Ishak Ibrahim
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Preferred name
Ishak Ibrahim
Official Name
Ibrahim, Ishak
Alternative Name
Ibrahim, I. I.
Ibrahim, I.
Ibrahim, Ismail I
Ibrahim, Ishak
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57204245156
Researcher ID
ABB-6635-2020

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  • Publication
    Parametric investigation on different bone densities to avoid thermal necrosis during bone drilling process
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Suhaimi M.F.F.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mat F.
    Bone drilling is a universal surgical procedure commonly used for internal fracture fixation, implant placement, or reconstructive surgery in orthopedics and dentistry. The increased temperature during such treatment increases the risk of thermal penetration of the bone, which may delay healing or compromise the fixation's integrity. Thus, avoiding penetration during bone drilling is critical to ensuring the implant's stability, which needs surgical drills with an optimized design. Bovine femur and mandible bones are chosen as the work material since human bones are not available, and they are the closest animal bone to human bone in terms of properties. In the present study, the Taguchi fractional factorial approach was used to determine the best design of surgical drills by comparing the drilling properties (i.e., signal-to-noise ratio and temperature rise). The control factors (spindle speed, drill bit diameter, drill site depth, and their levels) were arranged in an L9 orthogonal array. Drilling experiments were done using nine experimental drills with three repetitions. The findings of this study indicate that the ideal values of the surgical drill's three parameters combination (S1D1Di2) and their percentage contribution are dependent on the drilling levels of the parameters. However, the result shows that the spindle speed has the highest temperature effect among other parameters in both (femur and mandible) bones.
  • Publication
    Thermal Management System Analysis Concentrate on Air Forced Cooling for Small Space Compartment and Heat Load
    ( 2021-12-01)
    Yahaya M.N.
    ;
    Ghani A.Z.A.
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Rahman A.A.
    ;
    Bakar S.A.
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Harun A.
    ;
    Hashim M.S.M.
    ;
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Kamarrudin N.S.
    Battery thermal management system (BTMS) plays an important thing as to control of the battery thermal behaviours. Recently, most of the manufacturer either in automobile, motorcycle, and electric vehicle (EV) industry are using this application of BTMS for their product. It is because BTMS promising the extend the period and lifespan of the battery and the battery system controlling the temperature distribution and circulation on the system. Lithium-ion battery is one of the common usages in BTMS. Lithium-ion battery promising the goals such as higher performance, better cycle stability, and improved protection are being followed with the selection and engineering of acceptable electrode materials. It also shows a goal for future such as high of the energy storage due to higher energy density by weight among other rechargeable batteries. However, there still have factor that are limiting the performance/application when using lithium-ion as battery thermal management system (BTMS). For example, the performance, cost, life, and protection of the battery. The main reason is therefore important in order to achieve optimum efficiency whenworking under different conditions. Hence, the best range of temperature and the cooling capacity of lithium-ion battery need to evaluate in order to increasing the lifespan of lithium-ion battery at the same time can increasing the performance of the cell. This study found that the higher the velocity of air, the higher the cooling capacity that gain from the surrounding. It also was strongly related to the dry bulb temperature of surrounding air.
  • Publication
    Determination of effective elastic properties of metal matrix composites with damage particulates using homogenization method
    ( 2017-10-29)
    Halim S.Z.
    ;
    Khairul Salleh Basaruddin
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mohd Shukry Abdul Majid
    ;
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    The present study aims to investigate the effect of micro-damage in particulates metal matrix composite on the elastic properties. The micro damage that perhaps could occurs during manufacturing process or due to environmental effects was modelled in three different types, namely shattered, debonded and breakage particulates with variation of volume fraction. The modelling and analysis were conducted based on homogenization theory by utilizing multiscale finite element software (Voxelxon). The results suggest that the elastic properties of metal matrix composite was sensitive to the geometrical defects of its particle.
  • Publication
    Numerical evaluation of aluminium 6026-T9 fracture toughness
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Zulkifli A.N.
