Shahriman Abu Bakar
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Preferred name
Shahriman Abu Bakar
Official Name
Shahriman, Abu Bakar
Alternative Name
Bakar, Shahriman A.B.
Shariman, A. B.
Ab, Shahriman
Abu Bakar, S.
Bakar, A. S.
Bakar, S. A.
Bakar, Shahriman Abu
Bakar, Sharifah Adzila Syed Abu
Bakar, S. Abu
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57196198202
Researcher ID
ELT-0087-2022

Research Output

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  • Publication
    A study on the significance of exhaust manifold’s bending angle to the brake torque of 115cc SI engine
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Murali R.
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Azizul A.I.
    ;
    Rani M.F.H.
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Sunan S.
    ;
    Ali M.H.A.
    ;
    Ramasamy G.
    ;
    Hisham M.H.N.
    The exhaust manifold is a crucial component of the exhaust system in any SI engine, responsible for efficiently expelling combustion products. However, when the exhaust manifold's design is suboptimal, it leads to negative consequences for the engine's performance due to the presence of backpressure. Backpressure refers to the difference between maximum exhaust pressure and atmospheric pressure. An increase in backpressure decreases the overall performance and fuel efficiency of an SI engine. This study aimed to investigate the bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold and the brake torque of the 115cc SI engine using 1D engine analysis. The relationship between the exhaust manifold's bending angle characteristics and the brake torque was analysed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a p-value of less than 0.05, while the validation with experimental data showed a maximum error of 6.62. In the previous research, it was noted that a lower bending angle leads to better performance. However, the current results indicate that out of the three bending angles considered, having one of them yields the most substantial enhancement in brake torque. The optimized bending angle configuration obtained from the analysis increased the mean brake torque by 0.011 Nm (0.14%). Consequently, this study enhances the average brake torque through the optimal bending angle characteristics of the exhaust manifold. The study's objective aligns with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 9: Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure, as the improved performance achieved through an optimal exhaust manifold design configuration is expected to promote domestic technology development.
      1  20
  • Publication
    Lower extremity joint reaction forces and plantar fascia strain responses due to incline and decline walking
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Noor Arifah Azwani Abdul Yamin
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Ahmad Faizal Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Hanafi Mat Som
    ;
    Asyraf Hakimi Abu Bakar
    Purpose: The present study aims to investigate the effect of incline and decline walking on ground and joint reaction forces (JRF) of lower extremity and plantar fascia strain (PFS) under certain surface inclination angles. Methods: Twenty-three male subjects walked on a customized platform with four different surface inclinations (i.e., 0°, 5°,7.5° and 10°) with inclined and declined directions. The motion of the ten reflective markers was captured using Qualysis motion capture system (Qualysis, Gothenburg, Sweden) and exported to a visual three-dimensional (3D) software (C-motion, Germantown, USA) in order to analyze the GRF, JRF and PFS. Results: The results found that the peak vertical GRF is almost consistent for 0° and 5° inclination slope but started to decrease at 7.5° onwards during decline walking. The most affected JRF was found on knee at medial-lateral direction even as low as 5°, to 10° inclination for both walking conditions. Furthermore, the findings also show that the JRF of lower extremity was more affected during declined walking compared to inclined walking based on the number of significant differences observed in each inclination angle. The PFS was found increased with the increase of surface inclination. Conclusions: The findings could provide a new insight on the relationship of joint reaction forces and strain parameter in response to the incline and decline walking. It would benefit in providing a better precaution that should be considered during hiking activity, especially in medial-lateral direction in order to prevent injury or fall risk.
      4
  • Publication
    Comparative study of surface temperature of lithium-ion polymer cells at different discharging rates by infrared thermography and thermocouple
    ( 2020-06-01)
    Rani M.F.H.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Wan W.K.
    The objective of this study was to compare the surface temperature of lithium-ion polymer cells at different discharging rates by infrared thermography and thermocouple measurement. The cells were discharged by using a battery workstation at discharging rates of 2.0 A, 4.0 A, 6.0 A, 8.0 A, and 10.0 A in a controlled testing condition. This study focused on surface temperature distribution, maximum surface temperature, and temperature rise evolution. Higher discharging rate generates more heat in LiPo cells, which causes larger temperature gradient, higher maximum surface temperature, and higher temperature rise. During the discharging process, non-uniformity spatial distribution of LiPo cells was observed. No critical surface temperature was observed when reaching towards the end of discharging process as the surface temperature distribution managed to become spatially uniform. Most of the maximum surface temperatures were spotted at the lower part of the LiPo cells. In addition, the captured infrared (IR) images found that the temperature rises rapidly at higher discharging rates. In comparison, surface temperature measurement by infrared thermography provided higher accuracy than thermocouple. The findings of this study provide evidences in better development of battery thermal management systems with consideration of surface temperature distribution and temperature rise.
