UniMAP RIS :: Browsing Conference Publications by Department "Universiti Malaysia Perlis"

Publication

A review of PM₁₀ concentrations modelling in Malaysia

(IOP Publishing Ltd., 2020)

Wan Nur Shaziayani

;

Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie

;

Zuraira Libasin

;

Fuziatul Norsyiha Ahmad Shukri

;

Sharifah Sarimah Syed Abdullah

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

The purpose of predictive modelling is to predict the variable of interest with reasonable precision, and often to assess the contribution of the independent variables to the dependent variable. In this paper, all of the works examined are aimed at predicting concentrations of outdoor PM₁₀ concentrations. The vast majority of the works reported used almost exclusively predictors of the meteorological and source emissions. However, the use of the Hybrid model in predicting PM₁₀ concentrations is still not widely used in Malaysia.

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Publication

Assessing Hydrological Response in the Timah-Tasoh Reservoir Sub-Catchments: Calibration and Validation using the HEC-HMS Model

( 2024)

N A S Nordin

;

Zulkarnain Hassan

;

N M Noor

;

Ain Nihla Kamarudzaman

;

A S A Ahmadni

Abstract Hydrological modelling is a tool that is frequently used for assessing the hydrological response of a basin as a result of precipitation. It is also a vital component as water resources and environmental planning management. The study deals with calibrating and validating the hydrological response in the sub-catchments of the Timah-Tasoh reservoir using the hydrological model named Hydrologic Engineering Center – Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS). This study uses the SCS Curve Number, the SCS Unit Hydrograph, the constant monthly baseflow, and lag routing for the model development. The model was simulated for ten (10) years for calibration and nine (9) years for validation. The model calibration and validation efficiency were assessed using the coefficient of correlation (R). The findings show that the HEC-HMS model performs satisfactorily in simulating the observed daily inflow series, with the R-value of 0.4902-0.5139 during calibration and 0.5047-0.5559 during validation process. Thus, the result obtained from this study can be used as a preliminary development of hydrological modelling of the catchment of the Timah-Tasoh reservoir and can be used for extend application such as water inflow forecasting, impact of land use to the reservoir and others.

Publication

Assessment of antibiotics from natural water resources and the potential ecological risk associated with their presence in aquatic ecosystems for developing advanced technologies for removal of antibiotic

(AIP Publishing, 2020)

Mihaela Ilie

;

György Deák

;

Florica Marinescu

;

Gina Ghita

;

Carmen Tociu

;

Marius Raischi

;

Gabriel Cornățeanu

;

Mădălina Boboc

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

Aquatic ecosystems provide many services for society including water for drinking, irrigation, and recreational activities. Emergent contaminants such as antibiotics that are present mainly in urban wastewater have a substantial impact on environment and human health, such as: Potential genotoxic effects, disruption of aquatic ecosystems and development of antibiotic resistance. The main objective of this paper is to develop an advanced analytical method for identifying emergent pollutants within the antibiotic category by using high performance SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS techniques from different aqueous matrices, in order to develop technologies to remove them from wastewater. The ecological risk index (RI) associated with the presence of antibiotics in aquatic ecosystems was also calculated for potential ecological risk assessment, using the ratio between the measured concentration (MC) of antibiotics detected in surface water and predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values.

Publication

Assessment of the state of Ichthyofauna from Danube River – Caleia Branch, Romania: a sustainable development context

(IOP Publiishing Ltd, 2020)

Tiberius-Marcel Danalache

;

György Deák

;

Elena Holban

;

Cosmin Parlog

;

Carmen Georgeta Nicolae

;

Stelian Matei

;

