Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
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Preferred name
Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
Official Name
Siti Nor Azreen, Ahmad Termizi
Alternative Name
Ahmad Termizi, S. N.A.
Termizi, S. N.A.Ahmad
Termizi, Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
57000566700
Researcher ID
GXA-2631-2022

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  • Publication
    Kinetics Analysis on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Copper Oxide Doped Aluminium Oxide (CuO/Al2O3) Catalyst
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Zin A.M.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
    ;
    Izhar N.I.I.N.
    This study focuses on dynamic non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) with copper oxide doped aluminium oxide (CuO/Al2O3) at linear ramp rates of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 Cmin-1 at pyrolysis temperature of 28-1000 C in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The thermogravimetric profiles for the thermochemical breakdown of EFB under non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis with CuO/Al2O3 comprise of three different levels. The kinetics analysis for the reactions were evaluated using the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The values of activation energy (Ea) for non-catalytic EFB pyrolysis were 167.95 and 177.68 kJmol-1 based on Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. For catalytic pyrolysis with approximately 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst, the values of Ea reduced to 127.72 and 137.42 kJmol-1 by Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. These values indicate that the presence of 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst has successfully reduced Ea value for the EFB pyrolysis reaction.
  • Publication
    Numerical Simulation of Biodiesel Synthesis in T- Channel Microreactor
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Syafiqah Binti Mohd Aris N.
    ;
    Muhammad Ikman Ishak
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    Biodiesel promising as an alternative to the diesel. The transesterification reaction process involved the reaction of triglyceride with alcohol in the presence of catalyst. In the research, the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method was used to simulate the transesterification reaction process. The inlet pressure range from 0.0001 Pa to 0.01 Pa, temperature of 25°C, 50°C, 75°C and the molar ratio at 6:1, 9:1 were used to investigate their effect of toward the biodiesel conversion. Finding shows that high conversion of biodiesel occurred at low inlet pressure of 0.001 Pa with temperature of 50°C and the ethanol to oil molar ratio at 9:1.
  • Publication
    Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on mixing in Y-shaped micromixer
    ( 2020-11-02)
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Pouzay M.F.B.M.
    Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used to analyse the mixing process inY-shaped micromixer. This study used two different species which is ethanol/water and glycerol/water to see the differences of mixing quality between them based on their diffusion coefficient. The effect of the inlet velocity and mixing angle towards the mixing intensity in the Y-shaped micromixer were investigated via COMSOL Multiphysics software. Mixing intensity quantify the mixing performance is good or bad for every parameter simulated. The finding shows that the lower the inlet velocity, the higher the mixing intensity across the micromixer. The good mixing quality was at inlet velocity of 0.0001m/s while the ideal mixing angle was 90° degree. However, the mixing quality in term of diffusion coefficient, ethanol/water and glycerol/water shows insignificant differences.
  • Publication
    Blockchain-Based Transaction Data Structure Design for Process Integration and Industrial Symbiosis System
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Chin H.H.
    ;
    Varbanov P.S.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Alwi S.R.W.
    ;
    Manan Z.A.
    Industrial Symbiosis (IS) and Process Integration (PI) are important activities with the potential to save resource intake and environmental footprints. Process Integration has been done theoretically and in practice for several decades but is still missing an efficient tool for multi-actor documentation and information preservation. The current paper sets out to develop data structures and tool prototypes for data preservation and transaction recording in process designs and Industrial Symbiosis (IS) to support the advancement of decentralised information tracking. The blockchain concept is utilised in this paper, where the information on the key properties of the streams and process stages can be stored in a secured block, and the transaction of resources can be dealt with using the information from the chain of blocks. Each block can represent the actors of the process in the IS, and an actor can request to join the blockchain by mining the blocks and going through the Proof-of- Work (PoW) verification of the new block. This paper introduces several terms to formulate a proper blockchain to store the information and showcase a simple simulation of adding/removing blocks for an IS system. The illustrative case study demonstrates that the method can evaluate Industrial Symbiosis and Process Integration solutions and track the key properties of the streams and process stages, costs, revenues, and environmental footprints.
  • Publication
    Agent-Based Modelling Analysis on the Potential Economic Benefits of Mud Cake Waste to Wealth
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Alwi S.R.W.
    ;
    Manan Z.A.
    ;
    Varbanov P.S.
    Production of refined sugar generates a significant amount of mud cake waste which has traditionally been managed through disposal in landfills. Such practice is not sustainable and can have negative environmental impacts. While previous research has primarily focused on evaluating the environmental and economic impacts of bagasse, less attention has been given to mud cake waste. By applying the waste-to-wealth concept and promoting a circular economy, this study aims to evaluate the potential economic benefits of using mud cake waste as an alternative raw material in cement production. To assess the potential economic benefits, the study employs an agent-based modelling analysis that simulates the actions and interactions of multiple agents. The results of the analysis demonstrate the potential economic benefits of mud cake waste exchange for both sugar producers and cement manufacturers. The concept of a win-win scenario is emphasized, where both parties share an equal amount of exchange costs and reap mutual benefits in cost savings, improved resource efficiency, and reduced environmental impacts by reducing the amount of waste being disposed of to the landfill.
