Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
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Preferred name
Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
Official Name
Abdulah, Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri
Alternative Name
Abdullah, M.M.A.
M.M.A. Abdullah
Mustafa Al Bakri, A. M.
Albakri Abdullah, M. M.
Main Affiliation
CeGeoGTech UniMAP
Scopus Author ID
53164519100

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  • Publication
    Evaluation on the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating eggshell with tire powder
    ( 2021)
    Rokiah Othman
    ;
    Beng Wei Chong
    ;
    Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
    ;
    Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Mohd Haziman Wan Ibrahim
    The construction industry is the largest consumer of raw materials which are under the risk of exhaustion and depletion in the near future, which has prompted the usage of waste materials for the conservation of resource and as a solution for waste management. Two wastes that are widely produced but often inefficiently disposed are eggshell and waste tire. Hence, this paper aims to evaluate the rheological and mechanical properties of concrete incorporating eggshell and waste tire rubber using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Concrete with eggshell as cement replacement and waste tire rubber as sand replacement was prepared with an interval of 5% up to 15% replacement of both materials. Rheological properties of concrete were accessed using slump cone test while mechanical properties were studied through compressive strength and flexural strength test. Result showed that eggshell replacement has a minor effect on concrete slump while tire rubber reduces workability considerably. Result also showed that concrete mechanical strength was optimum at 5% and 10% eggshell replacement, while tire rubber reduced mechanical strength with percentage of replacement. Non-destructive tests indicated that concrete has excellent quality but excessive tire replacement beyond 10% compromised structural integrity of concrete. Overall, RSM models were able to model the properties of concrete with high accuracy and minimal deviation.
  • Publication
    Meta-analysis of studies on eggshell concrete using mixed regression and response surface methodology
    ( 2023)
    Beng Wei Chong
    ;
    Rokiah Othman
    ;
    Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
    ;
    Xiaofeng Li
    ;
    Mohd Rosli Mohd Hasan
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    Eggshell concrete is an innovative green material that helps to recycle eggshell waste while reducing the environmental harm caused by excessive cement production. However, recent studies on eggshell concrete are limited, and the outcomes may vary due to the variation of mix design. The design of the experiment is used to simplify and optimize the study of sustainable concrete, yet analysis involving eggshell concrete is still scarce. This paper aimed to develop mathematical models for the prediction of eggshell concrete compressive strength using mixed regression (MR) and response surface methodology (RSM). Overall, 43 datasets were collected from available studies in the literature on eggshell powder as partial cement replacement. The input variables used were the percentage of eggshell, percentage of Ground Granulated Blast-furnace Slag (GGBS), cement content, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, water, and Conplast SP-430 superplasticizer. The analysis of the contour plot concluded that eggshell powder increased the concrete compressive strength at an optimal replacement percentage between 5% and 10%. However, the partial cement replacement with eggshell powder is more optimal for mix design with higher water content. The statistical results of the model, such as R2, adjusted R2, and root-mean-square error (RMSE), indicated that both MR and RSM models are powerful tools to formulate and predict the eggshell concrete compressive strength. However, RSM models showed better accuracy and lower deviation.
  • Publication
    Nonisothermal kinetic degradation of Hybrid CNT/Alumina Epoxy Nanocomposites
    ( 2021)
    Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus
    ;
    Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Muhammad Bisyrul Hafi Othman
    ;
    Hazizan Md. Akil
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    ;
    Bartłomiej Jeż
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    Due to the synergistic effect that occurs between CNTs and alumina, CNT/alumina hybrid-filled epoxy nanocomposites show significant enhancements in tensile properties, flexural properties, and thermal conductivity. This study is an extension of previously reported investigations into CNT/alumina epoxy nanocomposites. A series of epoxy composites with different CNT/alumina loadings were investigated with regard to their thermal-degradation kinetics and lifetime prediction. The thermal-degradation parameters were acquired via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in a nitrogen atmosphere. The degradation activation energy was determined using the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa (F-W-O) method for the chosen apparent activation energy. The Ea showed significant differences at α > 0.6, which indicate the role played by the CNT/alumina hybrid filler loading in the degradation behavior. From the calculations, the lifetime prediction at 5% mass loss decreased with an increase in the temperature service of nitrogen. The increase in the CNT/alumina hybrid loading revealed its contribution towards thermal degradation and stability. On average, a higher Ea was attributed to greater loadings of the CNT/alumina hybrid in the composites.