Mihai-Alexandru Cristea

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

Evaluating the state of ichthyofauna at both the Lower Danube level and at the national level contains knowledge gaps regarding species dynamics, with the most complex studies regarding species composition being undertaken more than 50 years ago. Over time, the Danube River - an important navigation route that connects Western Europe with Asia - has suffered a series of anthropogenic interventions that led to river discharge regularization, interruptions of longitudinal/latitudinal connectivity and reductions in floodplain area. These anthropogenic activities may negatively impact suitable fish habitats leading to demographical effects. The Danube is regarded as a river with high species richness that provides a source of income for the local population by the practice of commercial fishing. The area of interest for this study was selected taking into account the fact that, in the last decade, it was subject to hydrotechnical works that aim to redistribute the river discharge to improve navigation conditions. The ichthyofauna population dynamics is analyzed using an 8 year-long dataset that includes baseline data before the project started and a monitoring period after the project ended. The results indicate the presence of 38 fish species (excluding anadromous fish species – sturgeons and shads). The identified fish species are classified in two categories: 1) species of commercial interest and 2) species of Community interest. This study provides evidence that the high mobility capacity of the fish species is the main factor affecting species dynamics as support of the national efforts in action to stop the degradation of aquatic habitats and biodiversity, in response to goal 15 “Life Earth” of the UN 2030 AGENDA for sustainable development.

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Publication

Awareness of the Seismic Effect on Existing High-rise Building in Georgetown Penang

( 2024)

Shamilah Anudai @ Anuar

;

Nurul Nabila Mohd Salleh

;

Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim

;

Nor Faizah Bawadi

Abstract A seismic event is unpredictable and may occur worldwide depending on the movement of the fault line. The impact of this phenomenon on society, structures, sources and surroundings is significant to be investigated. Thus, this study aims to investigate the seismic awareness level and input information among Malaysians. Several far-field seismic activities in Malaysia have triggered some high-rise buildings, including residential and commercial ones. Due to this situation, the occupants started to worry about their safety living in high-rise buildings designed without seismic considerations. The most important initial step is to investigate the awareness level among the occupants. A survey has been conducted in Georgetown, Pulau Pinang area involving 208 respondents. Findings indicate the respondents have limited experience with seismic events in Malaysia and were never exposed to seismic information. Less than 50% declared to have adequate knowledge about seismic. Only 31.25% of the respondents were exposed to the seismic information. Respondents agree that Malaysia should apply a seismic code of practice for all construction buildings. Most respondents believe that preparation for upcoming seismic activities is still insufficient, and all new buildings should have seismic safety certificates in the future for seismic resistance.

Publication

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in Perennial wetland vegetation components from a sector of the Arges River

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Ecaterina Marcu

;

Irina-Elena Ciobotaru

;

Maria Cristina Garcia D.

;

Alexandru Anton Ivanov

;

Iasmina-Florina Burlacu

;

Naimah Ibrahim

The potential bioaccumulation of hazardous transitional heavy metals in components of the aquatic environment (such as water column, sedimentary matter, plants) constitutes one of the concerns in environmental protection engineering. This experimental investigative study used systematic measurements of the presence of selected heavy metals (cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc) in components of the aquatic environment to give an indication of their availability and their potential bioaccumulation in the perennial wetland plants. Through environmental quality data processing, this study allowed both the assessment of interphase partitioning constants of these metals throughout the analyzed aquatic environment and the estimation of their cumulative toxicity coëfficiënt. The data analysis highlighted the different potential degrees of dangers caused by metals as pollutants and the synergistic way in which they act on the aquatic environment.

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Publication

Chemical and fibre properties by Lemon Grass in chemical pulping for pulp industry

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Halizah Awang

;

Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta

;

Mohd Arif Rosli

;

Amir Detho

Malaysia has a high rate of depleting forest activities than any other tropical countries in the world. This lead to an increasing of pollution and loss of forest trees include animal to our nature. Lemon grasses as a substitute material from non-wood material had been choose for pulp and papermaking industry. This study was going through the chemical composition analysis and fibre properties for lemon grass pulp. These conclude that lemon grass had a high percentage of cellulose; with a low lignin content; good fibre length by TAPPI method. Thus, lemon grass has a potential to be alternative material for becoming waste-wealth product especially for Malaysia’s pulp and papermaking industry.

