Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
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Preferred name
Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
Official Name
Nor Azura Malini, Ahmad Hambali
Alternative Name
Hambali, N. A. M. Ahmad
Hambali, N. A. M. A.
Hambali, Nor Azura Malini Ahmad
Idris, N. A.
Hambali, N. Azura M. Ahmad
Main Affiliation
Scopus Author ID
27567626900
Researcher ID
JFK-8606-2023

Research Output

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  • Publication
    Remazol orange dye sensitized solar cell
    ( 2017-01-03)
    Siti Salwa Mat Isa
    ;
    Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Muda M.R.
    ;
    Shahrir Rizal Kasjoo
    ;
    Muammar Mohamad Isa
    ;
    Nurul Izza Mohd Nor
    ;
    Norhawati Ahmad
    ;
    Nazuhusna Khalid
    ;
    Nur M. Selamat
    ;
    Nur Asyikin Mohd Anhar
    Water based Remazol Orange was utilized as the dye sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cell. The annealing temperature of TiO2 working electrode was set at 450 °C. The performance of the device was investigated between dye concentrations of 0.25 mM and 2.5 mM at three different immersion times (3, 12 and 24 hours). The adsorption peak of the dye sensitizer was evaluated using UV-Vis-Nir and the device performance was tested using solar cell simulator. The results show that the performance was increased at higher dye concentration and longer immersion time. The best device performance was obtained at 0.2% for dye concentration of 2.5 mM immersed at 24 hours.
  • Publication
    Characterization of all-optical Tofolli and Peres gates employing optimized SOA-NOLM
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Nur Hafizah Ghazali
    ;
    Mohamad Halim Abd. Wahid
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Nurjuliana Juhari
    ;
    Zahari S.M.
    ;
    Shahimin M.M.
    In this work, all-optical reversible gates namely Tofolli and Peres are studied and characterized. The gates utilize semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in nonlinear loop optical mirror (NOLM). The reversible gates are performed at data rate 10 Gb/s with narrow Gaussian pulses as input signals. Delay of 130 ps and injection current of 170 mA have displayed the optimum outputs in the SOA-NOLM. Extinction ratio is greatly reduced, thus less noise interferes the logic operation in this simple technique. It is observed that Peres gate has shown a higher output power compare to Toffoli gate. This could be due to multiple amplification that are experienced by the signals. Other than the gain, injection current and delay are shown to give major effect in producing the correct bits at the outputs. The SOA-NOLM also can be cascaded for other arithmetic signal processing operation at high frequency. It is also recorded that the design consumes low power especially in small signal gain process. Thus, the design indicates its versatility to be executed in photonic integrated circuits for ultrafast signal control through fiber networks.
  • Publication
    The production of Malaysia bamboo charcoal (Gigantochloa albociliata) as the potential absorbent
    ( 2017-09-26)
    Siti Salwa Mat Isa
    ;
    Muhammad M. Ramli
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad
    Bamboo charcoal was successfully carbonized at 500 °C and 800 °C using Malaysia buluh madu (Gigantochloa albociliata). Structural analysis was done using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) in two different solvents; ethanol and DI water. The functional groups of bamboo charcoal were confirmed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The adsorption property of bamboo charcoal solution was investigated at different concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.7 mg/mL, using methylene blue test and characterized using UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Based on the adsorption investigation, it shows that the adsorption was increased as the concentration increased. It was also shown that at higher temperature and longer duration time, the adsorption process is improved.
  • Publication
    UWB triplet and quadruplet pulses generation employs nonlinear effect in semiconductor optical amplifier nonlinear loop mirror
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Zahari, Suhaila Mohd
    ;
    Mohamad Halim Abd. Wahid
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Nurjuliana Juhari
    ;
    Ghazali N.F.
    ;
    Shahimin M.M.
