Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
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Preferred name
Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
Official Name
Syakirah Afiza, Mohammed
Alternative Name
Mohammed, S. A.
Mohammed, Syakirah Afiza
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Scopus Author ID
56371130800
Researcher ID
FMO-2519-2022

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  • Publication
    Potential of pretreated palm kernel shell on pyrolysis
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Wan Ahmad W.A.M.
    ;
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Ibrahim N.R.
    The impact of pretreatment on palm kernel shell (PKS) with torrefaction for the possibility of pyrolysis is discussed in this study. PKS samples were torrefied at different holding times of 30 and 60 minutes at temperatures of 200, 225, 250, 275, and 300 °C. In a fixed-bed reactor with a constant nitrogen flow rate of 500 ml/min, torrefaction pretreatment was carried out. The elemental composition, mass, and energy yield, as well as proximate analysis, were all performed on the pretreated PKS. The optimised pretreated PKS was pyrolyzed next at a temperature of 400 to 550 °C in a fixed-bed reactor. The outcomes demonstrated that the pretreated PKS had a significant mass and energy yield at a temperature of 250 °C and a holding time of 30 min. PKS's calorific value and carbon content both rose after pretreatment. However, the oxygen and moisture content decreased for pretreated PKS. The maximum bio-oil production of 58% was achieved during the pyrolysis of pretreated PKS at a temperature of 500 °C. At higher temperature of 550 ℃, the bio-oil decreased due to secondary cracking reaction. Consequently, the pretreated PKS has greater potential as effective feedstock for successive proses particularly pyrolysis for bio-oil production.
  • Publication
    Waste to concrete material: Potential Study of Chemical Characterization of Coal Fly Ash and Bottom Ash
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Hamzah N.
    ;
    Samsudin S.
    ;
    Shamshinar Salehuddin
    ;
    Mustaqqim Abdul Rahim
    ;
    Holban E.
    This research focuses on the chemical properties of coal fly ash (CFA) and coal bottom ash (CBA) obtained from Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant and compares them with the characteristics of ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Coal has been recognised as a significant fuel source in Malaysia, where it is extensively employed in the creation of steel, cement, and power. When coal is burned to create power, several different types of coal ash are created, including fly ash, bottom ash, boiler slag, and clinker. Fly and bottom ash, however, are the main coal ash waste products that have been created. In an effort to create sustainable concrete from waste, a number of studies have been carried out to ascertain the chemical characteristics of fly and bottom ash. These tests include Energy Disperse X-Ray (EDX), Mineralogy (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). From the SEM result, fly ash has smaller particles and a spherical, uniform shape than bottom ash and cement. Fly and bottom ash from the Sultan Azlan Shah power plant contain a number of elements, including Silicon (Si), Aluminium (Al), Oxygen (O), Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Iron (Fe), Magnesium (Mg), Potassium (K), Carbon (C), and Sodium, according to Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) test. The fly ash is primarily an amorphous material, with the presence of quartz crystalline phase (SiO2) at 24.3% and bottom ash at 31.1%, according to X-ray Diffraction (XRD) data. For the mullite phase (3AlO3.2SiO2), fly and bottom ash show results of 24.9% and 14.5%, respectively. According to an X-ray fluorescence (XRF) investigation, the main constituents of fly and bottom ash are silica, iron, and alumina. Fly ash is classified as Class F because it has a high concentration of SiO2, Al2O3, and Fe2O3 while OPC has a high CaO value. With the right composition and material preparation, CFA and CBA from the Sultan Azlan Shah Power Plant can be used as a cement replacement in concrete.
      1  29
  • Publication
    Investigation on Medicated Drugs in ECG of Healthy Subjects
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Lim Chee Chin
    Heart diseases are now the leading cause of death worldwide, it is estimated that around 7 million patients who are living in developed countries, lost their lives due to diseases related to their cardiovascular system. In Malaysia, cardiovascular diseases represents one fifth of total deaths in the country in the past three decades. Currently patients need some sort of drugs that help them to stabilize and restore the regular patterns of their heart beat because if the patients cannot manage to restore the normal heart beat pattern, the undesired heart condition could lead life threatening situations. Advancement of biotechnology has enabled the creation of new medicated drugs to provide better treatment options. However, when this treatment option fails and there is a need to provide emergency intervention to the patients in hospitals, the medical experts often need to know about the patients' intake of any medications prior to hospital admittance for providing suitable treatments. Sometimes, this would be a difficult task as the patient might be admitted in semi-conscious or unconscious state. Therefore, this study focusses on identification of different medicated drugs usage through analysis of ECG data of the users. The data for the experiment was obtained from physionet library, which provides ECG data of subjects administered with a combination of Dofetilide, Mexiletine, lidocaine, Moxifloxacin and Diltiazem medicated drugs. The use of morphological and non-linear features derived from the ECG signals were able to provide prediction accuracy of 77.26% using SVM classifier.