Publication

Coagulation and flocculation treatment of biodiesel wastewater using Ferric Chloride

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Zawawi Daud

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Halizah Awang

;

Nazlizan Nasir

;

Amir Detho

;

Mohd Baharudin Ridzuan

Attempts were made this study to examine of coagulation and flocculation process using ferric chloride and polyelectrolyte (cationic) for the treatment biodiesel wastewater. Removal of SS (suspended solid), color, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and Oil and Grease (O&G) using ferric chloride and organic polyelectrolyte during coagulation/flocculation process were investigated. Also the optimum condition for coagulation/flocculation process, such as pH, coagulant dosage and polyelectrolyte dosage of solution were investigated using jar test experiment. The effect of different dosage of polyelectrolyte in combination with coagulant was also studied. The result revealed that in the range of pH tested, the optimal pH is 6. Percentage removal of 95%, 93%, 63%, 97% for SS, color, COD and O&G respectively, were achieved at optimum dosage value; 350 mg/L. While, 86.3%, 86.7%, 57.2, 81% removal of SS, color, COD, O&G respectively, were achieved with the addition 10 mg/L cationic to 125 mg/L ferric chloride. It can be conclude from this study that coagulation/flocculation may be a useful as a pre-treatment process for biodiesel wastewater.

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Publication

Comparative Study of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Using Mesoporous Silica KCC-1 and SBA-15

( 2022-01-01)

Muhammad Adli Hanif

;

Naimah Ibrahim

;

Khairuddin Md Isa

;

Masitah Hasan

;

Tuan Abdullah T.A.

;

Jalil A.A.

Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emitted into the atmosphere by fossil fuel burning in the industries posed significant negative effects on humans and the environment. SO2 removal performance of two mesoporous silica: KCC-1 and SBA-15, are compared through breakthrough experiments on a lab-scale fixed bed reactor. The mesoporous silicas were characterized via nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption isotherm and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). KCC-1 demonstrates characteristics of capillary condensation and non-uniform slit-shaped pores while SBA-15 displays characteristic of a narrow range of mesopores with minimal network effects. Surface area, total pore volume and average pore diameter of KCC-1 are significantly greater than SBA-15 due to the presence of dendrimeric fibrous morphology. Under tested conditions, SO2 adsorption capacities of KCC-1 and SBA-15 are 614.01 mg/g and 274.64 mg/g, respectively. Superior performance by KCC-1 can be attributed to better accessibility of SO2 towards the active sites due to higher surface area provided by the dendrimer fibers.

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Publication

Comparing the Physical Properties of Coal Bottom Ash (CBA) Waste and Natural Aggregate

( 2022-01-01)

Syakirah Afiza Mohammed

;

Mohamed Reyad Alhadi Ahmad

;

Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim

;

Nur Liza Rahim

;

Roshazita Che Amat

;

Samsudin S.

Coal bottom ash (CBA) is a co-combustion product material, which may cause hazards to human health and the environment. Rapid growth in technology causes the increase of CBA waste and this situation led to a waste disposal crisis. Reuse waste material as an alternative material instead of natural materials can led to sustainable and environmentally friendly construction. The main objective of this study is to determine the physical properties of CBA and its suitability to be used as replacement material in civil construction. The physical properties test conducted in this research were aggregate impact value test, aggregate crushed value test, flakiness and elongation test. The results show that the ability of CBA to resist sudden shock and repeated load was lesser than natural aggregate (NA). The differences of aggregate impact value (AIV) and aggregate crushing value (ACV), between NA and CBA were 50.4% and 48.9%, respectively. In addition, CBA has higher amount of flaky and elongated particles compared to NA. The flakiness index value for NA and CBA were 7.12% and 26.10%, respectively while the difference value of elongation index between NA and CBA was 37%. However, even though the properties of CBA were not as good as NA, the results for ACV and the flakiness index of CBA meet the minimum requirement of Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) Standard Specification which indicates that CBA has potential to be used in civil construction.

