Advanced and Sustainable Technologies (ASET)

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/1841

ADVANCED AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES (ASET) is an engineering technology journal with scholarly open-access and published two issues per year (in June and December) by Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Press. ASET is an international journal initiated by the Malaysian Technical University Network. This journal was launched by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, in September 2021. ASET focuses on articles that contribute new knowledge and application in Advanced and Sustainable Technology and publishing original research articles. ASET covers all areas of Advanced Applied Mechanics and Electronics (Mechanical and Manufacturing, Electrical and Electronics, Telecommunication and Computer Technologies), Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment (Construction and Infrastructure, Chemical and Biotechnologies, Industrial Safety, and Sustainable Technologies). is an engineering technology journal with scholarly open-access and published two issues per year (in June and December) by Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Press. ASET is an international journal initiated by the Malaysian Technical University Network. This journal was launched by the Faculty of Mechanical Engineering Technology, UniMAP, in September 2021. ASET focuses on articles that contribute new knowledge and application in Advanced and Sustainable Technology and publishing original research articles. ASET covers all areas of Advanced Applied Mechanics and Electronics (Mechanical and Manufacturing, Electrical and Electronics, Telecommunication and Computer Technologies), Sustainable Infrastructure and Environment (Construction and Infrastructure, Chemical and Biotechnologies, Industrial Safety, and Sustainable Technologies).

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A Parametric Study on The Performance of Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2025-06-10)
Muhammad Haziq Akmal bin Mohd Ridzuan
;
Mohamad Syafiq Abdul Khadir
;
Adel Nasser
;
Masniezam Ahmad
;
Mohd Haidiezul Jamal Ab Hadi
;
Muhamad Nur Misbah
;
Abdul Syafiq Abdull Sukor

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems play a crucial role in sustainable energy management by storing excess energy for later use, improving overall efficiency, reducing emissions, and enhancing grid reliability. Among TES technologies, latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) systems are particularly attractive due to their high energy storage capacity and ability to operate at nearly constant temperatures. However, the low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) remains a significant challenge, limiting the rate of heat transfer and overall system performance. This study explores the performance of an LHTES system by examining the effects of inlet temperature, mass flow rate, and flow direction, with a particular focus on horizontal flow configurations. The aim is to identify optimal parameter settings that enhance heat transfer efficiency and improve system performance. Using ANSYS Fluent, numerical simulations were conducted with paraffin wax RT82 as the PCM and copper as the triplex tube heat exchanger material. The results showed that an optimized parameter combination reduced the melting time to 232.8 minutes, a 51.44% improvement over the baseline case. These findings highlight the potential for strategic parameter optimization to significantly enhance LHTES efficiency by accelerating PCM melting and improving thermal distribution. This study provides valuable insights into optimizing LHTES system performance, contributing to the development of more effective energy storage solutions that minimize energy losses and improve thermal management.

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AI Assisted and IOT Based Fertilizer Mixing System

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-06-03)
Wan Mohd Faizal Wan Nik
;
Shahrul Fazly Man@Sulaiman
;
Muhammad Imran Ahmad
;
Shafie Omar
;
Tan Shie Chow
;
Mohd Nazri Abu Bakar
;
Fadhilnor Abdullah
;
Muhammad Khamil Akbar

Agriculture techniques, particularly fertilizer mixing, have significant impacts on crop productivity. Introducing IoT technology to agriculture can enhance productivity, and machine learning offers a mechanism to gain insights from data, making agricultural practices more efficient. This research aims to design an AI-assisted and IoT-based fertilizer mixing system for greenhouses. This system utilizes sensor data and AI algorithms, specifically the Support Vector Machine (SVM), to optimize fertilizer application. Results from the SVM classifier showed a 100% accuracy rate for temperature and humidity, 65% accuracy for phosphorus, 86% for nitrogen, and 100% for potassium. These findings demonstrate the potential of the proposed system to improve fertilizer efficiency while reducing labor and resource waste.
Airflow Analysis of the Bus Under Various Velocities Using CFD Simulation

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-06-03)
Muhammad Aiman Hakim Samsuddin

