Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
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Preferred name
Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
Official Name
Subash Chandra Bose, Gopinath
Alternative Name
Gopinath, S.
Gopinath, S. C.B
Subash Gopinath, C. B.
Subash, Gopinath
Subash C. B. Gopinath
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
7006558013
Researcher ID
D-2953-2015

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  • Publication
    Biomass-derived graphene and metal–organic frameworks for sustainable sensing applications
    (Springer, 2025)
    Narendra B. Patil
    ;
    Vemula Madhavi
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Santheraleka Ramanathan
    ;
    Sharangouda J. Patil
    ;
    Ajay Bhalkar
    Across the world, biomass serves as a natural and plentiful carbon source. It comes in several forms such as plant leaves, grasses, rice husks, coffee grounds, biomolecules, and wastes from agriculture, food production, and municipal sources. Consequently, the exploration of sustainable and preferably affordable assets for creating high-efficiency materials remains a key objective. Nowadays, there is a notable advancement in the development of biomass-derived graphene-based nanomaterials and MOFs, due to their stable, renewable, and economically viable nature. Additionally, it contributes to effective waste management. In this sense, graphene-based nanomaterials and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn considerable interest in sensing applications due to their remarkable features, including characteristics like extensive surface area, optical and electrical qualities, biocompatibility, and reliable stability. This review focuses on the research conducted to date and the advancements made in the potential application of graphene-based nanomaterials and MOF probes in sensing technologies. Initially, the review discusses the basic and chemical properties of biomass, the characteristics of graphene and MOFs, and green synthesis techniques for graphene-based nanomaterials and MOFs derived from biomass. Following this, the latest developments in graphene-based nanomaterials and MOFs from biomass are explored. Lastly, the future prospects of graphene-based nanomaterials and MOF probes are discussed. Finally, graphene-based nanomaterials and MOFs emerge as novel probes with a range of benefits, including high sensitivity, strong selectivity, remarkable stability, and quick response times in sensing applications. Therefore, this study aims to provide insights for emerging researchers to design advanced graphene-based nanomaterials and MOF probes for sensing applications in the future.
  • Publication
    Biogenic nano zinc oxide particle production and their antimicrobial potentials: a review
    (Springer, 2024-12)
    Perugu Ravi
    ;
    Madhava C. Reddy
    ;
    T. Chandrasekhar
    ;
    Suresh V. Chinni
    ;
    Hussaini Adam
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Veeranjaneya Reddy Lebaka
    Nano zinc oxide particles (ZnO-NPs) have captured significant interest from researchers worldwide due to their exceptional biological activity. These nanoparticles are known for their low toxicity and biodegradability, which enhance the bioactivity of pharmacophores. In the realms of electronics and optoelectronics, ZnO-NPs are the most widely utilized nano metal oxides, thanks to their distinctive optical properties and chemical behaviors. These properties can be easily modified through changes in morphology and a high bandgap. The synthesis of biomimetic nanoparticles from therapeutic plants, fungi, bacteria, and algae enhances their durability and biocompatibility in various biological environments. Biofabrication also affects their physicochemical behavior, which contributes to increased biological potency. This article reviews various ZnO-NP synthesis methods, including physical, chemical, and biogenic techniques, with a particular emphasis on green synthesis method. The review highlights the unique properties and mechanisms that give ZnO-NPs their powerful antimicrobial activities against a wide range of pathogens, including bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The nanoparticles’ small size, large surface area, and biocompatibility enable effective interaction with microbial cells, leading to cell death through direct interaction, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and modulation of the host immune response. Also delves advantages and disadvantages of zinc oxide nanoparticles compared to other metal oxides, as well as their limitations. The diverse properties of ZnO-NPs make them a versatile and promising option for various applications, particularly in nanomedicine. The integration of biogenic synthesis methods not only improves their ecological profile but also enhances their efficacy and safety in different biological contexts.
  • Publication
    Nanodiagnostic attainments and clinical perspectives on c-reactive protein: Cardiovascular disease risks assessment
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2021-01-01)
    Letchumanan I.
    ;
    Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    Cardiovascular disease (CVD) has become one of the leading causes of morbidity and mor-tality in both men and women. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), ischemic heart disease is the major issue due to the narrowing of the coronary artery by plaque formation on the artery wall, which causes an inadequate flow of oxygen and blood to the heart and is called ‘coronary artery disease’. The CVD death rate increased by up to 15% in 2016 (~17.6 million) compared to the past decade. This tremendous increment urges the development of a suitable biomarker for rapid and early diagnosis. Currently, C-reactive protein (CRP) is considered an outstanding biomarker for quick and accurate outcomes in clinical analyses. Various techniques have also been used to diagnose CVD, including surface plasmon resonance (SPR), colorimetric assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), fluoro-immunoassays, chemiluminescent assays, and electrical measurements. This review discusses such diagnostic strategies and how current, cutting-edge technologies have enabled the development of high-performance detection methodologies. Concluding remarks have been made con-cerning the clinical significance and the use of nanomaterial in medical diagnostics towards nanother-anostics.