  • Publication
    Performance of lightweight foamed concrete partially replacing cement with industrial and agricultural wastes: Microstructure characteristics, thermal conductivity, and hardened properties
    ( 2023)
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    Nadhim Hamah Sor
    ;
    Fadi Althoey
    ;
    Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Haytham F. Isleem
    ;
    Ahmed Farouk Deifalla
    ;
    Taher A. Tawfik
    The production of eco-friendly concrete has been made possible by reusing agricultural and industrial wastes. This paper presents an experimental investigation of the characteristics of lightweight foamed concrete (LWF) produced from a protein-based foaming agent and including granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), fly ash (FA), rice husk ash (RHA) and palm oil fuel ash (POFA) at various substitution levels (0, 10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %, 50 %, and 60 %) with cement. By executing a slump test, the fresh characteristics of mixes were assessed. In addition, a total of 25 different LWF mixtures were produced and tested for their porosity, bulk density, compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and thermal conductivity. To elucidate the causes for the experimental findings acquired, microstructural analysis was also performed. The findings indicate that the GGBS, FA, RHA, and POFA ratios of the LWFs increased due to a reduction in slump, porosity, water absorption, bulk density, and thermal conductivity up to 40 % GGBS, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA, and 30 % POFA. However, the compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, UPV were raised up to 40 % GGBS, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA and 30 % POFA as substitution for cement. LWF containing 40 % GBS as a cement substitution also demonstrate larger compressive strength, bending strength, splitting tensile strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity in comparison with the control, 30 % FA, 20 % RHA, and 30 % POFA LWF. The findings are promising and reveal a major opportunity for developing eco-friendly LWF by partially substituting cement with GGBS and FA industrial by-product material, RHA and POFA agricultural waste materials as well.
  • Publication
    Interaction of geopolymer filler and alkali molarity concentration towards the fire properties of glass-reinforced epoxy composites fabricated using filament winding technique
    ( 2022)
    Mohammad Firdaus Abu Hashim
    ;
    Meor Ahmad Faris bin Meor Ahmad Tajudin
    ;
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    ;
    Yusrina Mat Daud
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Farah Farhana Zainal
    ;
    Muhammad Faheem Saloma
    ;
    Heah Cheng Mohd Tahir
    ;
    Morteza Yong
    This paper aims to find out the effect of different weight percentages of geopolymer filler in glass-reinforced epoxy pipe, and which can achieve the best mechanical properties and adhesion between high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer matrices. Different weight percentages and molarities of epoxy hardener resin and high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer were injected into the glass fiber. By manually winding filaments, composite samples were produced, and they were then allowed to cure at room temperature. To determine how well the geopolymer matrices adhere to the fiber reinforcement, the microstructure of the composites’ surfaces and perpendicular sections were examined. Maximum values of compressive strength and compressive modulus were 94.64 MPa and 2373.58 MPa, respectively, for the sample with a weight percentage of filler loading of 30 wt% for an alkali concentration of 12 M. This is a relatively wide range of geopolymer weight percentage of filler loading from 10 wt% to 40 wt%, at which we can obtain high compressive properties. By referring to microstructural analysis, adhesion, and interaction of the geopolymer matrix to glass fiber, it shows that the filler is well-dispersed and embedded at the fiber glass, and it was difficult to determine the differences within the range of optimal geopolymer filler content. By determining the optimum weight percent of 30 wt% of geopolymer filler and microstructural analysis, the maximum parameter has been achieved via analysis of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler. Fire or elevated temperature represents one of the extreme ambient conditions that any structure may be exposed to during its service life. The heat resistance or thermal analysis between glass-reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe and glass-reinforced epoxy pipe filled with high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler was studied by investigating burning tests on the samples, which shows that the addition of high calcium pozzolanic-based geopolymer filler results in a significant reduction of the melted epoxy.
  • Publication
    Phase transformation of Kaolin-Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag from geopolymerization to sintering process
    ( 2021)
    Noorina Hidayu Jamil
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Faizul Che Pa
    ;
    Mohamad Hasmaliza
    ;
    Wan Mohd Arif W Ibrahim
    ;
    Ikmal Hakem A. Aziz
    ;
    Bartłomiej Jeż
    ;
    Marcin Nabiałek
    The main objective of this research was to investigate the influence of curing temperature on the phase transformation, mechanical properties, and microstructure of the as-cured and sintered kaolin-ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) geopolymer. The curing temperature was varied, giving four different conditions; namely: Room temperature, 40, 60, and 80 °C. The kaolin-GGBS geopolymer was prepared, with a mixture of NaOH (8 M) and sodium silicate. The samples were cured for 14 days and sintered afterwards using the same sintering profile for all of the samples. The sintered kaolin-GGBS geopolymer that underwent the curing process at the temperature of 60 °C featured the highest strength value: 8.90 MPa, and a densified microstructure, compared with the other samples. The contribution of the Na2O in the geopolymerization process was as a self-fluxing agent for the production of the geopolymer ceramic at low temperatures.
