Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
  • Publication
    Effect of zinc addition on the performance of aluminium alloy sacrificial anode for marine application
    In this work, the effect of zinc addition on the performance of aluminum-based sacrificial anode in seawater was investigated. The parameters used in assessing the performance of the cast anodes are anodic efficiency, protection efficiency and polarized potential. The content of zinc in the anodes was varied after die casting. The alloys produced were tested as sacrificial anode for the protection of mild steel for marine application at room temperature. Factors such as reactivity of zinc particles in the seawater, corrosion activity during the period of experiment, pH of seawater and the electronegativity potential of zinc were collected for analysis. Overall findings shows addition of zinc increases rate of corrosion to the sacrificial anode and the protection offered by the sacrificial anodes measured and collected in PIT shows the seawater react to sacrificial anode and no porosity reaction between the anodes. The microstructure showed the intermetallic structures of β-phase which breakdown the alumina passive film, thus enhancing the anode efficiency.
  • Publication
    The Characterization Techniques of Nanomaterials
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Shafie M.H.
    ;
    Shamsudin M.S.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    ;
    Abd Aziz M.H.
    ;
    Nasir A.M.
    In industries, including water treatment, catalysis, oil refining, sensors, food, energy storage, construction materials, and many others, a great deal of investigation has been undertaken on the application of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with remarkable capabilities; however, when released into the environment, certain nanoparticles and nanomaterials may display detrimental features. Identification and characterization of nanoparticles need additional insight into physicochemical attributes and testing procedures compared to conventional compounds. In addition, regulating considerations for chemicals are generally based on particular toxicological characteristics that might not be exactly equivalent to those of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, regulatory authorities lack an authorized decision framework for nanomaterials that relates the significance of particular physicochemical indicators to toxicological consequences. This chapter addresses several physicochemical parameters and accessible testing techniques for nanomaterials. It provides a summary of the statutory implications and procedures used for evaluating nanomaterials, as well as approaches from the previous research, and evaluates the appropriateness and applicability restrictions of the techniques.
  • Publication
    Electrospinning parameters evaluation of PVDF-ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O composite nanofiber affect on porosity by using response surface methodology
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Rosman N.
    ;
    Wan Salleh W.N.
    ;
    ;
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Ismail N.H.
    ;
    Jaafar J.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    ;
    Ismail A.F.
    The electrospinning process is a very important technique for fabricating polymeric nanofibers by applying external electrostatic forces. This study reports on the modeling of the electrospinning process of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and the immobilized ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O using response surface methodology (RSM) based on the central composite design (CCD). The individual and interaction effects of the most effective variables, such as applied voltage (6.5, 8 and 9.5 kV), nozzle-collector distance (10, 12.5 and 15 cm) and ZnO/Ag2CO3/Ag2O photocatalyst concentration (0.1, 0.8 and 1.5 g), have been evaluated on the porosity response of the nanofiber. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) confirmed that the spinning voltage was the main variable affecting the average porosity of the composite PVDF nanofiber. The regression coefficient between the variables and the mean porosity (R2= 0.8321) indicates acceptable evaluation of experimental data by quadratic polynomial regression.
  • Publication
    Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
    The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
  • Publication
    The emergence of adsorptive membrane treatment for pollutants removal – A mini bibliometric analysis study
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Abd Aziz M.H.
    ;
    Owing to its toxic and cancer-causing consequences on living organisms, water pollution has garnered worldwide attention. As a result of the severe global drinking water shortages caused by the presence of several contaminants in water sources, a variety of treatment methods have been developed. Among accessible removal methods, adsorptive removal by adsorbents including metal–organic frameworks (MOF), metal oxide, carbon-based substances, and zeolite has garnered a great deal of interest because of their abundance of functional groups, relatively large surface area, great chemical and thermal resistance, and excellent adsorption efficiency. Due to their outstanding efficacy and proficiency in the water treatment process, adsorptive membranes are regarded as one of the most advantageous and promising solutions for wastewater reuse technologies. The combination of adsorption and membrane filtration processes, which are characterized by rapid adsorption–desorption volumes, relatively low diffusion impedance, and high flow rates, has garnered considerable interest in recent years. In this study, a bibliometric analysis was undertaken to utilize the Scopus database to find and appreciate the global current status of research on the adsorptive membranes process based on four principal analyses: growth patterns, keyword co-occurrence, topic area, and most cited references. Using the VOSviewer program, a total of 276 Scopus article records published between 1973 and 2021 were extracted and used as input for bibliometric analysis. Since 2016, there have been a large number of articles on adsorptive membranes, and by 2020 there will have been around 40 publications. On the basis of keywords, the principal topics of study in adsorptive membranes may be divided into three clusters: adsorption, membrane studies, and adsorption performance. These bibliometric data provide researchers and business professionals interested in the technology of adsorptive membranes with helpful resources and information on the current research directions of adsorptive membranes.