      4  14
  • Publication
    Feasibility of graphene in biomedical applications
    ( 2017-10-01)
    Mu Ee Foo
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    Nanotechnology is the developing field, bringing the materials in the nanoscale level, has been applied in the interdisciplinary sciences. Different nanomaterials, such as gold, silver, zinc, copper and graphene are shown to have a wide range of applications. Among these, graphene is one of the faster upcoming two-dimensional nanomaterials utilized in various fields due to its positive features including the properties of thermal, electrical, strength and elasticity. Biomedical applications of graphene have been widely attested to be popular among academician and industrial partners for creating next generation medical systems and therapies. In this review, we selectively revealed the current applications of graphene in the interdisciplinary medical sciences.
      13  1
  • Publication
    Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric measurements on fibrils formation of alpha synuclein in Parkinson's disease by a gold interdigitated tetraelectrodes
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Adam Hussaini
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Krishnan Hemavathi
    ;
    Tijjani Adam
    ;
    Mohammed M.
    ;
    Perumal V.
    ;
    Fakhri M.A.
    ;
    Salim E.T.
    ;
    Raman P.
    ;
    Subramaniam, Sreeramanan
    ;
    Chen Y.
    ;
    Sasidharan S.
    Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the aggregation and deposition of alpha-synuclein protein, which are pathological hallmarks. To understand the fibril formation of alpha-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, this study uses cyclic and differential pulse voltammetric measurements. These measurements analyze the electrochemical properties and behavior of alpha-synuclein during its fibril formation process. By applying a potential sweep or pulse to the alpha-synuclein sample, it is possible to gain insights into its redox activity and structural changes during fibril formation. This could lead to the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent or disrupt this pathological event in Parkinson's disease. To detect Parkinson's disease, a 15 nm sized gold conjugated antibody was used as the probe and seeded on gold interdigitated tetraelectrodes (AuIDTE). Alpha synuclein variations (fibriled and non-fibriled) were detected using phosphate-buffer saline and glycine buffer based on cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. Discriminated by Tau protein measurement that was employed as a control. The linear regression for detecting alpha synuclein aggregation using differential pulse voltammetry was R2 = 0.9987 [y = 9E-06x - 4E-07], with a limit of detection of 10 aM, on a linear range of 1 aM-1 pM. Cyclic voltammetry determined the limit of detection of aggregated alpha synuclein to be 100 aM, with a linear relationship of R2 = 0.9939 [y = 7E-06x - 2E-06]. The sensor has excellent analytical performance in terms of detection limit, sensitivity, selectivity, repeatability, and stability.
      5  24
  • Publication
    Gold-nanoparticle associated deep eutectic solution mediates early bio detection of ovarian cancer
    ( 2025-01)
    S. Uvambighai Devi
    ;
    Nor Azizah Parmin
    ;
    N. Fareezah Jaapar
    ;
    F. Syakirah Halim
    ;
    Uda Hashim
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Muhammad Nur Aiman Uda
    ;
    Voon Chun Hong
    ;
    Mohammad Nuzaihan Md Nor
    ;
    Adilah Ayoib
    ;
    Shahidah Arina Shamsuddin
    ;
    Norizah Abd Karim
    Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have indeed been extensively researched in biological and photothermal therapy applications in recent years. This study aims to enhance the sensitivity of biosensors for early detection of ovarian cancer biomarkers by investigating the efficacy of DES-mediated surface functionalization of AuNPs. Additionally, the impact of DES on the stability and dispersion of AuNPs on SiO2 support is assessed to optimize sensor performance. A simple DES-mediated synthesis method for efficient amine surface functionalization of silicon dioxide (SiO2) to incorporate tiny AuNPs for antibody biosensors. Physical characterization [Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), and 3D Profiler] and electrical characterization (Keithley) have been done to determine the functionalization of the modified IDE surface. SEM analysis indicated the resultant nanoparticles have truncated spherical shapes. There is just a peak recorded by UV-Vis at 504-540 nm with AuNPs due to the formation of monodispersed AuNPs. When the conjugation of DES with samples is measured, the curves are identical in form, and the highest peak after conjugation has remained at 230 nm but the SPR absorption peak becomes narrower and moves toward greater wavelengths, indicating the conjugation between the molecules. Furthermore, when the DES is conjugated with AuNPs, 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), antibody, and protein, the peaks gradually increased and became narrower, where O-H at 3280 cm-1, C-H at 2809 cm-1 and 2933 cm-1, CH2 at 1448 cm-1, CH3 at 1268 cm-1, C-OH at 1048 cm-1 and 1110 cm-1 and C-N+ at 844 cm-1 as analyzed by FTIR. Moreover, it can be observed that the 3D profilometer revealed a few red-colored areas, which are the portion that protrudes from the IDE surface. Based on the findings, it is possible to infer that this immunosensor does have the prospective to be used in clinical investigations for the precise detection of ovarian cancer or other biomarkers. The capacitance, transmittance, and resistivity profiles of the biosensor clearly distinguished between the antibody immobilization and the affinity binding. The presence of a DES-mediated synthetic approach increased the possibility of supporting different metal nanoparticles on SiO2 as the potential platform for biosensor applications.