This project investigated the aerodynamic effects of various airflow velocities around a bus. Key parameters included airflow velocity and turbulence models, with dependent variables being the velocity and pressure on the bus body. The bus model, sourced from an existing GrabCAD file, was imported into SimFlow 4.0 for analysis. A steady-state simulation was employed, incorporating symmetry conditions, turbulence modeling, boundary conditions, and a baseline post-processing method to visualize the velocity and pressure distributions around the bus. Mesh refinement was carefully adjusted to accommodate the bus's large size and accurately capture the flow gradients. The simulation results were analyzed using Paraview post-processing to evaluate the final velocity and pressure contours. The results showed that the airflow velocities crucially affect the velocity and pressure distribution around the bus. This study yielded significant and insightful results by varying the independent parameters, advancing the understanding of bus aerodynamics under different airflow velocities.

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Analysis of Aircraft Hydraulic Filter Flow : Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation Using SimFlow 4.0

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-12-02)
Muhammad Aiman Rahimi Adli

Hydraulic systems are critical to the performance and reliability of various aircraft and machine operations, such as landing gear, brake systems, and control surfaces. Understanding the flow properties of hydraulic circuits is essential to optimize these systems. This study aims to analyze an aircraft hydraulic filter's performance using SimFlow and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), focusing on mesh resolution and inlet velocity influence to predict pressure and velocity accurately. A comprehensive three-dimensional filter model is developed, and meshing is conducted at different resolutions. The flow is then modeled using the k-ω SST turbulence model within the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) framework, considering fully turbulent, incompressible, and steady-state flow conditions. The findings are expected to show that finer mesh resolutions yield more precise predictions of pressure drops and flow distributions within the filter. As mesh density increases, the variance in maximum pressure and velocity values is anticipated to decrease, leading to more consistent simulation outcomes. This research provides insights into optimal meshing strategies for accurate CFD analysis of hydraulic filters, emphasizing the importance of careful mesh selection in achieving reliable simulation results. The results have practical implications for designing and optimizing more efficient hydraulic systems. Future work should focus on attaining mesh independence, simulating transient flows, and cross-validating the findings with experimental data.

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Analysis of Tesla CyberTruck Speed on the Velocity and Pressure Distribution Using SimFlow Software

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-06-03)
Shankarsana Paramasivan

This work presents a comprehensive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis of the external flow around the Tesla CyberTruck, focusing on its aerodynamic characteristics under varying conditions. The primary objectives are to study velocity and pressure distributions. The simulation considers two independent parameters: vehicle speed (20, 40, and 80 m/s) and the type of turbulent flow (k-ω SST and k-ε). The simulation provides insights into complex flow patterns through meticulous meshing, boundary condition setup, and solver configuration, highlighting areas of interest such as flow separation, recirculation, and turbulence. Parametric variations are analyzed to determine how turbulent flow type and speed affect critical parameters like pressure and velocity. The results of this CFD analysis offer valuable information about the vehicle's aerodynamic performance, contributing to design optimization, handling and stability enhancements, and improved fuel efficiency. The findings from this study are expected to enhance visualization and understanding of the aerodynamic aspects of the Tesla CyberTruck.
Assessing changes in soil moisture distribution for before and after irrigation in a Harumanis Greenhouse

( 2024-03)
Arravinthen Nagarajah
;
Fathin Ayuni Azizan
;
Fatnin Nazifa Mohamad Zalani

Soil moisture is an essential factor in determining the quality of crop production in farming areas, particularly in a greenhouse. It is important to ensure that the irrigation in the greenhouse can provide ample water needed by trees. This study aims to assess the status of soil moisture and map its distribution in a greenhouse following the irrigation supply. Soil samples were collected at forty randomly chosen locations at two different intervals of before and after irrigation supply. The soil moisture content is determined by the gravimetric method in the laboratory. Two soil moisture distribution maps were developed using soil moisture data and the coordinates of the sample locations. Based on the maps, the soil moisture distribution of before irrigation was classified into two classes: low and moderate at about 50% coverage each, while 100% of the greenhouse area was within the high soil moisture class for after irrigation. The statistical results demonstrate that both soil moisture data before and after irrigation are different, with the mean soil moisture content increased by 8.73%, thus proving that irrigation systems installed in the greenhouse work effectively by providing ample water to the soil to achieve high soil moisture content in the greenhouse.