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Publication

Distribution and Characteristic Sediment Material of Watershed Deli River-Sumatera, Indonesia

( 2024)

Yunita Pane

;

Fahmi Muhammad Ridwan

;

Zulkarnain Hassan

Abstract Rivers are a source of surface water and bring benefits to human life. River water quality changes along with the development of the river environment which is influenced by various activities and human life. Deli River is one of the rivers used by the people of Medan-North Sumatra as a provider of clean water and various other daily activities and is also used as a transportation route for fishermen. This study aims to determine the flooding conditions that often occur in the Deli River, this is caused by the shallowness and narrowness of the river body. In this study, the quantitative method was taking sediment samples at several points along the river starting from upstream, middle, and downstream with research time on 7 July 2023. The results obtained from this study were river sediment material along the Deli River from upstream to downstream generally has a grain size of 65% sand, a grain size of 26% clay, a grain size of silt 6.3%, and a grain size of gravel 3.7%. The upstream sediments are dominated by sand-sized sediments and in the middle (between the upstream and downstream) the sediments are dominated by clay-sand-sized sediments, while the downstream sediments are predominantly sandy loam. The flooding of the Deli River is caused by the reduced capacity of the river, high intensity of rainfall in the upper reaches, and narrowing of the river and high sediment deposits in the middle to lower reaches so flooding often occurs along the Deli River.

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Publication

Effect of additives on the ash element from combustion of palm fiber and shell

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

J Nor Ruwaida

;

M Dewika

;

S Shahidana

;

M Rashid

;

Abd Halim Md Ali

;

M P Khairunnisa

;

M R Ammar

;

Zahiruddin S.

;

Sara Yasina Yusuf

Palm fibre and shell (F&S) are commonly used in the combustion process to produce steam and electricity in palm oil mills in Malaysia. Unfortunately, the combustion process releases various types of elements that tends to react with each other contributing to operational and environmental issues. Thus, this motivated, a study to evaluate the concentration of the elements such as C, O, Si, K, and Al in the ash with the presence of two combustion additive which are Kaolin and PreKotTM. The study was performed by simulating the industrial combustion in a laboratory-scale fluidised-bed reactor with addition of the additives at 8% ratio from the 40 g total weight of each sample at 800°C with the supply of 50% excess air at 1.24 L/min air flow. The ash residue were investigated for elemental composition on the ash surface. Interestingly, the study showed that the concentration of the element on the ash surface increased with the addition of additives especially at a 50% ratio of Kaolin and PreKotTM. The higher concentration of the element on the ash surface indicates the reduction of fine particulate. Hence, the study revealed that addition of Kaolin & PrekotTM in combustion process has a promising future not only within palm oil industry but also other industry.

Publication

Effect of bottom ash and limestone on the optimum binder content in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)

( 2022-01-01)

Nur Liza Rahim

;

Syakirah Afiza Mohammed

;

Noor Aina Misnon

;

Nurhidayah Hamzah

;

Roshazita Che Amat

;

Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim

;

Christina Remmy Entalai

;

Deák György

One of the most effective and simplest methods to minimize waste as well as reduce the environmental problems associated with waste disposal is by utilizing waste materials as a cement replacement in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures which can provide the same or better stability as the conventional method. Fillers play an important role in the stability and strength of the pavement by filling voids between the aggregate particles in the performance of the HMA mixture. This research investigated the effect of the utilization of different types of filler (bottom ash and limestone) on the optimum binder content of HMA. Flow, stability, stiffness, air void in mix (VIM) and void filled with bitumen (VFB) were determined using the Marshal Method test in order to determine the optimum binder content of HMA for all mineral filler. The results of the Marshall test for each filler have been compared with the JKR standard specification. The optimum binder content for bottom ash, limestone and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was 5.42%, 5.65% and 5.54%, respectively. All values of mineral filler used meet the JKR standard specification, where the range is between 4 and 6%. From the result achieved, the bottom ash has the lower optimum binder content value compared to the limestone and OPC. When the lower binder content is used in the bituminous mixture, the cost for pavement construction will be reduced.

