Nur Liza Rahim
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Nur Liza Rahim
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Nur Liza, Rahim
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Rahim, Nur Liza
Rahim, N. L.
Rahim, Nur Alis Addiena A.
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Scopus Author ID
55754434900

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  • Publication
    Investigating the effect of steel wire and carbon black from worn out tyre on the strength of concrete
    ( 2024-10)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Ali Naqiuddin Zamah Shari
    ;
    Nur Zakiah Anis Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norshah Aizat Shuaib
    ;
    György Deak
    Technology in concrete is rapidly developing to improve the quality and properties of concrete. One of the many recycled materials is worn-out tyres. Currently, the use of tires is very widespread considering the use of vehicles that increase from time to time. Piles of discarded tires can cause a lot of damage to the environment. So, by using steel wire waste (SWW) as new fiber reinforcement in concrete and with the combination with carbon black (CB), it is hoped that, by doing this, not only it could improve the quality of concrete, but also preserves the environment. Therefore, the objective of this research was, to identify the properties of fresh concrete with the addition of SWW and CB, and also to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of hardened concrete, incorporating of SWW as additional fiber reinforcement and CB. For fresh concrete, workability using a slump test was conducted. Several tests were carried out on the properties of hardened concrete. Among them were compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength, and water absorption. The physical appearance of the concrete has also been examined and recorded. There are four batches of concrete which consist of one control batch and three batches of concrete with various weights of SWW which are in the portion of 300 g, 600 g, and 900 g, and the weight of CB is maintained at 300 g for all batches. For workability, all concrete batches with the addition of SWW and CB show acceptable workability. For the case of the density of fresh concrete, samples containing 900 g addition of SWW have the highest density which was 2520 kg/m³, as expected. Results for water absorption show that the lowest value is contributed by the control sample which was 7.6%. For compressive and flexural strength, 300 g addition of SWW has the highest value which was 28.52 MPa for compressive strength and 7.52 MPa for flexural strength. Lastly, for splitting tensile strength, the highest value was also obtained when 300 g addition of SW was added which was 5.4 MPa. To conclude, SWW and CB can be added to concrete to obtain comparable strength of concrete. However, some modifications could be made to both recycle materials to improve concrete performance.
  • Publication
    Validation Of Shear Failure On Bolted Connection For Nyatoh Hardwood
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Ujan X.L.A.
    ;
    Karim A.R.A.
    ;
    Sa’Don N.M.
    ;
    Sahari S.H.
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Quenneville P.
    The lack of consideration of brittle failure by the Malaysian Timber Standard (MS544-5) in the design of bolted connections for local hardwood can be seen from the unacceptable under-design performance shown by the code. This makes the design output costly because of the increased use of steel materials due to either bigger bolt diameters or larger bolt quantities required. The current study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of the existing design equations for bolted connections in Nyatoh hardwood. This present study was to propose a set of optimised equations that can be used for the retrofit design of wall-diaphragm connections in unreinforced masonry buildings. The row shear failure observed in the tested bolted connections of Nyatoh hardwood was also reported. Ten different bolted connection configuration details in the manner of a steel-wood-steel arrangement were tested, which all had a single row bolted connection. By using the linear regression method in analysing the experimental data obtained, a calibration factor for optimising the Row Shear Model (RSM) equation was identified. From the comparisons made between the experimental results and the strength predictions given by both MS544-5 and RSM, it was found that the design strength calculated from MS544-5 was too conservative for predicting the bolted connection strength in Nyatoh hardwood, whereas the RSM predictions were acceptable and recommended.
  • Publication
    Effectiveness validation on existing design equations for sustainable design of mansory building retrofits
    ( 2022-06-01)
    Ujan X.L.
    ;
    Karim A.R.A.
    ;
    Sa’Don N.M.
    ;
    Yao T.X.
    ;
    Quenneville P.
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    Due to the unsatisfactory performance of MS544-5 in estimating the design capacity of bolted timber connections, this present study was initiated to validate the existing predictive equations used by the Malaysian Standard (MS544-5). An evaluation of the European Yield Model (EYM) equation was also done to provide an optimal design equation for the bolted connection design in local hardwood. To verify these two sets of equations, a series of bolted timber connection tests was conducted on Nyatoh hardwood. Nyatoh was chosen as its strength makes it ideal for use as structural timbers, either as roof rafters or floor joists in masonry building constructions. The bolted timber connection tests conducted involved eight types of bolt configurations and the tests on each configuration was done in sets of 10 specimens. The experimental values obtained were then compared with the predictive equations of MS544-5 and EYM to examine their effectiveness. From the comparison, it was found that the prediction values given by MS544-5 were overly conservative with an average effective ratio of 0.34 while the EYM had an average effective ratio of 1.09. Thus, the use of EYM equations was recommended for the sustainable retrofit design development of Malaysian masonry buildings
  • Publication
    The behaviour of Reinforced Concrete Beams by Using Expanded Polystyrene Beads and Palm Oil Fuel Ash as Replacement Materials
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Osman M.H.