    ;
    Muhamad Safwan Muhamad Azmi
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Hashim M.S.M.
    ;
    Ismail A.H.
    ;
    Mohd Nasir Ayob
    Fracture is the separation of an object into two or more pieces caused by crack growth under the action of applied stress. There are many different methods for fracture evaluation has been made but still lacks information on properties of Aluminium 6026-T9. Aluminium 6026 is non-toxic since it does not contain Tin (Sn) and features a great corrosion resistance. This study focuses on the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of Aluminium 6026-T9. The material is cut and shaped into dog-bone specimens by referring the ASTM E8 and was eventually undergoing a tensile test to evaluate the mechanical properties. A linear elastic analysis of three different crack characteristics which are single edge crack, double edge crack and center crack were performed in Mode I analysis to evaluate its fracture toughness. The stress intensity factor (SIF) value near the crack tip obtained from the simulation process were then compared with analytical value and had been discussed. The percentage of error found that the numerical and analytical values are closed to each other.
  • Publication
    A review of factors influencing peri-implant bone loss
    ( 2021-07-21)
    Muhammad Ikman Ishak
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    ;
    Nurul Najwa Mansor
    Dental implants report high survival rate for the treatment of patients with missing teeth and being one of the undeniable restoration techniques. However, peri-implant bone loss has recently arisen to be the highlight in contemporary implant therapy. Therefore, the possible causes that are detrimental to dental implants and surrounding tissues are important to be discovered. The present review focuses on the current etiologies of peri-implant bone loss and subsequent complications observed in clinical practices. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using the related keywords. The literature reveals numerous etiological factors may initiate the loss of marginal bone in dental implant application: loading protocols, implant body placement, implant macro-design features, implant surface roughness, implantation site preparation, foreign body reaction, implant material particles detachment and contamination, and oral habit. Albeit the biomechanical, biological, or combination of factors are known to contribute in marginal bone resorption, the predictability of treatment modalities to handle the defect remains controversial and unclear. Further clinical trials and sophisticated quantitative assessment would be advantageous to help scrutinize the issue.
  • Publication
    Quantifying the Impact of Drilling Parameters on Temperature Elevation within Bone during the Process of Implant Site Preparation
    ( 2024-04-01)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Kamarrudin N.S.
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Noor S.N.F.M.
    This study aimed to elucidate the influences of several drilling parameters on bone temperature during drilling, as excessive heat generation can cause thermal bone damage and affect post-surgery recovery. In vitro drilling tests were conducted on bovine femoral shaft cortical bone specimens. The parameters considered included tool rotational speed (s), feed rate (f), tool diameter (d), and drill tip angles of 118° and 135°. Drilling temperatures were studied across a range of 800–2000 rpm rotational speeds, 20–40 mm/min feed rates, and 2–4 mm drill diameters. A predictive statistical model was constructed using the response surface methodology (RSM). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 95% confidence level (α = 0.05) revealed that rotational speed significantly impacted temperature increase, contributing to 59.74% of observed temperature rises. Drill diameter accounted for 16.21% of temperature variations, while feed rate contributed to 10.04% of the temperature rises. The study provides valuable insights into the predominant factors affecting bone temperature during drilling. Understanding these parameters and their interplay is pivotal for optimizing drilling conditions and minimizing potential thermal damage to bones.
  • Publication
    Investigating and improving Boeing aircraft composite panel industrial painting issues by designing smart robotic precision painting system
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Azizi Harun
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Fadzilla M.A.
    ;
    Rahman M.F.A.
    ;
    Hamid N.M.F.N.A.
    ;
    Manaf A.A.
    ;
    Rani M.F.H.
