Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence (AMCI)

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https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14170/364
AMCI is peer-reviewed and published as an online open-access journal as well as in printed copy. The journal welcomes original and significant contributions in the area of applied mathematics and computational intelligence. It emphasises on empirical or theoretical foundations, or their applications to any field of investigation where mathematics and computational intelligence techniques are used. The journal is designed to meet the needs of a wide range of mathematicians, computer scientists and engineers in academic or industrial research.

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Browsing Applied Mathematics and Computational Intelligence (AMCI) by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"
  • Publication
    60-year Research history of missing data: a bibliometric review on Scopus database (1960-2019)
    ( 2020-12)
    Farah Adibah Adnan
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Zakaria
    ;
    Safwati Ibrahim
    esearch on missing data was initiatedin1960and the study on this topicgrew exponentially acrossvarioussubject areas since then.Therefore, this study aims to analyze those studies, specificallyjournal articles publishedin the context of missing data.Scopus databaseand analysis tools wereutilized to retrieve all available journal articles related tomissing dataand its data. Next, due to the large number of articles foundin the Scopus database, its informationcan only be efficiently extracted and combined using Mendeley software.To further obtained insights on the extractedinformation, VOSviewer was used to obtain network visualization and overlay visualization on authors’ keywordand citation metrics was obtained using HarzingPublish or Perish software. Additionally, the growth of publication, languages used, subject area, countriesinvolved,and publication activity were also presented using bibliometric analysis. In total, 6227journal articles werefound. The recordshows thata drastic increment of research in missing data happened in 2016, with 446publications compared to 361 in 2015. Most of the articleswere affiliated with researchers in the United States and werewritten mainly in English. Mathematics, decision sciences, medicine, and computer scienceare four subject areas that have high number of articles. It is expected that thepublications on this topic will increase significantly in 2020 due to its research trend that is currently blooming in the area of medicine and thereforeleadtopotential directions for future research
      4  8
  • Publication
    A classifying and ranking selection of healthcare tourism services
    ( 2020-12)
    Nur Syahirah Mohd Asri
    ;
    Norshahrizan Nordin
    The study is conducted to classify and rankingselection ofhealthcare tourism servicesusing the integration of the Kano model and the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP). The selection of healthcare tourism servicesis the determinant factor towards patients’ satisfaction. FAHP isone of the quality improvement methods toimprovehealth tourism. However, FAHP cannot identify the patients’ satisfaction. The Kano Model provides a way to better understandingof patients’ satisfaction through the Kano Quality Attribute categories. Thus, the integration between the Kano Model and FAHP is proposed in this study. The study firstidentifiesthe determinant factors towards patients’ satisfaction requirements in healthcare tourism services. Next, the study measured patients’ satisfaction using Kano and classified them into five groups: must-be,attractive,one-Dimensional,indifferent,andreverse. Finally, the study ranked the determinant factors towards patients’ satisfaction requirements by usingFAHPto prioritize the most important patients’ satisfaction requirements. The findings will help the healthcare decision-maker to design and improve health tourism to enhance patients’ satisfaction in healthcare tourism services based on the most important patients’ satisfaction requirement.
  • Publication
    A study of customer-based brand equity prioritization by using analytical hierarchy process
    ( 2018-12)
    Emmi Aida Esan
    ;
    Norshahrizan Nordin
    ;
    Wan Norsyafawati W. Muhamad Radzi
    New entrepreneur face with issues in managing brand equity and its significant is that it helps firms to enhance their cash flow and product differentiation to enjoy and obtain benefits out of competitive advantage. Plus, brand equity is regarded as a key benchmark for the state of health of a brand, and monitoring is believed to be an effective way of managing brand. Previous researchers have discussed that there are two motives to study brand equity which are financial motivation in order to value the brand and improving market productivity. Therefore, brand equity is treated as the most valuable intangible asset according to literatures. Customer based brand equity can create the most powerful point of difference among product suppliers. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the dimension and criteria of customer based brand equity model which includes resonance, judgement, feelings, performance, imagery and salience. In order to explore the criteria prioritization of customer based brand equity amongst customers towards the new product sell by entrepreneur in the market, researcher obtained filled questionnaires from 20 respondents who have experience in buy new local product by entrepreneurs. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) which is one of Multi Criteria Decision Method families was used as methodology for this study. AHP methodology is implemented in this study. Result shows the prioritization of criteria in customer based brand equity model significantly contribute to the brand equity of products by entrepreneur. Furthermore, the contribution of this study is to the extent to which the new entrepreneurs can use the prioritization criteria findings to create the brand equity for their product and customer’s wants towards new products can be fulfilled.