      2
  • Publication
    Structure dynamic analysis on mobility robot footrest for adult male
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Tan Wei Hong
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Teoh C.Y.
    ;
    Lee C.H.
    Mobility robot is mostly used by blind and partially sighted people as a mode of transport, leading to more people becoming vulnerable to invisible harm caused by vibration propagated along with the mobility robot structure. Random vibration from different sources propagated along with mobility robot to members of rider body, commonly known as Whole-body Vibration (WBV). Riders commonly experience WBV due to the propagation of vigorous vibration along with the mobility robot footrest. Therefore, vibration analysis is conducted onto the footrest of mobility robot to study its dynamic characteristics corresponding to the excitation frequency induced from the power train of mobility robot. Simulation analysis approach is selected as the method to conduct Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Computer-Aided Drawing (CAD) drafts of the footrest are prepared using CATIA and import the CAD footrest models to ANSYS Workbench to conduct FEA. Two set CAD drafts of footrests are prepared consist of the original and proposed footrest. As a result, it is found that increasing the mass of footrest can reduce the vibration level by more than 93% for X-axis, 70% for Y-axis and 90% for Z-axis. Furthermore, increasing the stiffness of footrest also increased the natural frequencies with the highest increment percentage in the second natural frequency of the proposed footrest, up to 70.12%. In a nutshell, with the increase of mass and designing an appropriate geometry of footrest able to reduce the vibration level significantly.
      8  2
  • Publication
    Development of Driving Simulation Experiment Protocol for the Study of Drivers’ Emotions by using EEG Signal
    ( 2024-06-01)
    Abdul Hafiz Abd Halin
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Muhajir Ab. Rahim
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Saidatul Ardeenawatie Awang
    The Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a field of research that studies the EEG signal in order to elevate our understanding of the human brain. The applications of BCI are not limited to the study of the brain wave but also include its applications. The studies of human emotions specific to the vehicle driver are limited and not vastly explored. The EEG signal is used in this study to classify the emotions of drivers. This research aims to study the emotion classifications (surprise, relax/neutral, focus, fear, and nervousness) while driving the simulated vehicle by analyse the EEG signals. The experiments were conducted in 2 conditions, autonomous and manual drive in the simulated environment. In autonomous driving, vehicle control is disabled. While in manual drive, the subjects are able to control the steering angle, acceleration, and brake pedal. During the experiments, the EEG data of the subjects is recorded and then analyzed.
      1  32
  • Publication
    An Experimental Framework for Assessing Emotions of Stroke Patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG)
    ( 2020-06-17)
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Yean C.W.
    ;
    Murugappan M.
    ;
    Ahmad Kadri Junoh
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Nurhafizah S.
    This research aims to assess the emotional experiences of stroke patients using Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals. Since emotion and health are interrelated, thus it is important to analyse the emotional states of stroke patients for neurofeedback treatment. Moreover, the conventional methods for emotional assessment in stroke patients are based on observational approaches where the results can be fraud easily. The observational-based approaches are conducted by filling up the international standard questionnaires or face to face interview for symptom recognition from psychological reactions of patients and do not involve experimental study. This paper introduces an experimental framework for assessing emotions of the stroke patient. The experimental protocol is designed to induce six emotional states of the stroke patient in the form of video-audio clips. In the experiments, EEG data are collected from 3 groups of subjects, namely the stroke patients with left brain damage (LBD), the stroke patients with right brain damage (RBD), and the normal control (NC). The EEG signals exhibit nonlinear properties, hence the non-linear methods such as the Higher Order Spectra (HOS) could give more information on EEG in the signal's analysis. Furthermore, the EEG classification works with a large amount of complex data, a simple mathematical concept is almost impossible to classify the EEG signal. From the investigation, the proposed experimental framework able to induce the emotions of stroke patient and could be acquired through EEG.
      1  17
  • Publication
    Derivation and validation of heat transfer model for Spark-Ignition engine cylinder head
    ( 2023-05-05)
    Hassan M.A.S.M.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Anas Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Mohd Afendi Rojan
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Ishak A.A.
