Now showing 1 - 10 of 30
  • Publication
    Effect of twist blade distributor on velocity distribution in a swirling fluidized bed
    ( 2020-12-18) ;
    Ishak M.I.
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    Rosli M.U.
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    Suhaida Rasman S.N.
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    ; ;
    Swirling Fluidized Bed (SFB) is one of the liquid-solid interaction in fluidization improved from conventional systems. This system is usually viewable in the power generation, chemical industry, material production and drying processes. Inside the SFB, there is annular blade distributor which will cause the air to pass through and create a swirl motion on the bed. The energy consumption of a fluidized bed system depends on the distributor's design. The current study has purpose a new design that applies to existing designs of blade inclination angle. The simulation study was conducted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to obtain the result of velocity distribution and pressure drops on various blade distributor designs. This study uses two (2) twist angle (80 and 100 ) via number of blade distributor (40, 50 and 60). In this study, tangential velocity is the main velocity component by reason of the velocity represents the rotating air velocity in fluidization system. Overall, the design of the 100 twist angle and 40 blades distributor are the best distributors of blades compared to others.
  • Publication
    Application of natural zeolite clinoptilolite for the removal of ammonia in wastewater
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    ;
    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Abd Aziz M.H.
    ;
    This work intends the characterization of the natural zeolite clinoptilolite and its capability in removing the ammonia in wastewater. The natural zeolite clinoptilolite was characterized using transmittance electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and zeta potential prior to the adsorption process. The results showed that the natural zeolite clinoptilolite possessed the lamellar and needle-like structure thus giving the highest surface area for effective adsorption. The main constituent of the element consisted of natural zeolite clinoptilolite is known to have a high affinity towards ammonia. Additionally, the zeta potential analysis has shown that natural zeolite clinoptilolite is negatively charged in all media pH with the highest negative potential of −30 mV recorded at pH 7 thus, contributing to the highly effective electrostatic interaction with the contaminants’ cations. Consequently, the excellent performance in removing ammonia of up to 82.97 % has revealed that the natural zeolite clinoptilolite has a great potential to be developed as a synergized adsorptive ceramic membrane that is combining the adsorption and the filtration of water simultaneously.
  • Publication
    The effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pellet durability and calorific value
    Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) are not being fully utilized for energy production due to its high moisture content, low density, having bulky characteristics and low calorific value. In order to improve characteristic of Elaeis Guineensis empty fruit bunch as fuel, pre-treatment process is necessary to overcome these shortcomings. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis pellet energy characteristics. The observed pellet qualities include the pellet durability and calorific value of the pellet. The torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 200 C, 220 C, 240 C and 260 C. The torrefied sample was pelletized, analysed and tested to examine the characteristics of empty fruit bunch biomass as fuel. The pelletization process was carried out by using the cold single press pelletizer and using cassava starch as binder. At higher torrefaction temperature, the decomposition of cellulose and lignin become more prominent. At the torrefaction temperature 260 C, the gross calorific value is the highest due to the removal of moisture, release of volatile matter and the decomposition of biomass components such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin which resulted in energy densification. By comparing the torrefied empty fruit bunch at 260 C with the untorrefied empty fruit bunch, it was found that the torrefaction increased the energy densification and pellet qualities of empty fruit bunch that can be utilized as biomass energy sources in renewable energy.