    Aerospace Composites Malaysia (ACM) Sdn Bhd produces one of the aircraft components, which is an aircraft composite panel. Currently, the painting of the composite aircraft panel is manually conducted by the high skilled human operator. However, there are several issues of manual painting, which are the precision of the thickness specifications, uneven spray, dust-free, microbubble, colour appearance, and contour of the aircraft composite panel. Consequently, these issues contribute to the aircraft aerodynamic performances, productivity, and index time of the aircraft composite panel's production. Thus, the main objectives are to investigate the human painting mimicking robot incorporated with the existing painting environment. The proposed environment becomes smart precision painting systems. In conclusion, the proposed prototype will overcome the quality issue of aircraft composite panel painting faced by Boeing worldwide aircraft industries. Furthermore, the proposed prototype will increase productivity and contribute to the maintaining of the aircraft's aerodynamic performance.
      2  2
  • Publication
    Investigating the thermal characteristic of copper alloys valve seat towards engine performance enhancement of MODENAS CT115 through steady-state analysis
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Zainol M.A.A.
    ;
    Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Anas Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Azizi Harun
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani
    MODENAS CT115 engine is a single overhead camshaft (SOHC) engine, with a rated power of 8.8 horsepower at 9000 rpm. One of the main concerns of engine research is the overheating of engines. Overheating can affects the performance of an engine by leading to a loss of strength and thermal strain. To prevent failure, thermal analysis is used to determine the flow of heat with precision to optimise temperature distribution. The investigation is done using ANSYS Thermal simulation on the CAD model of the engine cylinder head, intake and exhaust valve, and intake and exhaust valve seat insert. The comparison to the existing valve seat insert is made using three different valve seat insert materials: Beryllium-copper C17200, Bronze-copper C61300, and Brass C36000. The research results proved that Brass C36000 provides the best thermal reduction and heat transfer increment compared to the existing valve seat insert material.
      2  1
  • Publication
    Improvement of Dissolved Oxygen in Perlis River based on Various Aeration Systems
    ( 2021-12-14)
    Muhammad Faiz Hilmi Rani
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Zuradzman Mohamad Razlan
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Anas Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Ibrahim Z.
    ;
    Mohd Khairul Faizi Abd Rahman
    ;
    Mohamad Aniq Syazwan Mohamed Hassan
    ;
    Abd Manap A.A.
    ;
    Zainuddin I.F.
    Water pollution is closely related to the Water Quality Index (WQI). One of the parameters in classifying WQI is dissolved oxygen (DO) that can be improved by introducing the surface and subsurface aerations. Herein, the Perlis River's water quality was investigated by evaluating the DO's improvement based on various aeration systems. The changes of DO (mg/L) and DO improvement (%) were evaluated during both low and high tide conditions. A total of 9 sets of data collection had been studied by comparing base DO (without running of aeration) and measured DO (with running of aeration) of river. The DO sensor was used to measure the changes of DO in the aeration measurement system. Results found that the DO improvement managed to achieve 74.89%, 10.18%, 35.58%, and 52.45% for water jet, air compressor, commercial venturi, and DIY venturi, respectively. Besides, different behaviour of DO's improvement was observed during low and high tide conditions.
      2
  • Publication
    Temperature measurement methods in an experimental setup during bone drilling: A brief review on the comparison of thermocouple and infrared thermography
    ( 2021-12-14)
    Islam M.A.
    ;
    Nur Saifullah Kamarrudin
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Ishak Ibrahim
    ;
    Anas Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Fauziah Che Mat
    Predicting thermal response in orthopedic surgery or dental implantation remains a significant challenge. This study aims to find an effective approach for measuring temperature elevation during a bone drilling experiment by analyzing the existing methods. Traditionally thermocouple has frequently been used to predict the bone temperature in the drilling process. However, several experimental studies demonstrate that the invasive method using thermocouple is impractical in medical conditions and preferred the thermal infrared (IR) camera as a non-invasive method. This work proposes a simplified experimental model that uses the thermocouple to determine temperature rise coupled with the thermal image source approach. Furthermore, our new method provides a significant opportunity to calibrate the thermal IR camera by finding out the undetected heat elevation in a workpiece depth.
      21  6