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Publication

Effect of dye sensitized solar cell fabricated with different thickness of Rutile-Anatase TiO₂ electrode on the electrical performance

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Nair Gomesh

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Song-Quan Ong

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Syafinar Ramli

DSSC is in the third generation of PV technology which employ easily available raw material with low cost manufacturing methods. Dye- Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) consist of a photo electrochemical cell of oxide semiconductor layer, dye molecules, electrolyte and counter electrode. This paper presents the comparison of the thickness of the TiO₂ using Rutile-Anatase composition at 1:4 ratioto the electrical performance of the DSSC. The Dr. Blade method was employed to the fabrication of the DSSC with a reference dyes and platinum sputtered technique counter electrode. The result shows that solar cell with an efficiency of 0.36 % of was produced from electrode film thickness of 10 µm. Further increase in the thickness shows decreased of the efficiency, especially the short circuit current. From the experiment conducted, it shows the 10 µm is suitable size to fabricate the DSSC using the RA-TiO₂ but further investigation is needed to verify the electron transfer efficiency and recombination rate in thicker/thinner films.

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Publication

Effect on product Yield and Tar composition through co-gasification of pretreated palm kernel shell and Mukah Balingian coal

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Razi Ahmad

;

Mohd Azlan Mohd Ishak

;

Nur Nasulhah Kasim

;

Khudzir Ismail

In this study, co-gasification of palm kernel shell (PKS) and Mukah Balingian (MB) coal was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. The effect of sample pretreatment of both samples were explored via co-gasification towards product yields and tar composition. Results indicated that, pretreated blending samples produced higher gas yield with lower tar and char yield than the untreated blending samples. This was due to low moisture and oxygenated components of the pretreated samples prior to co-gasification. The tar composition of the pretreated blending samples showed increasing in the aromatic and aliphatic alkane, whereas, noticeable decreasing of phenol and carbonyl. Thus, pretreated of PKS and MB coal have prominence influence on the distribution of product yields and tar composition through co-gasification.

Publication

Effectiveness of workstation towards production performance in manufacturing company using ARENA simulation

(AIP Publishing, 2023)

Ahmad Nur Aizat Ahmad

;

Md Fauzi Ahmad

;

Norhadilah Abdul Hamid

;

Nor Aziati Abdul Hamid

;

Lee Tee Chuan

;

Gusman Nawanir

;

Adnan Bakri

;

Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim

Workstation arrangement is one of the factors that can give a significant impact on the company’s performance. Poor implementation of the workstation can lead to an ineffective and inefficient work system which may limit the rate of productivity, poor utilization of resources, high rate of rejection, and many more. For the company of this study, which is XYZ Furniture Sdn Bhd, they face limited production over a certain period by using existing machines which can make the production rate become inefficient. Thus, this study is conducted to solve the problem by proposing several solutions to the company. Based on the findings obtained from this method, the researchers found that there are some shortcomings in the workstation layout that has been used in the factory that causes them to be unable to maximize daily production and cause them losses due to having to work overtime to ensure their daily targets are achieved. The use of this ARENA simulation method is important because this application can create an overview of the movement of a process with more organized and accurate simulation results. Thus, this study is conducted to solve the problem by proposing several solutions to the company. Based on the result, there was a positive increase of 34 units of wood pieces equivalent to 7.08%. This improvement is very good and gives a considerable impact on the company and can help the company in growing its business in the future.

