Now showing 1 - 9 of 9
  • Publication
    Energy absorption and failure behavior of Al/CFRP/GFRP hybrid tubes under quasi-static axial loading
    Fiber metal laminate (FML) is gaining increased interest among researchers in designing thin-walled tubes as an efficient energy absorber. The combination of aluminum tube and fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) as an FML hybrid tube has successfully demonstrated enhanced crashworthiness performance of structures. Previous studies reported FML hybrid tubes employing a single type of FRP composite material as the laminate material. Investigations on the effect of stacking sequences of multiple types of FRP composite as laminate materials are limited and mostly focused on sandwich structures. This study aims to investigate the effect of reinforcement material as a laminate layer and stacking sequences on the crashworthiness characteristics of aluminum-FRP hybrid tubes under quasi-static axial compression loading. The crashworthiness characteristics and the failure behavior of aluminum monolithic tube, aluminum-single FRP material, and aluminum-multi FRP material hybrid tubes are tested and compared. Glass FRP (GFRP) demonstrates great potential as a laminate material for aluminum tube compared with carbon FRP (CFRP). Aluminum-GFRP and aluminum-GFRP-CFRP hybrid tubes exhibit a 26.4 % and 66.9 % increase in energy absorbed, respectively, compared with the monolithic aluminum tube. The specific energy absorption and crushing force efficiency of the aluminum-GFRP-CFRP hybrid tube show minimal reductions of 4.9 % and 6.2 %, respectively. GFRP is the better choice of laminate material for aluminum tubes compared with CFRP. Multiple FRP laminates show a larger crashworthiness enhancement of FRP hybrid tubes in achieving better crashworthiness performance of the energy absorber. These findings imply that the selection and stacking sequences of laminate material are vital in tailoring the performance of the hybrid tubes toward efficient energy absorbers.
      47  3
  • Publication
    Pre- and Post-operative Assessment of Bone with Osteogenesis Imperfecta using Finite Element Analysis: A Review
    Applications of finite element analysis (FEA) to demonstrate the pre-and post-operative conditions of the brittle bone-related disease known as osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has been widely used in the past and at present. The method used to reconstruct the bone model that resemble the OI bone geometry plays an important aspect to accurately represent the bone condition to provide more alternative ways to evaluate surgical intervention options. Other factors such as material properties and boundary conditions also reflect the results of the analysis. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to analyse the approaches of previous studies in terms of model geometry construction, selection of materials properties and boundary conditions to enable a deeper understanding and evaluation of bone fractures in OI patients. The biomechanical design of the intramedullary (IM) rods used in post-operative surgery and the interface between IM rods and bone fragments are also discussed in this review paper.
      5  38
  • Publication
    Effect of Water Absorption on Graphene Nanoplatelet and Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes-impregnated Glass Fibre-Reinforced Epoxy Composites
    In this study, the effect of water uptake on graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-impregnated glass fibre-reinforced epoxy composites was examined. The composite was manufactured using a hand lay-up and vacuum bagging technique. The nanofiller was mixed with epoxy using a mechanical stirrer, high-shear mixer, and ultrasonic probe machine. In situ electromechanical testing was performed on the specimens. The study found that the weight content and type of nanofiller impact the composites' water uptake and mechanical properties. The water uptake of GNP–glass, MWCNT–glass, and GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid composites decrease with the addition of different nanofiller contents. Adding a 1.5 GNP–MWCNT hybrid mixture increased the composite's tensile and flexural strengths to 269.3 and 294.4 MPa, respectively. The GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid composite shows a positive synergy effect on the enhancement of water-ageing with self-sensing ability, while the GNP–glass, MWCNT–glass composites show a less positive effect on water ageing sensing behaviour. The nanofillers dispersion and fracture surface morphological observations were disclosed using a field emission scanning electron microscope. The results established that the GNP–MWCNT–glass hybrid exhibits good potential for in situ damage monitoring of composites and can support their development and application as a smart material.
      6  22
  • Publication
    Finite element analysis of proximal femur in sideways fall under quasi-static loading
    Many researchers have investigated femur fractures using 3D models created with finite element (FE) software; however, these models need validation. Cadavers are used in experiments to validate the FE model. Nevertheless, there are several restrictions and obstacles to experimenting on the cadaver femur bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of loading direction on the stress distribution and fracture risk of a proximal femur bone under quasi-static loading in a sideways fall condition. A validated 3D FE model of the proximal femur was developed by employing the results obtained from a quasi-static experimental test. Instead of cadaver, 3D-printed proximal femur bone was used. Various fall loading configurations were used to simulate a sideways fall with inclination angles from 0° to 20° and rotational angles from −15° to 15°. The highest von Mises stress is due to sideways falls distributed in the femur neck region. This study provides new information on FE model construction and medical FE analysis.
      1  24
  • Publication
    Biomechanical Overloading Factors Influencing the Failure of Dental Implants: A Review
    (Springer Science and Business Media, 2022-01-01) ; ; ; ;
    Mansor N.N.