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Automatic Monitoring of Class A Pan Evaporation using the Internet of Things (IoT)

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-03-01)
Mohd Fauzie Jusoh
;
Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Muttalib
;
Nur Sakinah Saedin
;
MohdMahmud

This study aimed to assess suitable water level sensor types and implement the automated monitoring of water levels within a Class A pan evaporation system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Both analogue and ultrasonic water level sensors underwent testing in controlled laboratory conditions for performance analysis. The results showed that the analogue water level sensor exhibited suboptimal output sensor responses compared to the ultrasonic sensor, primarily due to its susceptibility to variations in solution types and immersion depths. In contrast, ultrasonic sensors demonstrated strong performance with acceptable error rates, as evidenced by the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.03, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 1.42, and Coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.94 during laboratory testing. However, the ultrasonic sensor's performance was somewhat reduced during field testing, exhibiting accuracy levels ranging from 6.7% to 51.2% within a greenhouse environment during rock melon cultivation. These discoveries highlight the feasibility of using ultrasonic sensors with environmental calibration to automate real-time evaporation measurements towards precision irrigation practices
Automatic monitoring of class A pan evaporation using the Internet of Things (IoT)

( 2024-03)
Mohd Fauzie Jusoh
;
Muhammad Firdaus Abdul Muttalib
;
Nur Sakinah Saedin
;
Mohd Mahmud

This study aimed to assess suitable water level sensor types and implement the automated monitoring of water levels within a Class A pan evaporation system using the Internet of Things (IoT). Both analogue and ultrasonic water level sensors underwent testing in controlled laboratory conditions for performance analysis. The results showed that the analogue water level sensor exhibited suboptimal output sensor responses compared to the ultrasonic sensor, primarily due to its susceptibility to variations in solution types and immersion depths. In contrast, ultrasonic sensors demonstrated strong performance with acceptable error rates, as evidenced by the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 1.03, Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 1.42, and Coefficient of Determination (R²) of 0.94 during laboratory testing. However, the ultrasonic sensor's performance was somewhat reduced during field testing, exhibiting accuracy levels ranging from 6.7% to 51.2% within a greenhouse environment during rock melon cultivation. These discoveries highlight the feasibility of using ultrasonic sensors with environmental calibration to automate real-time evaporation measurements towards precision irrigation practices.

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Balancing the Popcorn Production Line Using Tecnomatix Plant Simulation

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2025-06-10)
M A Selimin
;
A N A Ahmad
;
M S Nazri

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) significantly contribute to the country's growth, particularly in the snack food manufacturing industry. As a popcorn manufacturer, this company is now experiencing challenges with production efficiency and bottlenecks in creating a balanced line. Simulation software may save time and deliver key insights by simulating the production line in less time than human bottleneck detection. Therefore, this study focuses on identifying the bottleneck process and determining the productivity of the present popcorn manufacturing line using Tecnomatix plant simulation. This study utilized qualitative methodologies, including interviews with the manager of human resources and supervisor of the production department, as well as direct observation of the production line using time study sheets as data collection methods. The results indicate that three main bottlenecks currently exist at the modelled popcorn production line, namely the automated sealing machine, the labelling machine, and the grading tray stations, with lead times of 70.13%, 64.96%, and 36.01%. The simulation reveals that the popcorn production line's current efficiency is 70%. According to prior research, these bottlenecks may be resolved by enhancing worker skills through frequent training, scheduling equipment preventative maintenance, and expanding the number of machines. This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge and encourages the company to improve and take additional measures to increase production line efficiency and solve the identified bottlenecks in any manner possible.