    ;
    Chin L.Y.
    ;
    Suraya Hani Adnan
    ;
    Jeni M.L.M.
    ;
    Jusoh W.A.W.
    ;
    Salim S.
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Wysłocki J.J.
    The Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams containing Expanded Polystyrene Beads (EPS) and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as sand and cement replacement with a percentage between 10% and 30%were studied in terms of load-deflection behaviour. RC beam’s size was 1000×150×150 mm and simply supported at spaced 750 mm apart. The 10% of POFA without EPS shows a slight increase which is 0.26% higher than normal concrete in compressive strength. The ultimate load and flexural performance of RC beams with EPS and POFA exhibited a decreasing trend. All beams’ ultimate load exceeds the design value. The cracks of the RC beam may be classified as vertical flexural cracks, and some of the cracks can be classified as shear cracks based on the crack angle. As the percentage of EPS and POFA increases above 20% for all specimens, cracking starts to change to shear cracking.
  • Publication
    Experimental Investigation on the Effectiveness of Truss-Shaped Punching Shear Reinforcement in Flat Slab
    ( 2022-07-18)
    Shamshinar Salehuddin
    ;
    Zaini S.S.
    ;
    Johari M.A.M.
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    The use of reinforced concrete flat slabs in building construction increases the floor-to-floor clearance, expedites site operations, and offers aesthetically rewarding features. However, punching shear failure in a flat slab is brittle in nature and can be potentially catastrophic. Many studies have been conducted to improve the punching shear capacity of flat slabs but some of the proposed punching shear reinforcements were complicated and costly. This research aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a simple and cost-effective; truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement embedded in a 1200 mm × 1200 mm × 175 mm thick flat slab specimen. Three types of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcements were prepared. All specimens were supported at the edges and subjected to gravity load tests. The results showed that the introduction of truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement increased the punching shear capacity in the range of 7.71% to 21.47%. The maximum deflection of these specimens exhibited an insignificant increase compared to the control specimen, suggesting that punching failure governed the ultimate behavior. The additional strength offered by truss-shaped punching shear reinforcement makes flat slabs as a construction material more appealing because they allow them to withstand higher design loads.
  • Publication
    Effect of bolt configurations on stiffness for steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods in Malaysia
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Sheng F.T.S.
    ;
    Karim A.R.A.
    ;
    Nabialek M.
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Sroka M.
    Steel-wood-steel connection is widely seen in many applications, such as timber structures. The stiffness of steel-wood-steel connection loaded parallel to grain for softwoods originated from Malaysia was investigated in this study. Numerical models have been developed in ABAQUS to study the stiffness connection. Softwoods of Damar Minyak and Podo have been selected in this analysis. The comprehensive study focused on the effect of bolt configurations on stiffness. Numerical analysis is carried out and the developed model has been validated with the previous study. Further investigations have been made by using the validated model. From this model, numerical analysis of the stiffness values have been made for various bolt configurations, including bolt diameter, end distance, bolt spacing, number of rows and bolts and edge distance. The result shows that the stiffness of bolted timber connections for softwood depends on the bolt diameter, number of rows and bolts, end distance and edge distance. Based on the result, stiffness increased as the diameter of the bolt, end distance, number of rows and bolts and edge distance increased. It is also discovered that the stiffness equation in Eurocode 5 (EC5) is inadequate as the equation only considered parameters which are wood density and bolt diameter. Other connection parameters such as geometry are not considered in the EC5 equation.
  • Publication
    Improving Iron and Copper Uptake by Changing the Ratios in Root of Vetiver Grass
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Halim N.S.A.
    ;
    Hamzah N.
    ;
    Baharudin F.
    ;
    Zainuddin N.S.
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Kamil N.A.F.M.
    ;
    Akbar N.A.
    ;
    Zin N.S.M.