      7  28
  • Publication
    An investigation of the weighted measurement for charity servicesby using analytical hierarchy process
    ( 2018-12)
    Nur Izzati Idrus
    ;
    Wan Norsyafawati W. Muhamad Radzi
    ;
    Norshahrizan Nordin
    A charity service for the community is a pure activity where it is assisted by a handful of people to the more needy people. Community involvement in charity activities aims to provide any financial, time and energy assistance. This charity activity has a strategy of ensuring that welfare aspects are integrated into planning towards achieving holistic socio-economic development and enhancing smart and strategic partnerships through collaboration with all groups of people, non-governmental organizations and international agencies. In fact, these charity activities need to improve the quality of financial planning and management as well as information and communication technology professionally. In Malaysia, there are three (3) primary ethnic group in Malaysia that is Malay, Chinese and Indian with the overall population of 15 million, 6 million and 2 million respectively (Economic Planning Unit of Malaysia,2016).This study is focusing on the positively influence individual’s attitude toward the charities events. Data will be collected and the result will be analyzed and presented via Analytic Hierarchy Process. The analysis that will be used to ensuring consistency when dealing with pair wise comparisons, several researchers have suggested some alternatives. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) begins by asking the evaluator to compare the level of importance between all possible pairof criteria, using a scale with values from 1 to 9. As the result, the Analytical Hierarchy Process, that describes the appropriate criteria of donator for charity services focus on to financial stability, period of operations, and service delivery record, and location has been developed.Moral commitment is the significance of charitable practices, occasions and causes will range amongst people in mild of their issues and commitments
      16  7
  • Publication
    Analysis of different types of full reference image quality assessment algorithm
    ( 2018-12)
    Faizah Mokhtar
    ;
    Ruzelita Ngadiran
    Measurement of Image Quality plays an important role in numerous image processing applications such as forensic science, image enhancement, medical imaging, etc. In recent years, there is a growing interest among researchers in creating objective image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms that can correlate well with perceived quality. A significant progress has been made for full reference (FR) IQA problem in the past decade. In the meantime, several works has been made to compare and evaluate the performance of existing FR IQA methods. In this paper, we are comparing 5 selected FR IQA algorithms on TID2008 image datasets. The performance and evaluation results are shown in graphs and tables
      14  14
  • Publication
    Closed form boundary feedback for the time fractional order partial integro differential equations
    ( 2017-12)
    Ibtisam Kamil Hanan
    ;
    Muhammad Zaini Ahmad
    ;
    Fadhel Subhi Fadhel
    This paper focuses on the application of back stepping control scheme for the time fractional order partial integro differential equation (FPIDE). The fractional derivative is presented by using Caputo fractional derivative. We show how the FPIDE is converted into a Mittag‐Leffler stability by designing invertible coordinate transformation. Numerical simulation isused to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme
      14  19
  • Publication
    Comparison on the rigid and flexible model of attitude maneuvering of a simple multi-body satellite
    ( 2014-12)
    Teoh Vil Cherd
    ;
    Shahriman Abu Bakar
    ;
    Norhizam Hamzah
    ;
    Sazali Yaacob
    ;
    Ruslizam Daud
    ;
    Rakhmad Arief Siregar
    Rigid body assumption of a satellite model has been a common practice in spacecraft attitude manoeuvring. However, with the increasing demand for greater functionality of space activities, requires bigger and wider solar panels to cater the power needs. In this paper, simple rigid and flexible multi-body satellite model is derived using basic Newton’s second law and Assumed Mode Method. The response from both model are then simulated using MATLAB software while comparison is done to illustrate the significance of the flexible behaviour that inherited in the satellite system. With the negligence of flexible interference in the rigid model, it is likely to execute an exact attitude motion while the flexible model would yield a harmonic motion that is due to the vibratory motion of the solar panels.