  • Publication
    Effect of heat sink design on the thermal characteristic in computational fluid dynamics analysis
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Kee W.C.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    The thermal management in the electronic device or system using the heat sink is important to ensure the device or system operating under the allowable temperature. The present study aims to investigate the thermal characteristic (i.e., temperature distribution) of the various heat sink designs via computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The electronic cooling process of the heat sink is carried out via CFD software. The temperature distribution of the various heat sink designs (i.e., plate fin, circular pin fin and rectangular fin) was analyzed and compared. The CFD analysis revealed the plate fin heat sink has lowest temperature distribution on the fin region. High temperature distribution was observed on the pin fin heat sink. The non-uniform temperature distribution was attributed by the direction of inlet airflow, whereas the low temperature was found in the region that close to the inlet airflow. Thus, the research findings indicated the design of heat sink significantly affects the temperature distribution during the electronic cooling process.
  • Publication
    Conceptual Design Selection of Motorcycle Handle Brake Lever Component by TRIZ and Simulation
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Chong C.S.
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    The fuel consumption of vehicles can be affected by the weight of the vehicle. Trending on replacing the metal part or product with lighter composite material has emerged. By using polymer composite instead of metal material in producing an automotive component, the total weight of the vehicle will be reduced. This research aims to develop the conceptual designs of new lighter weight motorcycle handle brake lever by integrating Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) and FEA simulation. This research generates the best concept design based on user needs and product design specifications. TRIZ contradiction matrix and 40 inventive principles solution were applied in the early solution generation stage. The principle solution parameters for the specific design features were later refined using Morphological Chart to systematically develop numbers of concept design. After numbers of significant FEA simulation, decision-making processes are performed in selecting the most appropriate concept design. A design was selected as the best conceptual design as it has scored the highest in the concept rating. This research proves the significant contribution of integrating TRIZ and FEA simulation that will benefit the industry in conceptual design phase of producing a new product.
  • Publication
    Simulation-based optimization of plastic injection molding parameters for mini centrifugal pump body using response surface methodology
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Fahim F.
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    Control parameters of the injection molding and fabrication process are essential to the success of any micro-molding product fabrication. The goal of the study is to simulate and optimise the parameter for the plastic mini micro centrifugal pump body by using Response Surface Methodology. The material for this micro part is Polyphenylene Sulphide (PPS). This study is also investigating the impact of design parameters and processing parameters on the quality of a plastic moulded part to obtain optimal response and meets the requirement specification. The control factors chosen for this study are melting temperature, cooling time and injection pressure. Based on the complex shape of the body part of mini micro pump, volumetric shrinkage and warpage are selected as the essential quality that needs to be controlled. The selected processing parameter are melting temperature, cooling time and injection pressure. As a result, the optimum values suggested by the software are melt temperature of 315.98 C, cooling time of 362s and injection pressure of 62MPa. With small differences error value between solution and simulation, 0.27% for volumetric shrinkage and 0.19% for warpage, the result was acceptable.
  • Publication
    Multi Response Optimization of Injection Molding Parameters for Artificial Phalanx Bone Using Response Surface Methodology
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Zainal S.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    Unintended features of the injected part may affect the quality of the product. The present study aims to optimize the injection molding parameters and minimize the shrinkage and sink marks for artificial phalanx bone of the index finger via response surface methodology (RSM). The injection molding process was numerically simulated by the software. The combination of the process parameters was designed by Central Composite Design (CCD) in RSM. Three important process parameters were considered, which are melting temperature, cooling time and injection pressure. Meanwhile, two responses (i.e., volumetric shrinkage and sink marks) were considered in the multi-objective optimization. Regression model, ANOVA analysis and perturbation plot analysis were also highlighted in this study. The simulation results revealed two most significant factors towards the responses and the optimum setting of process parameters were recommended to minimize the shrinkage and sink marks of the injected artificial phalanx bone. The optimum injection molding process parameters are 240 °C of melting temperature, 40 s of cooling time and 12 MPa of injection pressure. The optimized results are expected to be used as the reference in the fabrication of the artificial phalanx bone via injection molding.
  • Publication
    Simulation Based Optimization of Shrinkage in Injection Molding Process for Lamp Holder via Taguchi Method
    ( 2021-01-01)
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Mohd Al-Hafiz Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Ishak M.I.
    ;
    Low B.A.
    ;
    Rosli M.U.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    Defect minimization is important in any injection molding process in order to ensure the quality of the injected part or product. The aims of the present study are to determine the optimum processing parameters and to identify the most significant factor during the injection molding process for the lamp holder via Taguchi method. The numerical simulation analysis of injection molding process was carried out by software. The set of numerical simulation for different parameters was designed by L18 Orthogonal array. Six process parameters were considered, which are melting temperature, injection time, cooling time, filling time, injection pressure and filling pressure. The main response of the study is volumetric shrinkage. Main effect and ANOVA analysis were also highlighted in this study. Filling pressure and melting temperature are the most significant factor in the injection molding process of the lamp holder. The present study revealed the setting of process parameters (i.e., 334 °C melting temperature, 0.16 s of injection time, cooling time with 50, 20 s of filling time, 18.65 MPa of injection pressure and 90 MPa of filling pressure) yield the optimum quality of the lamp holder.