    Ultrawideband (UWB) triplet and quadruplet pulses generation exploits nonlinear effect in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) in nonlinear loop mirror (NOLM) is investigated in this work. Two signals are transmitted through the SOA-NOLM simultaneously to create cross-phase modulation (XPM) effect. Firstly, the XPM causes the production of doublet which later combines for creation of triplet and quadruplet. This technique engages a proper tuning of optical delay and a selection of suitable power in all loops. Besides, injection current of the SOAs also governs the formation of these pulses. Although, frequency of the signals can be varied accordingly, the pulses are limited to certain adjustment that shifted its position in time domain. Furthermore, the set up can also be assessed for monocycle and doublet pulses by extracting the output at several positions. It can be concluded that the design may work as multiple pulses generation. All pulses are examined and compared with their electrical spectrum counterpart for validity of this approach.
  • Publication
    Critical analysis of stability and performance of organometal halide perovskite solar cells via various fabrication method (Review)
    ( 2017)
    Suriati Suhaimi
    ;
    Zaliman Sauli
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Mohamad Halim Abd. Wahid
    ;
    Vithyacharan Retnasamy
    ;
    Mukhzeer Mohamad Shahimin
    Organometal halide perovskite solar cells (Omh-PSCs) have attracted attention due to its unique electrical and optical properties. Ideally, the Omh-PSCs should remain free from degradation under normal operating conditions for several years, preferably tens of years. In order to produce high power conversion efficiency with low potential of degradation, different fabrication methods have been developed. The reported stability of perovskite films can vary significantly and reported to decay substantially up to 20% of its original performance. A thorough understanding of fabrication process upon the stability of the device is regarded as crucial to pave the way for future endeavors. This review summarized and highlighted the recent research of fabrication methods that gave an impact to the stability of perovskite devices.
  • Publication
    Geometrical optimization of lithium niobate on insulator rib waveguide for quantum communication application
    (AIP Publishing, 2020)
    Nor Roshidah Yusof
    ;
    Norshamsuri Ali @ Hasim
    ;
    P. Kolenderski
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid
    Recently, thin film Lithium niobate has been recognized as an alternative material to silicon based technology due to its capability to support a broader range for quantum communication system. With the aim to operate within single photon application, we demonstrate the mode distribution, propagation constant and effective refractive indices of the Lithium Niobate on Insulator rib waveguide which operates at both fundamental wavelength, 1550 nm and second harmonic wavelength, 775 nm, respectively by using Finite Element Method. The etched depth and width of the core was varied from 340 to 400 nm and 700 to 1400 nm, respectively with the thickness of slab is fixed at 100 nm. From the result, it shows the effective refractive index increases gradually with the increment of etched depth and width of core, respectively. At second harmonic wavelength, the effective refractive indices and propagation constant shows a significant increment compare to observation at 1550 nm with an ability to produce both fundamental mode and first order mode across the structure.
  • Publication
    FPGA based Quantum Key Distribution Electronic System for Multipurpose Optical Setup and Protocols
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Aseri N.S.M.
    ;
    Ali N.
    ;
    Yusof N.R.
    ;
    Endut R.
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Mohd Faidz Mohamad Shahimin
    ;
    Mohd Rashidi Che Beson
    ;
    Syed Alwee Aljunid Syed Junid
    The purpose of the FPGA electronic control system for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) is to improve the analog electronic system in optoelectronic conversion. In the existence of the Mezzanine FPGA board, the main conversion of optical laser signal and optical detector signal can be improved. Mezzanine board can reduce the noise errors during the transmission and receiving a signal. Commonly, the optical signal needs to interface with an analog electronic system. This process requires the conversion process and interfacing with a digital signal to control the optical device and produce a good quality optical signal. The Mezzanine board can reduce the uncertainty during signal conversion and gives the digital capability to control the optical devices. The optical modulation signal for phase modulator control can achieve a full complete phase shift in the Mezzanine board. Plus, the voltage phase has capability up to 10 V with an accuracy of 2.4 µV. The time conversion for phase modulator can be extended in the Mezzanine board based on the digital control signal from FPGA. The system is capable to extend into multiple timing control to handle all the signal and to synchronize the signal in receiving, transmission or in between of the transmission. Thus, the system can handle one way or two-way QKD system accordingly.