    Phytoremediation using Vetiver grass (VG) has been used in the past few decades all over the world, but the effectiveness of its uptake mechanism in water has less been discussed especially in mixed metal conditions. Hence, the focus of this research was to determine and evaluate the heavy metal removal effectiveness of two heavy metals, copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), based on vetiver grass uptake and toxicity. Three treatments of Fe and Cu mixture were chosen, and individual concentrations act as a control. The vetiver grass at a height of 10 cm and a root length of 25 cm for each treatment was used and harvested on days 0,1, 3, 6 and 7. The roots were randomly cut, oven-dried and used the digestion method to extract the Fe and Cu in the root. From the result, vetiver grass has better Fe and Cu uptake ability in the mixture treatment compared to the individual treatment. Fe uptake is increasing up to 25.3 % in the presence of Cu (mixture 1). Meanwhile, for Cu, mixture 3 is an ideal ratio to increase the Cu uptake by 14.5%. It shows that both Fe and Cu facilitated each other's uptake in real wastewater conditions. There were also observed minimal toxicity signs such as necrosis throughout the experiment. The appearance of vetiver grass has changed in this experiment starting day 3 and remains yellowish. In conclusion, wastewater that contains a high concentration of Fe than Cu can promise the improvement of both Fe and Cu uptake by vetiver grass. This study benefits researchers that apply phytoremediation to remove heavy metals in wastewater by providing a guideline for Fe and Cu removal by vetiver grass. In future, the study will focus on the mechanism and interaction of Fe and Cu uptake by root
  • Publication
    Sustainable utilisation of quarry dust waste in concrete: Strength performance
    ( 2020-12-29)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Abd Rahim, Noor Aini Syafiqah
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Hamzah N.
    ;
    Misnon N.A.
    Each year, a large amount of quarry dust (QD) waste is disposed into landfills. This waste material was obtained as a by-product during the production of aggregates through the crushing process of rocks at the quarry site. The increasing value of waste will have a significant impact on health and the environment. Reusing such wastes by including them into building materials is a practical answer for the pollution problem. Therefore, this research was to observe the possibility of quarry dust to be included in a concrete mix. The quarry dust has been used as a partial replacement for cement proportion at different levels of replacement (25%, 30% and 35%). Quarry dust was used as the main material in this project to measure the effectiveness of concrete performance. In this research, the quarry dust composition was determined by using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRF). From the x-ray fluorescent spectrometry test result, the quarry dust displays some similar characteristics with the Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) where it comprises a high composition of Calcium Oxide (CaO). Research were done to determine the optimum percentage of quarry dust in concrete. The result shows that 25% of quarry dust and 75% of cement is the best percentage that can be used in concrete mixture to reach the standard strength. From an economic point of view, the proposed optimum concrete mix was found to be the most economical with the reducing of RM 33 per 1 m3 of the concrete mixture. The results indicated that the quarry dust waste could be utilised as cement replacement to produce durable and resilient concrete. These materials could be an alternative low-cost material for concrete and at the same time provide a new disposal method for the waste.
      5  20
  • Publication
    Performance of Sugar Cane Baggage Ash (SCBA) as Partially Replacement of Cement in Concrete
    ( 2023-10-04)
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Cheah S.W.
    ;
    Ayob A.
    ;
    Nor Faizah Bawadi
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Shamilah Anudai @ Anuar
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Umar Kassim
    Sugar cane is main food crop in tropical and subtropical countries. It is the main resource for the sugar production. Sugar cane bagasse (SCB) is a waste that produced after the juice extraction of sugarcane while sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) produced after the control burning of SCB. The use of waste products as partial replacement for the material in concrete can help to reduce the environmental and economic problem. Since the cost of construction materials such as cement is increasing spirally and agricultural waste such as SCBA can be obtained at low cost, it has a good potential to use in concrete as cement replacement. In this study, the workability, density, and compressive strength of the concrete been chosen to compare with the green concrete. Three different types concrete cube have been casted in this study, na1111mely; 0, 5%, 7.5%, 10% of SCBA to replace for cement. The size of the cube samples to be casted is 100 x 100 x 100 mm and cured for 7 and 28 days. The study show that the optimum percentage for SCBA concrete is 5%, it give the highest compressive strength value compare to other percentage at 28 days.
      4  26
  • Publication
    The Effect of Concrete Mix Incorporating Different Percentage of Dolomite Fines
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Ivin C.
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Afizah Ayob
    ;
    Shamilah Anudai @ Anuar
    ;
    Nor Faizah Bawadi
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Shahidan S.
    ;
    Zuki S.S.M.
    ;
    Ahmad A.N.A.
    Since the cost of cement increases and the pollution to environment due to greenhouse effect are becoming more serious year by year, thus, dolomite fines subjected to replace the cement in concrete mix as it has lower cost compared to cement. In this research, the replacement of cement with dolomite fines carried out in this study is 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 25%. The grade of concrete a designed to be 30. A total of 45 units of 150 mm x 150 mm x 150 mm concrete cube and 30 units of cylindrical concrete sample with diameter of 150 mm and height of 300 mm designed in this study. The properties of concrete sample in terms of compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, ultra-pulse velocity and rebound hammer test for various percentage replacement are determined in this study. The tests on concrete sample carried out at the age of 7-days and 28-days. Overall, its shows that 10 % replacement of cement with dolomite fines provided the highest strength to the concrete in terms of compressive strength and splitting tensile strength.
      2  28