      22  2
  • Publication
    Anxiety determination by antibody-conjugated nanoparticles on an interdigitated electrode sensor
    ( 2020-09-01)
    Wang X.
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Li J.
    This work focused on the detection of cortisol on an interdigitated electrode sensor surface using an anti-cortisol antibody. To improve immobilization, antibodies were conjugated with silver nanoparticles and attached to the surface of the sensor. Cortisol interacted in a dose-dependent manner on the antibody-immobilized sensor surface, and current changes were observed. Linear regression analysis was performed by a 3σ calculation, and the limit of detection fell into the range of 0.01 and 0.1 ng/mL. The sensitivity of cortisol was calculated to be 0.01 ng/mL and the sensor discriminated against other hormones, namely norepinephrine and progesterone, with higher selectivity for cortisol. This result represented the selective detection of cortisol with high performance, which can help to determine anxiety disorders.
      8  10
  • Publication
    Zeolite nanomaterial-modified dielectrode oxide surface for diagnosing Alzheimer’s disease by dual molecular probed impedance sensor
    (De Gruyter, 2023-12-01)
    Zhengguo Qiu
    ;
    Xiaqing Zhang
    ;
    Ni Jia
    ;
    Xu Li
    ;
    Rui Li
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Mingna Jiao
    Objectives: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an irreversible and progressive neurogenerative disorder, which affects the learning part of brain. It mainly affects the aged population and becoming a global health issue, expecting to increase more in near future. Late diagnosis of AD worsens the situation and difficult to treat the patient. Various biosensing techniques with suitable biomarkers have been developed by researchers to diagnose the earlier stages of AD. Methods: This research was focused to develop a highly sensitive zeolite-dual probe-modified impedance biosensor for identifying AD biomarker, Aβ Oligomer (AβO). The sensing surface was initially modified with zeolite through the chemical linker and then a dual probe of anti-AβO aptamer and anti-AβO antibody were attached to the surface of the zeolite. Results: On these dual probe-modified surfaces, AβO was quantified to diagnose AD. Further, AβO spiked artificial CSF was identified by dual probes without any interference, indicating the selective identification of AβO. In addition, control experiments with non-immune, complementary, and control proteins failed to show the increment of responses, confirming the specific detection of AβO. Conclusions: This zeolite-dual probe-modified biosensor helps to lower the limit of detection to 0.1 pM and diagnose AD at the earlier stages.
      3  11
  • Publication
    Dual-probe sandwich for Lewy body detection on nano-composite modified dielectric surface to determine Parkinson's disease
    ( 2023)
    Xi Zhang
    ;
    Wu Menghai
    ;
    Subash Chandra Bose Gopinath
    ;
    Yeng Chen
    Parkinson's disorder (PD) is a chronic and central nervous system disorder that occurs when neurons in the area of the brain impairs or dies, in particular, it affects the dopamine-producing neurons. People having PD also loose chemical messenger norepinephrine, which involves in regulating the main function of physiological systems, such as heart rate and blood pressure. Researchers are working on to identify PD with a suitable biomarker and alpha-synuclein is the presynaptic neuronal protein, in the neurological lesions (Lewy bodies). This research was focused to develop an alpha-synuclein biosensor on an iron oxide (IO) nanomaterial-modified interdigitated electrode surface. Anti-alpha-synuclein aptamer was attached on IO through the amine-linker and aggregated alpha-synuclein was sandwiched between aptamer and antibody. To enhance the analytical performance, antibody was modified with gold nanoparticles and reached the detection limit of 10 aM, determined on a linear range between 101 and 107 aM [y = 2.5812×-0.0081; R2 = 0.9729]. Further, control molecules failed to increase the current responses indicating the specific detection of alpha-synuclein and the CSF-spiked alpha-synuclein increases the current responses, confirming the selective detection.
      2