      42  2
  • Publication
    Structural Characteristics and Microstructure Analysis of Soft Soil Stabilised with Fine Ground Tile Waste
    ( 2023-08-01)
    Md Isa M.H.
    ;
    Koting S.
    ;
    Hashim H.
    ;
    Aziz S.A.
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    Using ceramic tile waste as a soil stabiliser in road construction is a potential solution to dispose of the waste material while providing a cost-effective alternative to traditional stabilising agents. The ceramic tile waste, when crushed and mixed with soil, helps to improve the strength and durability of the road base. However, the effectiveness of the ceramic tile waste as a soil stabiliser depends on the type and size of ceramic tiles used and the soil properties being stabilised. This study investigated the effect of ground tile waste on the plasticity, compatibility, and mechanical properties such as the unconfined compressive strength (UCS), indirect tensile test (IDT), flexural test (FS), and microstructural analysis. A range of soil mixtures was prepared by adding the different percentages of fine tile waste (TW): 5% to 40%. Including tile waste in the soil led to a decrease in its water-holding capacity, reducing the optimum moisture content required for optimal compaction. Meanwhile, the maximum dry density increased. The UCS, IDT, and FS improved when the optimum 15% of TW was used in the mixes. However, the strength decreased after 20% of the TW addition. This effect was particularly pronounced in the presence of excessive TW contents in soil samples without a pozzolanic reaction. Reusing tile waste as a soil stabiliser can significantly reduce the costs of purchasing new materials and helps to conserve natural resources and reduce the environmental impact of waste disposal.
      1  18
  • Publication
    A Properties of Municipal Solid Waste Incineration Fly Ash (IFA) And Cement Used in The Manufacturing of New Inventive Blended Cement
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Izzatul Nurain Che Sang Beri
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    Municipal solid waste incinerator fly (IFA) ash is prone to accumulate high concentration heavy metals. Due to the increasing costs to treat remaining fly ash at the landfill, a lot of research has been done to recycle IFA. This study was focusing on the properties of IFA and cement as main raw materials in new inventive blended cement. The properties of blended cement were also being investigated. Properties of IFA and cement were examined through several test which includes density, specific gravity, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Loss of Ignition (LOI) and through Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) test. The density test and LOI test were also being done for the blended cement. From the tests for IFA and cement, it can be found that density the density of fly ash and cement that has been used for this study were found to be 0.76 g/cm3 and 3.67 g/cm3 respectively. Then, the specific gravity of fly ash and cement were 1.69 and 2.98, accordingly. XRF results shows that both materials have highest content of aluminium, silica and iron, as expected. LOI of fly ash and cement were found to be 17.33 % and 12.33 %, respectively. In terms of the leaching rates of heavy metals (Mn, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu), only Cd leached at rate 2.39 mg/L, which is above the USEPA's regulatory level, 1.0 mg/L. 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of IFA was mixed with cement to produced blended cement. As the density of blended cement, it was found to be 1.12 g/cm3, 1.08 g/cm3 and 1.09 g/cm3 for each of 5 %, 10 % and 15 % of fly ash in blended cement.
      5  30
  • Publication
    Effect of bottom ash and limestone on the optimum binder content in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA)
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Noor Aina Misnon
    ;
    Nurhidayah Hamzah
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Christina Remmy Entalai
    ;
    Deák György
    One of the most effective and simplest methods to minimize waste as well as reduce the environmental problems associated with waste disposal is by utilizing waste materials as a cement replacement in hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixtures which can provide the same or better stability as the conventional method. Fillers play an important role in the stability and strength of the pavement by filling voids between the aggregate particles in the performance of the HMA mixture. This research investigated the effect of the utilization of different types of filler (bottom ash and limestone) on the optimum binder content of HMA. Flow, stability, stiffness, air void in mix (VIM) and void filled with bitumen (VFB) were determined using the Marshal Method test in order to determine the optimum binder content of HMA for all mineral filler. The results of the Marshall test for each filler have been compared with the JKR standard specification. The optimum binder content for bottom ash, limestone and Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) was 5.42%, 5.65% and 5.54%, respectively. All values of mineral filler used meet the JKR standard specification, where the range is between 4 and 6%. From the result achieved, the bottom ash has the lower optimum binder content value compared to the limestone and OPC. When the lower binder content is used in the bituminous mixture, the cost for pavement construction will be reduced.