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Bioconversion of agro-wastes by Black Soldier Fly larvae

( 2024-03)
Rashidah Ruslan
;
Hirun Azaman Ismail
;
Tay See Yee

The utilization of Black Soldier Fly larvae (BSFL) in agro-waste bioconversion is becoming popular due to its potential to reduce waste volume and produce protein and lipids from the larvae. This research was carried out to evaluate the capacity of BSFL to biologically convert different types of selected plant and animal-based agro-wastes. The assessment of the BSFL growth (diameter, length, and weight) was recorded. Results indicated that BSFL were capable of digesting goat manure, banana, and cabbage, though the respective digestion rates differed. The waste reduction capacity ranged from 21.82 % - 36.74 %, with the highest achieved with banana and the lowest was goat manure. The highest growth rates of BSFL in terms of weight, diameter, and length were achieved by digesting cabbage waste, followed by banana and goat manure. There is a high potential to utilize BSFL in agro-waste management due to its eco-friendly and sustainable method.

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Biogas production from the paddy straw pretreated with Sodium Hydroxide and co-digestion with cow manure

( 2024-03)
Tengku Roslina Tuan Yusof
;
Muizz Zahari
;
Mariam Majid
;
Abdul Syafiq Abdul Syukor
;
Mohd Riduan Jamalludin

Paddy straw waste (PS) is an organic waste that is disposed in open land after preparation of rice harvest that is generated in equal or greater quantities than the rice itself. Generally, it is disposed in open land, which increases anthropogenic gases. Converting it into useful energy or value-added products may reduce disposal problems and anthropogenic activity. In this study, PS with different treatments of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at 2, 4, 6 , 8 and 10% was co-digested with cow dung (CD) for obtaining biogas by anaerobic digestion. For this purpose, PS was mixed with CD at different proportions, namely 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, and 0:100 percentages on a mass basis, the samples were used in five different anaerobic digesters. The samples were kept in different anaerobic digesters for the study. The effect of important input parameters like pH and Carbon to Nitrogen (C/N) ratio on the biogas production was studied. Maximum biogas production was obtained from the co-digestion of the substrate containing 30% ps and 70% Cd for a digestion time of 20 days, and d3 shows a max pH value of 7.16. Further, the biogas collected from the digesters was characterized to ensure suitability for use as a renewable fuel. Furthermore, the digested slurry was also analyzed for its use in agriculture. The results are presented in this paper.

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Bioinsecticidal Activity of Roots and Leaves Extract of Cymbopogon citratus on Sitophyluz oryzae

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-12-02)
Nurhadijah Zainalabidin
;
Muhamad Ikmal Sirozi
;
Nor Hidawati Elias

Sitophilus oryzae is a storage pest of serious concern nowadays, which causes various losses by destroying large quantities of grains, legumes, and other food materials. Several methods have been utilized to overcome the infestation of this pest, including synthetic pesticides. However, this method somehow negatively impacted the surroundings, especially the non-targeting organism. Thus, biopesticides safe to nature and ecosystems can be applied as an alternative. The aim of this research was to study the bioinsecticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus leaves and root extract against Sitophilus oryzae. The bioinsecticidal activity was assessed through repellency tests, contact activity, and phytochemical analysis. Roots and leaves were extracted using solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and chloroform. Extract concentration was varied to 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm for repellency and contact activity tests. Based on the data obtained, it was best described that ethanolic extract of C. citratus root shows the highest repellency of 100% after 5 h exposure to 200 ppm extract concentration with a mean repellency of 80.7%. Both ethanolic extract of C. citratus root and leaves at 200 ppm show 100% mortality of S. oryzae after 24 h exposure. Based on phytochemical screening, saponin, phenols, and tannins were detected in both the root and leaves of C. citratus, which might be possible to contribute in the bioinsecticidal activity.

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Building Stronger Biomass : How Particle Size Affects the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Khaya senegalensis Fuel Pellets

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2025-06-10)
Ras Izzati Ismail
;
Khor Chu Yee
;
Alina Rahayu Mohamed