      10  12
  • Publication
    Contamination and pollution assessment of heavy metal in Kuala Perlis sediment phase: a statistical analysis approach
    ( 2018-12)
    Arina Azmina Ahmad Zubir
    ;
    Farah Naemah Mohd Saad
    A study on heavy metals pollution in sediment of Kuala Perlis was done which four types of heavy metals that are identified in the coastal area. The presence of Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu are resulted from the anthropogenic activities occurs in the land use of Kuala Perlis. Samples were collected with different depth phase (subsurface, 1ft, 2ft and 3ft) at five different points (A,B,C,D and E) based on the different land use activities. The distribution concentrations of Cr, Pb, Zn and Cu in each point were analyzed by using descriptive analysis. Based on the analysis Pb gives the highest in mean concentration compared to others in all points. The relation of metals concentration and the sediment characteristics were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. The correlation analysis shows the positive correlation among the metals with percentage of silt and clay and negative correlation among the metals with the sediment pH. The sediment pollution assessments were investigated by using contamination indices such as Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Contamination Factor (CF) and Pollution Load Index (PLI). Among the four metals tested Pb gives the highest value of EF, Igeo and CF in sediments collected from each sampling points meanwhile point A gives the highest PLI value. Based on the terminologies, since the PLI value <1 so, the sediment in Kuala Perlis coastal area are considered as unpolluted sediment.
      13  6
  • Publication
    Dynamic modelling and forecasting the water price: a case of Medan, North Sumatera
    ( 2019-12)
    Tan Kim Hek
    ;
    Zulkifli Lubis
    ;
    Mohammad Fadzli Ramli
    ;
    Siti Rohana Goh Abdullah
    Water is animportant element oflife, hence must be preserved. In addition, thepricing of water supply must be consistent and optimal to ensure its sustainability. Thispaperdescribes thedynamic model in the forms of mathematical (structural)equations translatedfrom the Regulation of the Minister of Domestic AffairsIndonesia,No.23 Year2006. This regulation has been used by Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum (PDAM) Tirtanadi Medan, North Sumatera in determiningthe water price. Themodel consists ofseveraleconomic variables such as minimum wage, inflation,and subsidy that majorly influencedthe forecasted water price
  • Publication
    Effect of suction on the stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a stretching shrinking sheet in a porous medium with stability analysis
    ( 2019-12)
    Noormaizatulnazuha Mohamad
    ;
    Fatinnabila Kamal
    ;
    Wan Mohd Khairy Adly Wan Zaimi
    This research investigatesthe problem of stagnation point flow and heat transfer over a stretching/shrinking sheet past a porous medium with suction effect. Firstly, the mathematical model that governed the fluid flow and heat transfer were formulated. Then, the governing nonlinear partial differential equations were transformed into ordinary differential equations using similarity transformation. The system of ordinary differential equations is then solved numerically using bvp4cfunction in Matlab software. The effect of suction on the skin friction coefficient and the local Nusselt number,as well as the velocity and temperature profiles,are obtained and analysed. The numerical result obtained ispresented in the form of graphs and tables. The dual solutions are obtained for a certain range of parameters. The stability analysis has been performed and the result showsthat the upper branch solution is stable while thelower branch solution is unstable
      1  7
  • Publication
    Evaluation of predictors for the development and progression of Diabetic Retinopathy among diabetes Mellitus Type 2 patients
    ( 2022-12)
    Syafawati Ab Saad
    ;
    Maz Jamilah Masnan
    ;
    Karniza Khalid
    ;
    Safwati Ibrahim
    Diabetic retinopathy is one of the microvascular complications caused by prolonged uncontrolled diabetes. It is believed that diabetic retinopathy correlates with certain predictors and risk factors that might worsen the disease, eventually causing visual loss and blindness among diabetes patients. There are some predictors and risk factors that attribute to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy, such as the duration of diabetes and HbA1c trends. This study aims to evaluate the predictors and risk factors associated with the development and/or progression of diabetic retinopathy. Retrospective data were collected from a single healthcare facility in the northwest of Peninsular Malaysia. Patients included in this study were those with type 2diabetes mellitus diagnosed with diabetic retinopathy. The total number of patients involved in this study were 197, where 161 of them were newly diagnosed or with progressive diabetic retinopathy. The characteristics of diabetes patients with complication of diabetic retinopathy were described through descriptive statistics. Characteristics include demographics data such as age, gender, race and clinical data such as HbA1c readings HbA1c, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urea and haemoglobin concentration (Hb). The results show that 7 predictors and risk factors are significant to the development and progression of diabetic retinopathy among diabetes patients. By using multinomial logistic regression, this study offers better understanding of the significant predictors and risk factors related to diabetic retinopathy.