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Publication

Electrical performance based on the thickness of electrode using anatase TiO₂ dye sensitized solar cell

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Nair Gomesh

;

Zawawi Daud

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Syafinar Ramli

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

Solar cell research is an ongoing process to obtain a trade-off between the efficiency to price ratio. In the process to obtain high efficiency at lower cost, the dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) emerge as the potential candidate. There have been many calls for an alternative method to a solar cell production compared to the current Si-solar cell production. This paper briefly discusses the comparison of using Anatase based titanium dioxide (A-TiO₂) at different thickness to the electrical performance of the DSSC. The Dr. Blade method was employed to the fabrication of the DSSC with a reference dyes and platinum deposition technique which acts as a counter electrode. Overall result shows that the 10µm thickness displays improved performance in the solar cell efficiency as compared to other electrode thickness fabricated and tested. The factors that improves the electrical performance based on the electrode thickness have been discussed in the paper.

Publication

Evaluation of pulp from napier grass by biochemical pulping for paper industry

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Zawawi Daud

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Halizah Awang

;

Mohd Zainuri Mohd Hatta

;

Mohd Baharudin Ridzuan

;

Amir Detho

Malaysia has high rates of accelerating faster on depleting activities compared any other tropical countries in the world. This problem also affects the economic losses of some countries that face deforestation. To overcome this, Napier grass from non-wood was chosen between new methods by xylanase enzyme treatment for pulp production. This study going through the morphological characterization, pulpability at kappa number and the characteristic for biochemical pulping process. These conclude that biochemical had a high percentage of pulp yields; with a low screening rejects; good Kappa number by TAPPI method. Thus, xylanase enzyme has a potential to be sub-treatment for Malaysia’s pulp and papermaking industry to produce a good waste-wealth product in future.

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Publication

Experimental approach for chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen removal from natural rubber wastewater via adsorption by kaolin

(IOP Publishing, 2020)

Zawawi Daud

;

Ragunathan Al Santiagoo

;

Husnul Azan Tajarudin

;

Nair Gomesh

;

Halizah Awang

;

Nazlizan Nasir

;

Mohd Baharudin Ridzuan

;

Amir Detho

Natural rubber is an important material because of its high strength compared to synthetic rubber. However, the production process of natural rubber discharges a large amount of wastewater containing high concentrations of organic compounds and nitrogen. Therefore, discharging natural rubber processing wastewater without an appropriate treatment can lead to environmental problems such as deterioration of water quality and eutrophication. In this study, the batch adsorption experiment was carried out for the removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia nitrogen from natural rubber wastewater using kaolin as adsorbent. The efficiency of the kaolin was studied by varying the parameters adsorbent dose, pH, shaking speed and contact time. The experimental equilibrium data for this system has been analyzed using the linearized forms of Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. COD and ammonia nitrogen removal efficiencies were 71.6% and 75.8%, respectively. While, Langmuir isotherm was found to provide the best theoretical correlation of the experimental data.

Publication

General framework for ecosystem assessment for measures to adapt and mitigate the effects of climate change

(IOP Publishing Ltd, 2020)

Coman Valentina

;

Voicu Madalina

;

Laslo Lucian

;

Rotaru Anda

;

Matei Monica

;

Bara Norbert

;

Enache Natalia

;

Boboc Madalina

;

Deak György

;

Tanciu Silvius

;

Norazian Mohamed Noor

The effects of climate change are becoming more intense in the last decades. Moreover, according to many official reports, climate changes are directly affecting ecosystems and their services. To assess the impact of climate change on ecosystems, various methods are being used in order to identify changes and interactions with other pressures such as degradation or fragmentation. Adaptation and mitigation measures on the effects of climate change generally include land use changes and land use practices. In order to assess the effectiveness of adaptation and mitigation measures, the services provided by ecosystems and their status are monitored. The paper presents the general framework for evaluating adaptation and mitigation measures and it is based on research from reference works that generally recommend how to evaluate adaptation and mitigation measures. A local adaptation of the mitigation and adaptation framework is presented, by identifying methods for assessing state indicators and ecosystem services. Depending on the availability and accuracy of the data, are proposed methods structured on different levels of detail such as: statistical data, field measurements, modeling software. The application of the proposed methods was verified in a case study: Divici Pojejena wetland, for which detailed methods of assessing the state and services of ecosystems were used.

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