Biomass has gained significant attention as a renewable energy source due to its potential to reduce dependency on fossil fuels and lower carbon emissions. Among various biomass-derived fuels, pelletized biomass offers enhanced energy density, improved combustion efficiency, and ease of handling and storage. Khaya senegalensis, a fast-growing tree that thrives in suboptimal conditions, requires regular pruning, leading to significant biomass waste. This study examines the influence of feedstock particle size on the mechanical properties of Khaya senegalensis fuel pellets. Biomass trimmings from Khaya tree branches were collected, processed into wood chips, and ground into five particle sizes (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, and 2 mm) before pelletization. The pellets were produced under constant moisture content, pressure, temperature, and binder percentage. A one-factor-at-a-time (OFAT) approach was employed, with each process repeated three times to ensure consistency. The mechanical properties analyzed include unit density, durability, axial compressive strength, and diametral compressive strength. Experimental data are analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to examine correlations between feedstock particle sizes and mechanical properties. This study establishes that particle size plays a crucial role in determining the physical and mechanical properties of Khaya senegalensis wood pellets. The results indicate that finer particles (0.15 mm) contribute to higher unit density and durability, whereas coarser particles (1.00 mm) enhance compressive strength.
Case Study : Free Space Path Loss for Mobile Network and WLAN

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2022-12-29)
Yong Min Chiun Jourdan
;
Y. S. Lee

Wireless communication systems transmit and receive information through free space. Thus, there are other factors to consider when designing a wireless communication system. One of those factors is Free space Path Loss (FPSL), which refers to the loss of signal strength in the propagation of the signal in free space. In this study, the effects of obstruction and distance on the FSPL of the transmission in mobile networks and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) will be measured. The measured results show that the obstructions have a higher impact on the received signal compared to the distance. In the mobile network setting, the open area has an FPSL of 111 dB, whereas the obstructed office area has a significantly higher FSPL of 158 dB. Furthermore, in the WLAN setting, the FSPL of an obstructed area is 19 dB higher than the line-of-sight propagation. Thus, the layout of the area to implement a wireless communication system must be thoroughly analyzed for obstructions and distance to provide optimal wireless communication service to customers.

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Case study free space path loss for Mobile Network and WLAN

( 2022-12)
Yong Min Chiun Jourdan
;
Y.S. Lee

Wireless communication systems transmit and receive information through free space. Thus, there are other factors to consider when designing a wireless communication system. One of those factors is Free space Path Loss (FPSL), which refers to the loss of signal strength in the propagation of the signal in free space. In this study, the effects of obstruction and distance on the FSPL of the transmission in mobile networks and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) will be measured. The measured results show that the obstructions have a higher impact on the received signal compared to the distance. In the mobile network setting, the open area has an FPSL of 111 dB, whereas the obstructed office area has a significantly higher FSPL of 158 dB. Furthermore, in the WLAN setting, the FSPL of an obstructed area is 19 dB higher than the line-of-sight propagation. Thus, the layout of the area to implement a wireless communication system must be thoroughly analyzed for obstructions and distance to provide optimal wireless communication service to customers.

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Case study on thermal cycling analysis for different solder joint sizes using Finite Element Analysis

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2023-06-15)
Muhammad Izzuddin Badrol Hissam

This research uses finite element analysis to investigate the impact of different solder joint sizes on the mechanical aspects. Specifically, a three-dimensional model of a leadless solder joint for surface mount components was created in simulation software. The study analyses lead-free solder joint thermo-mechanical properties, such as maximum stress and strain. The simulation results indicate that the solder joints parameters significantly influence the thermo-mechanical behaviour during temperature cycling tests. The highest stress is observed at the interface between the solder and pad on the large-size solder joint, while the lowest stress (118MPa) is recorded when employing a small-size solder joint. This research contributes to a better understanding the thermo-mechanical characteristics of different solder joint parameters under temperature cycling conditions.

7 2
Case study on thermal cycling analysis for different solder joint sizes using finite element analysis

( 2023-06)
Muhammad Izzuddin Badrol Hissam

This research uses finite element analysis to investigate the impact of different solder joint sizes on the mechanical aspects. Specifically, a three-dimensional model of a leadless solder joint for surface mount components was created in simulation software. The study analyses lead-free solder joint thermo-mechanical properties, such as maximum stress and strain. The simulation results indicate that the solder joints parameters significantly influence the thermo-mechanical behaviour during temperature cycling tests. The highest stress is observed at the interface between the solder and pad on the large-size solder joint, while the lowest stress (118MPa) is recorded when employing a small-size solder joint. This research contributes to a better understanding the thermo-mechanical characteristics of different solder joint parameters under temperature cycling conditions.