  • Publication
    Improved hamming distance method for measuring staff performance evaluation
    ( 2018-12)
    Mohamad Shahiir Saidin
    ;
    Muhammad Zaini Ahmad
    ;
    Rasyida Md Saad
    Performance evaluation is the annual assessment about the overall works and responsibilities for every staff in an organization or institution. It needs to be measured correctly and fairly in order to pay what the staffs havedone in a particular year. In this process, the staffs in the particular organization areevaluated with respect to specific criteria by the assigned decision makers based on their performance in a particular year. Based on the existing literature, the decision makers always overlook the sub-criteria weights in the evaluation process and only focus for main criteria. Hence, this study presents an approach of integrating the subjective and objective weights incorporated with Hamming distance method dealing with main and sub-criteria. A case study at an institute of local university in Malaysia is provided to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method. Based on the results, the proposed method can determine the most important criteria and the best staff in that institute.
      2  10
  • Publication
    Investment planning problem in power system using Artificial Neural Network
    ( 2018-12)
    Shamshul Bahar Yaakob
    ;
    Siti Hajar Mohd Tahar
    ;
    Amran Ahmed
    This paper presents a model to solve Distribution Expansion Planning (DEP) problem. An effective method is proposed to determine an optimal solution for strategic investment planning in distribution system. The proposed method will be formulated by using meanvariance analysis (MVA) approach in the form of mixed-integer quadratic programming problem. Its target is to minimize the risk and maximize the expected return. The proposed method consists of two layers neural networks combining Hopfield network at the upper layer and Boltzmann machine in the lower layer resulting the fast computational time. The originality of the proposed model is it will delete the unit of the lower layer, which is not selected in upper layer in its execution. Then, the lower layer is restructured using the selected units. Due to this feature, the proposed model will improve times and the accuracy of obtained solution. The significance of output from this project is the improvement of computational time and the accurate solution will be obtained. This model might help the decision makers to choose the optimal solution with variety options provided from this proposed method. Therefore, the performance of strategic investment planning in solving DEP problem certainly enhance
      3  14
  • Publication
    Marangoni convection boundary layer flow of ferrofluid with the effects of thermal radiation and suction
    ( 2020-12)
    Mimi Arina Hafizah Mohd Khairon
    ;
    Rohana Abdul Hamid
    The problem of thermal Marangoni convection boundary layer flow in ferrofluid with the presence of radiation and suction is evaluated in this paper. This study considered magnetite ferroparticle (Fe3O4) in two different base fluids, which are water and kerosene. The method of the solution involves similarity transformation, which reduces the governing partial differential equations to a system of an ordinary differential equation. Then, the equations are solved utilizing built-in bvp4c function in MATLAB software. The impacts of the suction parameter and thermal radiation parameter concerning the velocity profiles, temperature profiles, surface velocity and heat transfer are illustrated in graphs and tables. It is revealed that the suction parameter reduces the velocity profiles, temperature profiles and surface velocity. However, the heat transfer increases with the suction parameter; meanwhile, the thermal radiation parameter increases the temperature profiles. However, it reduces heat transfer. The same trends are observed in both water and kerosene ferrofluid. Nevertheless, higher heat transfer is observed in kerosene-based ferrofluid
  • Publication
    Metal detector via KNN for vehicle robot
    ( 2020-12)
    Zaidi Lokman Awang
    ;
    Muhammad Naufal Mansor
    ;
    Nordiana Sharifuddin
    Through decades of use, several problems occur in the conventional metal detector where it becomes a burden when it is being carried for a long time, the price is so expensive and the user was exposed to the threat when using it at the dangerous site. In order to solve the problem, this research aims to develop a metal detector that is lighter, cheap and can be mobilized using a remote control. The frequency of different metal was classified via KNN Classifier where the obtained accuracy and sensitivity arehigher than 90%
      12  7
  • Publication
    Non-linear Berger’s coefficient prioritization for quality of sustainability in healthcare services
    ( 2018-12)
    Cheng Ching Yong
    ;
    Norshahrizan Nordin
