Ibrahim M.N.M.
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    Saipol H.F.S.
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    This paper presents the performance comparison of some computation software for solving the boundary element method (BEM). BEM formulation is the numerical technique and high potential for solving the advance mathematical modeling to predict the production of oil well in arbitrarily shaped based on multiple leases reservoir. The limitation of data validation for ensuring that a program meets the accuracy of the mathematical modeling is considered as the research motivation of this paper. Thus, based on this limitation, there are three steps involved to validate the accuracy of the oil production simulation process. In the first step, identify the mathematical modeling based on partial differential equation (PDE) with Poisson-elliptic type to perform the BEM discretization. In the second step, implement the simulation of the 2D BEM discretization using COMSOL Multiphysic and MATLAB programming languages. In the last step, analyze the numerical performance indicators for both programming languages by using the validation of Fortran programming. The performance comparisons of numerical analysis are investigated in terms of percentage error, comparison graph and 2D visualization of pressure on oil production of multiple leases reservoir. According to the performance comparison, the structured programming in Fortran programming is the alternative software for implementing the accurate numerical simulation of BEM. As a conclusion, high-level language for numerical computation and numerical performance evaluation are satisfied to prove that Fortran is well suited for capturing the visualization of the production of oil well in arbitrarily shaped.
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  • Publication
    Determination of flexibility of workers working time through Taguchi method approach
    Human factor is one of the important elements in manufacturing world, despite their important role in improvement the production flow, they have been neglected while scheduling for many decades. In this paper the researchers taken the human factor throughout their job performance weightage into consideration while using job shop scheduling (JSS) for a factory of glass industry, in order to improving the workers' flexibility. In other hand, the researchers suggested a new sequence of workers' weightage by using Taguchi method, which present the best flexibility that workers can have, while decreasing the total time that the factory need to complete the whole production flow.
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  • Publication
    Gain Enhancement of Rectangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Air Gap
    This paper presents a gain enhanced rectangular dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) using air gap. The air gap placed under the dielectric resonator antenna and above the ground plane. A gain of 6.605 dBi obtained from the DRA with air gap while gain of 5.956 dBi is achieved by DRA without air gap. The size of the antenna is approximately 50 mm by 40 mm, thus it can be considered a compact design. This antenna designed using Rogers RO4003 substrate and the DRA material is Eccostock HIK. All the design and simulation results are conducted using CST Studio Suite 2019 software. Based on the result, it shows that the antenna operates with reflection coefficient of less than -10 dB at the desired operating frequency range, centered at 3.5 GHz. The inclusion of air gap proved that it can enhance the gain value of the DRA.
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