  • Publication
    Biomechanical assessment of different surgical approaches of zygomatic implant placement on prosthesis stress
    The treatment of severely atrophic posterior maxillae without bone augmentation by using zygomatic implants has received a major attention in prosthodontics due to great implant survival rates. However, mechanical implant system failures were still reported irrespective of surgical techniques used for zygomatic implant placement. Two main prominent approaches, the intrasinus and extramaxillary possess their own advantages and drawbacks with no particular indication found, to date, to highlight the best technique in relation to prosthesis stress. Thus, this study emphasised on the computational evaluation of both approaches with regards to the prosthesis responses. Two sets of finite element models comprising bones, soft tissue, implants, abutments, and prosthesis were prepared accordingly. The models were then assigned with the material properties, contact modelling, and loadings as closely as possible with the real conditions. The results showed that the extramaxillary technique reported a more promising maximum stress value and distribution within the prosthesis than the intrasinus. Moreover, the prostheses in both approaches seemed to have a low tendency to failure as the stress levels were significantly less than the stress limit of the material.
  • Publication
    Novel hydroxyapatite-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste cow bone for textile wastewater treatment
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    ;
    Tai Z.S.
    ;
    ;
    Yusuf N.K.
    ;
    Ahmad AA.
    ;
    Rahman M.A.
    ;
    Jaafar J.
    ;
    Kadir S.H.S.A.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    Industrial textile wastewater is toxic due to the presence of recalcitrant color pigments and poisonous heavy metals. In this study, the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membranes (h-bio-CHFM) were developed via the combined phase inversion and sintering technique. It was found that the properties of the developed h-bio-CHFMs were greatly affected by the HAp content of the ceramic suspension, and sintering temperature. The h-bio-CHFM with the sintering temperature of 1200 °C exhibited the long rod-shaped HAp particles and the smallest pore size (0.013 μm). High removals of color (99.9%), COD (80.1%), turbidity (99.4%) and conductivity (30.1%) were achieved using the h-bio-CHFM sintered at 1200 °C with stable high flux of 88.3 L/m2h. Remarkably, the h-bio-CHFM sintered in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C also demonstrated excellent adsorption ability towards heavy metals with 100% removals. The results of this study show the potential of the h-bio-CHFM for the efficient industrial textile wastewater treatment applications.
  • Publication
    Effect of sintering temperature on composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Kamarudin S.N.
    ;
    ;
    Rasman S.N.S.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Pauzan M.A.B.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    A modern application of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin has been developed in wastewater treatment. The common fabrication method, a process that combined both phase inversion and sintering technique was used to fabricate the membranes. The hollow fibers membrane were developed using the spinning process by using a dope that have ratio of 20:20 (kaolin:cow bone hydroxyapatite). The sintering temperature that used in this study are 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃ and 1300 ℃. The effect of sintering temperature on hollow fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-point bending and pure water flux. The results showed that the hollow fibre membrane sintered at 1200 ℃ showed a unique membrane’s morphology, the highest mechanical strength (13.33 Mpa) and a stable pure water flux (140.6 L/m2h).
  • Publication
    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Simulation on Mixing in T-Shaped Micromixer
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Ahmad Termizi S.N.A.
    ;
    ; ;
    Ahmad N.
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation used to analyse the fluid mixing in micromixer. There are two cases of miscible liquids that involved within T-shaped micromixer which are ethanol-water and glycerol-water. The T-shaped micromixer consist of micro channel with two inlets channels and one outlet channel was constructed by using AutoCAD software. The effect of inlet velocity and width size toward mixing intensity were investigated. The mixing intensity values determine either good or bad mixing quality could be achieved. In this simulation, at low inlet velocity indicates good mixing quality as the mixing intensity value approaching to one. Whereas the effect of width size on mixing intensity are almost similar throughout simulated width sizes. Mixing intensity for the two cases of diffusion coefficient showed similar trend for different inlet velocity and width size of mixing channel.
  • Publication
    Novel ceramic hollow fibre membranes contactor derived from kaolin and zirconia for ammonia removal and recovery from synthetic ammonia
    ( 2021-11-15)
    Pauzan M.A.B.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Mohamad Kamal S.N.E.A.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    ;
    Puteh M.H.
    ;
    Kurniawan T.A.
    ;
    Abu Bakar S.
    ;
    Abdullah H.
    ;
    ;
    Naim R.
    ;
    Sheikh Abdul Kadir S.H.
    The adverse effects of ammonia found in wastewater streams lead to the development of advanced water treatment technology, i.e. membrane contactor (MC). In this study, single layer hollow fibre membrane (SLZK) and dual layer hollow fibre membrane (DLZK) were prepared from zirconia and kaolin and modified into hydrophobic membrane through simple grafting process via fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) agent. The properties of membranes such as morphology, surface roughness, mechanical strength, wettability and liquid entry pressure were analysed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), 3-point bending strength, contact angle and LEPw setup. Finally, the performance of the membranes was also investigated towards ammonia removal via membrane contactor system. Our findings showed that hydrophobicity properties significantly improved for both SLZK and DLZK membranes after grafting modification process as indicated by the increase of contact angle value from 5° and 1° to 132.7° and ~180.0° respectively. Based on the morphological analysis, the surface of DLZK showed more porous structure as compared to the SLZK. In addition, DLZK also displayed the highest mechanical strength and contact angle reading of 125 MPa and ~180° respectively. This suggests that the DLZK showed an excellent membrane contactor performance with highest value of mass transfer coefficient (3.77 x 10-5 ms-1) and almost complete removal of ammonia removal (91%). Overall, these results implied that dual layer ceramic membrane developed from kaolin and zirconia could provide the basis for the development of alternative ceramic membrane with excellent properties for membrane contactor system.