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CFD Simulation of Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer of Internal Cooling Channels for Turning Tool

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2024-12-02)
Nazmin Ikbar Mohd Piterah
;
Muhammad Syamil Zakaria

The internal-cooling approach emerged as an alternative in sustainable machining practices due to its multiple benefits. Cooling channels have been applied to cutting inserts to remove heat concentrated in a small area during machining. As a result, these cooling channels are critical in lowering tool temperatures and wear rates. The design of the cooling channel influences the effectiveness of heat management. In the present study, three types of cooling channel designs have been developed to investigate the cooling effect on the insert from the variety of cooling channel profiles. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is utilized to simulate the cooling effect for all profiles. A temperature reduction has been observed for the internally cooled cutting insert compared to the conventional tool without a cooling channel. The temperature difference is observed when the profile of the channel is varied. In addition, the coolant profile has been observed to be more effective in heat removal when the inlet pressure of the cutting fluid is increased. Through the velocity vector results, it has been determined that the heat transfer rate increases as the flow velocity of coolant within the channel increases. The Turbulence Kinetic Energy (TKE) simulation's value shows that a heat transfer rate enhancement is attained by elevating the TKE value, which depends on the configuration of the coolant flow channel.

7 2
Combination of organic fertilizer from Catfish Wastewater (Clarias gariepinus) with inorganic fertilizer for best growth of Chili (Capsicum frutescens)

(Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 2023-11-30)
Hasmidah Md Isa
;
Nik Salwani Nik Yusoff
;
Tony Ontok

This study was designed to observe the effects of catfish wastewater as a fertilizer on the growth and yield of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens). The aim of our research is to find out the alternative to reduce the usage of inorganic fertilizers for chilli cultivation. In addition, it is also to investigate the potential of catfish wastewater as an organic fertilizer for chili pepper cultivation. Three treatments were used to evaluate the effect of fertilizers on chili pepper growth performance, and they were as follows: organic fertilizers (catfish wastewater) (T1), co-application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (T2), and inorganic fertilizer (T3). The data collected for growth and yield included the average (±) height (cm), Number of leaves, Leaf width (cm), Number of buds, Weight of fruits, Length of fruits and Number of fruits. Based on the results obtained from this experiment, T2 fertilizer, which applies a combination of organic (catfish wastewater) with inorganic fertilizer, shows higher growth, quality, and yield performance than control treatment using inorganic fertilizer only. However, the lowest growth, quality and yield showed the fertilizers from organic (catfish wastewater) only. Thus, organic (catfish wastewater) has good potential as an alternative fertilizer same as chicken dung and cow dung that can be used for crops.

7 11
Combination of organic fertilizer from Catfish wastewater (Clarias gariepinus) with inorganic fertilizer for best growth of chili (Capsicum frutescens)

( 2023-12)
Hasmidah Md Isa
;
Nik Salwani Nik Yusoff
;
Tony Ontok

This study was designed to observe the effects of catfish wastewater as a fertilizer on the growth and yield of chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens). The aim of our research is to find out the alternative to reduce the usage of inorganic fertilizers for chilli cultivation. In addition, it is also to investigate the potential of catfish wastewater as an organic fertilizer for chili pepper cultivation. Three treatments were used to evaluate the effect of fertilizers on chili pepper growth performance, and they were as follows: organic fertilizers (catfish wastewater) (T1), co-application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (T2), and inorganic fertilizer (T3). The data collected for growth and yield included the average (±) height (cm), Number of leaves, Leaf width (cm), Number of buds, Weight of fruits, Length of fruits and Number of fruits. Based on the results obtained from this experiment, T2 fertilizer, which applies a combination of organic (catfish wastewater) with inorganic fertilizer, shows higher growth, quality, and yield performance than control treatment using inorganic fertilizer only. However, the lowest growth, quality and yield showed the fertilizers from organic (catfish wastewater) only. Thus, organic (catfish wastewater) has good potential as an alternative fertilizer same as chicken dung and cow dung that can be used for crops.

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