  • Publication
    Study on polypropylene twisted bundle fiber reinforced lightweight foamed concrete
    ( 2023)
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Rafiza Abd Razak
    ;
    Mohd Nasrun Mohd Nawi
    ;
    Puput Risdanareni
    ;
    Poppy Puspitasari
    ;
    Andrei Victor Sandu
    ;
    Madalina Simona Baltatu
    ;
    Petrica Vizureanu
    Recent industrial developments have focused more and more on the applications of lightweight foamed concrete (LFC) in the construction industry, having advantages over normal-strength concrete. LFC, however, has several drawbacks including brittleness, high porosity, excessive drying shrinkage, rapid cracking, and low deformation resistance. Practical engineering typically chooses steel fiber or polymer fiber to increase the tensile and fracture resistance of LFC. The polypropylene twisted bundle fiber (PTBF) was added to the LFC with varying weight fractions of 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0% and 2.5%. Three low densities of LFC were prepared, specifically 500 kg/m3, 700 kg/m3 and 900 kg/m3. The mechanical and durability properties of PTBF-reinforced LFC were determined through compression, flexural, splitting tensile, flow table, porosity, and water absorption tests. The results show that the addition of PTBF in LFC significantly improves the strength properties (compressive, flexural, and splitting tensile strengths) and reduces the water absorption capacity and porosity. The optimal weight fraction of PTBF was between 1.5 and 2.0% for mechanical properties enhancement. The inclusion of PTBF increased the ductility of LFC, and the specimens remain intact from loading to failure. The PTBF reduces the original cracks of the LFC and inhibits the development of further cracks in the LFC.
  • Publication
    Diverse material based geopolymer towards heavy metals removal : a review
    ( 2023)
    Pilomeena Arokiasamy
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Shayfull Zamree Abd. Rahim
    ;
    Monower Sadique
    ;
    Liew Yun Ming
    ;
    Mohd Arif Anuar Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Mohd Remy Rozainy Mohd Arif Zainol
    ;
    Che Mohd Ruzaidi Ghazali
    Metakaolin is a commonly used aluminosilicate material for the synthesis of geopolymer based adsorbent. However, it presents characteristics that restrict its uses such as weak rheological properties brought on by the plate-like structure, processing challenges, high water demand and quick hydration reaction. Industrial waste, on the other hand, contains a variety of components and is a potential source of aluminosilicate material. Geopolymer adsorbent synthesized by utilizing industrial waste contains a wide range of elements that offer better ion-exchangeability and increase active sites on the surface of geopolymer. However, limited studies focused on the synthesized of geopolymer based adsorbent by utilizing industrial waste for heavy metal adsorption in wastewater treatment. Therefore, this paper reviews on the raw materials used in the synthesis of geopolymer for wastewater treatment. This would help in the development of low cost geopolymer based adsorbent that has a great potential for heavy metal adsorption, which could deliver double benefit in both waste management and wastewater treatment.
  • Publication
    Use of calcium carbonate nanoparticles in production of nano-engineered foamed concrete
    ( 2023)
    Md Azree Othuman Mydin
    ;
    P. Jagadesh
    ;
    Alireza Bahrami
    ;
    Anmar Dulaimi
    ;
    Yasin Onuralp Özkılıç
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    ;
    Ramadhansyah Putra Jaya
  • Publication
    Enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber epoxy composite laminates reinforced with carbon nanotubes interlayer using electrospray deposition
    ( 2020)
    Muhammad Razlan Zakaria
    ;
    Hazizan Md Akil
    ;
    Mohd Firdaus Omar
    ;
    Muhammad Helmi Abdul Kudus
    ;
    Fatin Nur Amirah Mohd Sabri
    ;
    Mohd. Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah
    Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was successfully deposited onto the surface of woven carbon fiber (CF) using the electrospray deposition method to produce a woven hybrid CF-CNT. The effect of voltage and spray times on the morphology of the woven hybrid CF-CNT have been studied. The voltage and spray time is crucial towards achieving a homogeneous CNT coating on the woven CF surface. The epoxy composite laminated with optimized woven hybrid CF-CNT and woven CF without the deposited CNTs were then prepared, and its tensile and thermal properties subsequently determined. The results showed that the woven hybrid CF-CNT epoxy composite laminates tensile strength increased by ~21%, its tensile modulus increased by ~37%, its interlaminar shear strength increased by ~25%, and its thermal conductivity increased by ~35% relative to that of the woven CF epoxy composite laminates.