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PublicationStudy on biohydrogen production using different type of carrier materials in attached growth system( 2020-06-10)Renewable energy is known as clean energy with free from greenhouse gas emissions and global warming effects. It is generated from natural resources and one of the most promising renewable energy is biohydrogen. Biohydrogen production gets a great attention around the world because it could remove organic biomass and at the same time supplying clean hydrogen energy. In this study, three support carriers were used namely granular activated carbon (GAC), glass beads (GB) and moringa oleifera seeds (MOS). The main keys of this study was to identify the best support carrier that capable to enhance the biohydrogen production in attached growth system using Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) as feedstock. On the other hand, the physicochemical of the attached-biofilm were also investigated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Other parameter such as hydrogen concentration, volume of biogas, and kinetic study by using modified Gompertz equation has also been studied. At the end of the study, the best performance of biohydrogen production was performed by using GAC with hydrogen yield (HY) = 1.52 mol H2/mol glucose and the hydrogen production rate (HPR) = 58.50 mmol H2/l.d, followed by GB which is HY = 1.43 mol H2/mol glucose and HPR = 54.840 mmol H2/l.d and the last, MOS with HY = 1.08 mol H2/mol glucose and HPR = 41.44 mmol H2/l.d. This study has shown that proper selection of support carrier could reflect the evolution of biohydrogen production.
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PublicationRecovery of nano-lignin from anaerobic treated palm oil mill effluent (AT-POME)( 2020-06-10)Lignin is the main polymers in woody biomass aside cellulose and hemicelluloses Recently, nano-lignin is gaining importance due to the increasing demand for bio-based and bio-active nanomaterial fillers for many applications such as in composite and textile industries. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the main wastewater produce by palm oil mills. Anaerobically treated (AT-POME) contains high soluble lignin due to the anaerobic digestion of cellulosic material in POME. Nano-lignin was precipitated by adjusting the initial pH of AT-POME during the sonication process. Sulfuric acid (H2SO4), nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and phosphoric acid (H3PO4) were used to adjust the initial pH of AT-POME. Result shows that sulfuric acid was the most suitable acid to be used as it could recovered 96% of the soluble lignin in AT-POME. The presence of ultrasonic during the precipitation process had reduced the size to 383.4 nm. The optimum operating parameter for lignin recovery is at pH 4 using sulfuric acid and sonicated at 80 watts for 15 minutes. This study shows that sonication could reduce the size of precipitated lignin from AT-POME. In addition, removal of lignin from AT-POME also reduced the COD content of AT-POME.
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