    The study is conducted in order to determine the determinant factors towards the quality for sustainability in healthcare services. The sampling location was the Perlis and Kedah state and 103 target sampleswere selected to involvein this study.Quality Function Deployment (QFD) was one of the quality improvement methodsfor high quality services. However, there is a limitation for QFD to identify the patient’s needs. The Kano Model provides a way to better understand of patients’ needs through the Kano Quality Attribute categories. Thus, the integration approach of Kano Model and QFD is proposed in this study. The patients’ requirement regarding the determinant factors was first obtained through the Kano analysis. Next, the quantitative results from the Kano Model Berger’s coefficient weretranslatedinto the QFD. In the QFD, the technical attributes were developed to identify the correlation between the patients’voices and technical attributes. Finally, both the patients and technical prioritized elements are rank based on their importance by satisfaction index (SS) and dissatisfaction index (DS). The findings from the study able to benefits the healthcare decision maker to design and improve the medical service quality to enhance quality for sustainability in the healthcare services based on the patients and technical prioritized
      14  6
  • Publication
    Numerical simulation of Burgers’ equation
    ( 2017-12)
    Intan Mastura Ramlee
    ;
    Nursalasawati Rusli
    An exponential finite difference technique is first presented by Bhattacharya for one‐dimensional unsteady state. In this study, the exponential finite difference technique was used to solve the Burgers’ equationin one‐dimensional with different value of h(stepsize). Burgers’ equation is considered in this study because the equation governing simple nonlinear diffusion process.Since the Burgers’ equation is nonlinear, the Hopf‐Coletrans for mation is applied to the linear heat equation which was converted from Burgers’ equation. Then, the exponential finite difference methods are used to obtain numerical solution. Three techniques have been implemented namely explicit exponential finite difference method, implicit exponential finite difference method and modified Burgers’ equation using explicit exponential finite difference method. In the solution process, the explicit exponential finite difference method used a direct to solve the Burgers’ equation while the implicit exponential finite difference method leads to a system of nonlinear equation. A teach time‐level, Newton’s method is used to solve the nonlinear system. The solution of the one‐dimensional modified Burgers’ equation is using the explicit exponential finite difference method. The solution process has discretized the time derivative and spatial derivative using exponential finite difference technique. Numerical solutions for each method are compared with exact solution and the results obtained using the three methods are precise and reliable. The percent errors are computed and found to be sufficiently small.
      4  13
  • Publication
    Solving fuzzy volterra integral equations via Fuzzy Sumudu Transform
    ( 2017-12)
    Norazrizal Aswad Abdul Rahman
    ;
    Muhammad Zaini Ahmad
    Fuzzy integral equations (FIEs) topic is an important branch in fuzzy mathematics. However, the methods proposed for handling FIEs are still very limited and often involve complex calculations. This paper introduced fuzzy Sumudu transform(FST) for solving FIEs, specifically fuzzy Volterra integrale quations(FVIEs). For this purpose, a step‐by‐step procedure will be constructed for solving FVIEs. In order to illustrate the practicability of the method, two numerical examples will be given
      23  10
  • Publication
    The approximate solution for a triangular fully fuzzy matrix equation ÃX̃B̃= C̃
    ( 2022-12)
    Wan Suhana Wan Daud
    ;
    N. Ahmad
    ;
    G. Malkawi
    ;
    K.A.A. Aziz
    ;
    M. F. I. M. Idris
    A fully fuzzy matrix equation of̃ÃX̃B=̃Chas its own important in the application of control systemengineering particularly in the situation of uncertainty. In this study, the equation is solved wherethe triangular fuzzy numbers be the variables of the equation. The algorithm that is used in thesolution is consists of the conversion for the fully fuzzy matrix equation to a fully fuzzy linear systemby utilizing the Kronecker and Vec-operator. Subsequently, the final solution is obtained by usingthe pseudoinverse method. A numerical example and the verification of the solution obtained arepresented to demonstrate the contribution of this study.
  • Publication
    The technique of discontinuity tracking equations for functional differential equations in 1-point implicit method
    ( 2019-12)
    Nurul Huda Abdul Aziz
    ;
    Zanariah Abdul Majid
    In this paper, the technique of discontinuity tracking equations wasproposed in order to deal with the derivative discontinuities in the numerical solution of functionaldifferential equation. This technique will be adapted in a linear multistep method with the support of Runge-Kutta Felhbergstep size strategy. Naturally, the existence of discontinuities will produce a large number of failure steps that can lead to inaccurateresults. In order to get a smooth solution, the technique of detect, locate,and treat ofthe discontinuities hasbeenincluded in the developed algorithm. The numerical results haveshown that this technique not only can improve the solution in terms of smoothness but it also enhancesthe efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method.