  • Publication
    Fabrication, performance evaluation, and optimisation of adsorptive ammonia removal using hollow fibre ceramic membrane: Response surface methodology approach
    ( 2021-03-01)
    Mohd Ridhwan Adam
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
    ;
    Siti Hamimah Sheikh Abdul Kadir
    ;
    Mohd Hafiz Puteh
    ;
    ;
    Nik Abdul Hadi Md Nordin
    ;
    Mohd Azri Ab Rani
    ;
    Azeman Mustafa
    ;
    Mukhlis A. Rahman
    ;
    Juhana Jaafar
    This work aims to optimise the factors that affect the adsorptive removal of ammonia by natural zeolite hollow fibre ceramic membrane (HFCM) in a continuous crossflow system using surface response methodology (RSM). The adsorptive HFCM was first characterised using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy prior to the adsorption process. A face-centred central composite design (CCD) was used to statistically visualise the interaction of the factors, namely feed pH, feed concentration, and HFCM dosage, with the response of water permeability and ammonia removal of the HFCM. The optimum conditions for the HFCM performance were feed pH of 7.04, feed concentration of 75.00 mg/L, and HFCM dosage of 0.35 g, with a desirability value of 0.953. The excellent ammonia removal performance (96.5%) reveals that the HFCM possesses great potential to be developed as a synergised system that combines the adsorption and filtration of water.
  • Publication
    Influence of material properties on the fluid-structure interaction aspects during molded underfill process
    ( 2017)
    C.Y. Khor
    ;
    ;
    M.U. Rosli
    ;
    ;
    M.S Zakaria
    ;
    A.F.M. Yamin
    ;
    M.S. Abdul Aziz
    ;
    M.Z. Abdullah
    This paper presents the investigation of the effects of epoxy moulding compound’ (EMC) viscosity on the FSI aspects during moulded underfill process (MUF). Finite volume (FV) code and finite element (FE) code were connected online through the Mesh-based Parallel Code Coupling Interface (MpCCI) method for fluid and structural analysis. The EMC flow behaviour was modelled by Castro-Macosko model, which was written in C language and incorporated into the FV analysis. Real-time predictions on the flow front, chip deformation and stress concentration were solved by FV- and FE-solver. Increase in EMC viscosity raises the deformation and stress imposed on IC and solder bump, which may induce unintended features on the IC structure. The current simulation is expected to provide the better understandings and clear visualization of FSI in the moulded underfill process.
  • Publication
    The Characterization Techniques of Nanomaterials
    ( 2023-01-01)
    Adam M.R.
    ;
    Shafie M.H.
    ;
    Shamsudin M.S.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
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    ;
    Abd Aziz M.H.
    ;
    Nasir A.M.
    In industries, including water treatment, catalysis, oil refining, sensors, food, energy storage, construction materials, and many others, a great deal of investigation has been undertaken on the application of nanomaterials. Nanoparticles are ultra-small particles with remarkable capabilities; however, when released into the environment, certain nanoparticles and nanomaterials may display detrimental features. Identification and characterization of nanoparticles need additional insight into physicochemical attributes and testing procedures compared to conventional compounds. In addition, regulating considerations for chemicals are generally based on particular toxicological characteristics that might not be exactly equivalent to those of nanomaterials. Nevertheless, regulatory authorities lack an authorized decision framework for nanomaterials that relates the significance of particular physicochemical indicators to toxicological consequences. This chapter addresses several physicochemical parameters and accessible testing techniques for nanomaterials. It provides a summary of the statutory implications and procedures used for evaluating nanomaterials, as well as approaches from the previous research, and evaluates the appropriateness and applicability restrictions of the techniques.
  • Publication
    Effect of zinc addition on the performance of aluminium alloy sacrificial anode for marine application
    In this work, the effect of zinc addition on the performance of aluminum-based sacrificial anode in seawater was investigated. The parameters used in assessing the performance of the cast anodes are anodic efficiency, protection efficiency and polarized potential. The content of zinc in the anodes was varied after die casting. The alloys produced were tested as sacrificial anode for the protection of mild steel for marine application at room temperature. Factors such as reactivity of zinc particles in the seawater, corrosion activity during the period of experiment, pH of seawater and the electronegativity potential of zinc were collected for analysis. Overall findings shows addition of zinc increases rate of corrosion to the sacrificial anode and the protection offered by the sacrificial anodes measured and collected in PIT shows the seawater react to sacrificial anode and no porosity reaction between the anodes. The microstructure showed the intermetallic structures of β-phase which breakdown the alumina passive film, thus enhancing the anode efficiency.