    The increasing popularity of dental implants has led to an increase in the number of late implant failures. Although the failure of dental implants is rare, it produces a challenging clinical situation. Thus, the scope of causes that is detrimental to dental implants and peri-implant tissues is important to be explored. Inadequate forces resulting from occlusion may cause complications that leading to implant failure. It is found that the mechanical-related contributing factors (biomechanical overloading) significantly affect the implant persistence as compared to the biological factors. The present review, therefore, emphasises the causes of the overloaded dental implants and technical complications in clinical scenarios. A comprehensive search was performed via ScienceDirect, Scopus and PubMed databases using the related keywords. The literature indicates various factors could trigger biomechanical overloading and promote the occurrence of implant failures: parafunctional habits, implant diameter, length, thread shape and material and implant-abutment connection. The relationship between these factors and implant longevity is still controversial, with further randomised clinical trials and advanced quantitative assessments are required to help elucidate this issue.
      2  2
  • Publication
    Cure Behaviour and Tensile Properties of Pineapple Leaf Fibre Reinforced Natural Rubber Composites
    Short natural fibres replace synthetic fibres as filler in natural rubber (NR) as they are environmentally beneficial and sustainable. This study investigates the cure behaviour and tensile properties of pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) reinforced NR composites at various fibre contents. The fibre contents are varied at 0, 10, 20 and 30 parts per hundred rubber (phr). PALF reinforced NR composites are prepared using a two-roll mill. Surface morphology of tensile fractured specimens is examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that the optimum cure time decreases significantly with greater fibre content. The hardness value increases gradually with increasing filler content. The stress-strain graphs show an increasing trend in stress at higher fibre content particularly at low strain regions. On the contrary, the tensile strength reduces when the fibre content is increased up to 30 phr. SEM analysis reveals that the fibre-matrix adhesion is considerably poor due to the fibre pullout phenomenon observed. It is indicated that higher fibre content could be possibly reinforced to NR to achieve high deformation stress at incredibly low strain regions.
      32  3
  • Publication
    A review of factors influencing peri-implant bone loss
    Dental implants report high survival rate for the treatment of patients with missing teeth and being one of the undeniable restoration techniques. However, peri-implant bone loss has recently arisen to be the highlight in contemporary implant therapy. Therefore, the possible causes that are detrimental to dental implants and surrounding tissues are important to be discovered. The present review focuses on the current etiologies of peri-implant bone loss and subsequent complications observed in clinical practices. A comprehensive literature search was conducted via PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases using the related keywords. The literature reveals numerous etiological factors may initiate the loss of marginal bone in dental implant application: loading protocols, implant body placement, implant macro-design features, implant surface roughness, implantation site preparation, foreign body reaction, implant material particles detachment and contamination, and oral habit. Albeit the biomechanical, biological, or combination of factors are known to contribute in marginal bone resorption, the predictability of treatment modalities to handle the defect remains controversial and unclear. Further clinical trials and sophisticated quantitative assessment would be advantageous to help scrutinize the issue.
      31  2
  • Publication
    Fracture behavior of intermetallic compound (IMC) of solder joints based on finite elements’ simulation result
    ( 2017-01-01)
    Eang Pang Ooi
    ;
    ; ; ;
    Sulaiman M.H.
    ;
    ; ;
    Ahmad Kamal Ariffin
    The development of microelectronic industry has made solder joints failure a major reliability issue. From literature, many researchers have identified that intermetallic compounds (IMC) layer contribute greatly to the fracture of solder joint. This paper presents a finite element modeling of solder butt joints IMC layer failure based on displacement extrapolation method (DEM). Conceptual study on single edge crack of IMC solder joints is presented. A FE analytical model is proposed to be used in difference range of crack length to understand the fracture behavior of solder joint of IMC layer. The simulation results show that soldering material become less tough if greater crack length is present in the joint. It also seen that the thicker IMC has slightly reduced the stress intensity factor on the crack tip but the change from solder to IMC layer decrease the solder joint fracture toughness.
      1  33
  • Publication
    Synthesis and Characterization of Composite Film Based on Cellulose of Napier Grass Incorporated with Chitosan and Gelatine for Packaging Material
    ( 2023-05-01)
    Rohadi T.N.T.
    ;
    ; ;
    Azizan A.
    ;
    ;
    Sapuan S.M.
    Mitigating environmental pollution, which adversely affects humans, wildlife, and habitat, has been attracting increasing attention worldwide, especially with reference to the importance of using composite films. In this study, composite films consisting of cellulose, chitosan, and gelatine were analysed and characterized. It was fabricated via a solution casting method. The cellulose extracted from the whole stem, cortex, and pith of Napier grass with 4, 8, 12, and 16% alkali concentrations were used to produce the composite films. Based on the thermogravimetric analysis, mechanical analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, it was confirmed that the interaction of cellulose of Napier grass, chitosan and gelatine had improve the thermal behaviour, strength, composition, crystallinity, and morphology of composite films. The composite films using 8% alkali-treated cellulose from the whole stem had an ordered structure with 2θ = 22.68°. Furthermore, it contained the highest final residue (74.85%) and tensile strength of 4.58 ± 0.373 MPa.
      26  1