      12  17
  • Publication
    Digital fringe projection for hand surface coordinate variation analysis caused by osteoarthritis
    ( 2017)
    Wan Mokhdzani Wan Nor Haimi
    ;
    Cheek Hau Tan
    ;
    Vithyacharan Retnasamy
    ;
    Rajendaran Vairavan
    ;
    Muhammad Hafiz Ab Aziz
    ;
    Zaliman Sauli
    ;
    Nor Roshidah Yusof
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Ahmad Syahir Ahmad Bakhit
    Hand osteoarthritis is one of the most common forms of arthritis which impact millions of people worldwide. The disabling problem occurs when the protective cartilage on the boundaries of bones wear off over time. Currently, in order to identify hand osteoarthritis, special instruments namely X-ray scanning and MRI are used for the detection but it also has its limitations such as radiation exposure and can be quite costly. In this work, an optical metrology system based on digital fringe projection which comprises of an LCD projector, CCD camera and a personal computer has been developed to anticipate abnormal growth or deformation on the joints of the hand which are common symptoms of osteoarthritis. The main concept of this optical metrology system is to apply structured light as imaging source for surface change detection. The imaging source utilizes fringe patterns generated by C++ programming and is shifted by 3 phase shifts based on the 3 steps 2 shifts method. Phase wrapping technique and analysis were applied in order to detect the deformation of live subjects. The result has demonstrated a successful method of hand deformation detection based on the pixel tracking differences of a normal and deformed state.
      3  17
  • Publication
    Optimization of wireless power transfer using artificial neural network: A review
    ( 2020-02-01)
    Azuwa Ali
    ;
    Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin
    ;
    Muzammil Jusoh
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Siti Rafidah Abdul Rahim
    Wireless power transfer (WPT) is widely explored and applied nowadays because of its simplicity in transferring power without using wire, easy maintenance, and equipment mobility. Due to mobility and compatibility attributes, WPT is utilized in powering biomedical devices, small electronic equipment, wireless sensor, mobile phones, and high voltage applications (eg, electric vehicles). The implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) in WPT has emerged as a powerful/prominent tool for estimating the performance parameters due to its learning and significant features. Such implementation can minimize design complexity and time-consuming calculations. An early application of ANN employs the information derived from the collectively measured processes for training the ANN algorithm. After a suitable training process, the network output can be considered in place of computationally thorough representations to speed up the result search. To obtain precise result and optimize the parameters in WPT, several popular ANN algorithms have been used by researchers. This review paper highlighted the latest research specifically regarding the implementation of ANN in WPT, which included the types of ANN implemented in WPT, current WPT problem investigation that used ANN, and a comparison between the techniques. Moreover, the challenges and constraints of ANN techniques were elucidated at the end of this paper.
      2  16
  • Publication
    Modeling on impact of metal object obstruction in urban environment for internet of things application in vehicular communication
    ( 2020-01-08)
    Turner J.S.C.
    ;
    Azizi Harun
    ;
    Mohd Najib Mohd Yasin
    ;
    Norshamsuri Ali @ Hasim
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Fadzilla M.A.
    ;
    Sohiful Anuar Zainol Murad
    ;
    Nor Azura Malini Ahmad Hambali
    ;
    Razlan Z.M.
    ;
    Mohd Sani Mohamad Hashim
    ;
    Wan Khairunizam Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Phoon C.Y.
    Objects such as vehicles are considered one of challenging obstruction on the road and very little attention has been made to address its significance on the wireless signal. As such, this paper validates the impact of vehicle obstruction on signal propagation using received signal strength indicator (RSSI) based on the wireless channel measurements of realistic environmental obstruction at 2.4 GHz frequency band. Low mobility IEEE 802.15.4 XBee S2C compliant device which is designed to collect received signal power was used and these devices were deployed at area congested with cars. The channel measurements were conducted on LOS car parking area with two scenarios; single-sided and double-sided vehicle obstruction which mimics the obstruction of metal objects. The effect of existing vehicle on the signal propagation is demonstrated based on RSSI and RMSE. The attenuation profile of vehicular obstruction on wireless signal is modeled and compared with large-scale propagation models. Results show that metal object significantly reduce transmission range and signal power. The findings may incite for future implementation of cooperative deployment program and internet of things (IoT) applications in vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) and vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication.
      1  13