      4  2
  • Publication
    Early Detection of Diabetic Foot Ulcers through Wearable Shoe Design
    ( 2022-01-01)
    Vikneswaran Vijean
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Razi Ahmad
    ;
    Wan Amiza Amneera Wan Ahmad
    ;
    Ragunathan Al Santiagoo
    ;
    Abdul Ghapar Ahmad
    ;
    Palaniappan R.
    Diabetes Mellitus is categorized as a chronic metabolic disease where blood glucose levels are abnormal. Diabetic foot ulcer is a complication often associated with this disease. Diabetes foot ulcer is also commonly known as diabetes foot pain. It is a type of foot damage medical condition that progresses from diabetes mellitus. According to scientific data, almost 15% of diabetes patients may develop diabetes foot ulcer in their lifetime [1]. A foot ulcer is an open wound that commonly found under the feet, it can be a shallow open wound on the surface of the skin (less severe) or it can be a deep wound which exposes bones, tendons and joints [2]. However, if early prevention is carried out, diabetes patients might be able to avoid problems from diabetes foot ulcer. Thus, in this study, a wearable shoe prototype for early detection of foot ulcers is proposed to be used in home. The developed device will be associated with temperature sensor, vibration motor and pressure sensor. This device enables diabetes patients to carry out evaluation on their foot in daily life. With this device, early symptoms of foot ulcer can be detected and the seriousness of foot ulcer can be monitored.
      3  38
  • Publication
    Preservation of Natural Resources by Utilizing Combustion Ash In Concrete and Determination of Its Engineering Properties
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Rahim M.A.
    ;
    Zailani W.W.A.
    ;
    Laslo L.
    ;
    Muhamad N.
    Due to the large amount of combustion ash being thrown into landfills, which can lead to environmental pollution, new alternatives to construction materials can be developed by utilising this combustion ash as a part of the main raw materials, while at the same time helping to preserve natural resources in the concrete manufacturing industry. Generally, using new waste materials will eventually affect the engineering properties of concrete. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to analyse the engineering properties of concrete containing combustion ash as a partial replacement for ordinary Portland cement (OPC). CA can be classified as combustion bottom ash (CBA) and combustion fly ash (CFA). CA is tested for its chemical compositions using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), and its four main compositions, which are silica, alumina, iron, and calcium, are examined and discussed extensively. Other testing for the property of CA includes Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) and specific gravity testing for coarse aggregate. To produce sustainable concrete from waste, several tests have been conducted to determine the engineering properties of the concrete, such as compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength. Results show that CA, which consists mainly of silica dioxide, contributed to the strength of concrete. SEM images show that CBA has a porous structure with an angular and rough texture, whereas CFA has more rounded particles, which influence the overall compressive strength. Furthermore, it was discovered that as the proportion of CBA utilised increased, the compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength of the concrete improved. Based on the results of the testing, CBA is suggested for use as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete.
      31  1
  • Publication
    Recycled Incineration Bottom Ash and Metakaolin as Sustainable Materials for Cement Replacement in Cementitious Composites
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Roshazita Che Amat
    ;
    Syakirah Afiza Mohammed
    ;
    Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim
    ;
    Nur Liza Rahim
    ;
    Khairel Rafezi Ahmad
    ;
    Raischi M.
    Study was related to the influence of the concrete properties by using different percentages of metakaolin and fixed percent of incineration bottom ash to partially replace the cement. Cement is a well-known building material and used for the construction in the world. Moreover, the used of metakaolin (MK) and incineration bottom ash (IBA) in this research would give significance to our environment as it can reduce the usage of cement in concrete. By using bottom ash, it could reduce the land filling space. The X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) test was used to determine the chemical composition of IBA and MK. Four series of concrete have been examined, including control, IBA and MK were used as partial replacement for cement at 10%IBA + 10%MK, 10%IBA + 15%MK and 10%IBA + 20%MK of concrete mixes by volume. The curing period for the samples is 7 days and 28 days. To determine the properties of concrete, the tests such as slump test, density test, water absorption test, pulse velocity test, rebound hammer test and compression test were performed. The results proved that the strength development of 10%IBA + 10%MK concrete sample shows the highest compressive strength after 28 days of curing.
      1  17