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    The valve train is located in the engine cylinder head, which has various operational heat transfer mechanisms to accommodate the combustion process. Most heat transfer studies in this area have only addressed medium-to high-power vehicles at a single running speed. In this study, a model of an air-cooled underbone motorcycle valve, valve seat, and engine cylinder head was tested to determine the thermal characteristics using actual engine operating conditions at low, medium, and high engine speeds. One-dimensional thermal simulation analyses were conducted to obtain the instantaneous heat-transfer coefficients of an actual engine. The average thermal value was determined as the boundary condition in the three-dimensional thermal analysis. A three-dimensional model was prepared using the ANSYS commercial computational fluid dynamics software package. The results show that as the engine speed increases, so does the thermal load toward the component in the engine cylinder head. The strongest temperature regions were concentrated around the combustion face. The exhaust valve held most of the heat, with the valve neck recording the highest temperature. For the intake valve, the combustion face registered the majority of the heat. The heat flux intensity was gathered in the contact surface area between the valve and its seat, between the valve stem and guide, and between the stem guide and tip section. A thermal survey was used to validate the three modelling results for two separate engine datasets. The cumulative relative errors for intake and exhaust valve seats for low engine speeds were 3.73% and 0.17%, respectively. The intake and exhaust valve seats had cumulative relative errors of 4.12% and 0.70%, respectively, at intermediate speeds. This methodology provides valuable information for analysing the heat characterisation of air-cooled engines. It can also be a useful blueprint for the automotive industry and other researchers involved in thermal measurements.
      32  2
  • Publication
    Effect of Water Absorption on Graphene Nanoplatelet and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-impregnated Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
    ( 2023-07-01)
    Ahmad M.A.A.
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Sapuan S.M.
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    In this study, the effect of water uptake on graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-impregnated glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composites was examined. The composite was manufactured using a hand lay-up and vacuum bagging technique. The nanofiller was mixed with epoxy using a mechanical stirrer, high-shear mixer, and ultrasonic probe machine. In situ electromechanical testing was performed on the specimens. The study found that the weight content and type of nanofiller impact the composites' water uptake and mechanical properties. The water uptake of GNP–glass, MWCNT–glass, and GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid composites decrease with the addition of different nanofiller contents. Adding a 1.5 GNP–MWCNT hybrid mixture increased the composite's tensile and flexural strengths to 269.3 and 294.4 MPa, respectively. The GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid composite shows a positive synergy effect on the enhancement of water-ageing with self-sensing ability, while the GNP–glass, MWCNT–glass composites show a less positive effect on water ageing sensing behaviour. The nanofillers dispersion and fracture surface morphological observations were disclosed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results established that the GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid exhibits good potential for in situ damage monitoring of composites and can support their development and application as a smart material.
      6  22
  • Publication
    Design of Experiment (DOE) for the Investigation of Human Emotions while Driving in a Virtual Environment through Brain Signal (EEG)
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Hafiz Halin
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Azani Wan Mustafa
    ;
    Muhajir Ab. Rahim
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    The transition from the conventional vehicle to the autonomous vehicle is going to take place but, the acceptance of users to the autonomous vehicle still lacking. The past research more focusses on the driver attention, drowsiness, fatigue or the alertness of the driver. This research aims to study the drivers' emotions/reactions during the autonomous and manual drive in the simulated environment. The environment for the manual and autonomous drive is developed by using simulator software, Unity. This paper focus only on the experimental setup for the human emotions' detection using EEG signal during the manual and autonomous drive. The Emotiv Epoc+ use for the EEG signal acquisition. The simulated environments are displayed through a Head Mount Display (HMD). The analysis of the EEG signal which includes the pre-processing, feature extraction, and classification will be discussed in future works.
      1  25
  • Publication
    Thermal behaviour of graphene nanoplatelets and multiwalled carbon nanotubes filled-glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composites
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Mohammad Asraf Alif Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Sapuan S.M.
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Shihabudin Ismail
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    The effects of thermal behaviour on graphene nanoplatelets (GP) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (CN) nanofillers of glass fibre (GL)-reinforced epoxy composites were investigated. The paper aims at evaluating, through a single and hybrid carbon-based nanofiller on the thermal stability, mechanical properties, electromechanical properties at elevated temperature, and morphologies of the composites. The nanofillers were dispersed using a mechanical stirrer, Thinky mixer, and ultrasonic probe. Hand lay-up and vacuum bagging techniques were used in the manufacturing of composites. Real-time self-monitoring of the structural damage to the specimens under tensile and flexural tests was performed through electromechanical measurements. Using the GP–CN hybrid in the composite improved the adhesion between the hybrid nanofillers and matrix. The thermal properties of GP–GL, CN–GL, and GP–CN–GL hybrid composites increased with the hybrid nanofiller addition. Mechanical testing at elevated temperatures revealed a higher rate of strength degradation for the 1.5-mass% GP–CN–GL hybrid composite than for a single nanofiller composite. The GP–CN–GL hybrid composites exhibited a more pronounced nonlinear behaviour and lower resistance.
      18  34