  • Publication
    Effects of temperature on rice husk silica ash additive for fouling mitigation by polysulfone–RHS ash mixed-matrix composite membranes
    ( 2020-08-01)
    Alias S.S.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    ;
    Manoh N.
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    Abstract: It has been found that the preparation of green silica based on agricultural crops preserves environmental sustainability. In this study, rice husk silica (RHS) ash was prepared by burning rice husk (RH) at different temperatures (400 and 1200 Â°C). Both types of green RHS ash additives were blended with polysulfone dope, after which membranes were fabricated via phase inversion. The RHS ash that was synthesised at 400 Â°C (RHS400) had an amorphous structure with strong hydrophilic properties, while the composite membrane containing 3 wt% of RHS400 (A3 membrane) achieved the optimum properties of a dense top, an extended sub-layer of continuous smaller finger-like pores and a bottom layer of macrovoids. A satisfactory mean surface roughness, average pore size (1.90 ± 9.50 × 10−2 µm), porosity (40.66 ± 2.03%) and tensile strength (3.27 ± 0.16 MPa) were also obtained. The contact angle (52.5° ± 3.6°) further proved that this membrane was hydrophilic. The elemental and thermal analyses confirmed the presence of Si and O, which correlated with the 12% residual that was contributed by the silica inside the membrane. The optimum properties of the A3 membrane were an increased PWF (154.04 ± 7.70 L m−2 h−1) with the highest rejection of HA (96.00 ± 4.80%) and a fouling mitigation with the lowest internal resistance (6.79 ± 0.34 × 1012 m−1). Graphic abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
  • Publication
    Novel hydroxyapatite-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membrane derived from waste cow bone for textile wastewater treatment
    ( 2020-01-01)
    Hubadillah S.K.
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    Othman M.H.D.
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    Tai Z.S.
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    Yusuf N.K.
    ;
    Ahmad AA.
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    Rahman M.A.
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    Jaafar J.
    ;
    Kadir S.H.S.A.
    ;
    Harun Z.
    Industrial textile wastewater is toxic due to the presence of recalcitrant color pigments and poisonous heavy metals. In this study, the hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based bio-ceramic hollow fiber membranes (h-bio-CHFM) were developed via the combined phase inversion and sintering technique. It was found that the properties of the developed h-bio-CHFMs were greatly affected by the HAp content of the ceramic suspension, and sintering temperature. The h-bio-CHFM with the sintering temperature of 1200 °C exhibited the long rod-shaped HAp particles and the smallest pore size (0.013 μm). High removals of color (99.9%), COD (80.1%), turbidity (99.4%) and conductivity (30.1%) were achieved using the h-bio-CHFM sintered at 1200 °C with stable high flux of 88.3 L/m2h. Remarkably, the h-bio-CHFM sintered in the temperature range of 1000–1200 °C also demonstrated excellent adsorption ability towards heavy metals with 100% removals. The results of this study show the potential of the h-bio-CHFM for the efficient industrial textile wastewater treatment applications.
  • Publication
    Effect of sintering temperature on composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Kamarudin S.N.
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    Rasman S.N.S.
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    Hubadillah S.K.
    ;
    Pauzan M.A.B.
    ;
    Othman M.H.D.
    A modern application of composite hollow fibre membrane derived from hydroxyapatite cow bone and kaolin has been developed in wastewater treatment. The common fabrication method, a process that combined both phase inversion and sintering technique was used to fabricate the membranes. The hollow fibers membrane were developed using the spinning process by using a dope that have ratio of 20:20 (kaolin:cow bone hydroxyapatite). The sintering temperature that used in this study are 1000 ℃, 1100 ℃, 1200 ℃ and 1300 ℃. The effect of sintering temperature on hollow fiber membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), 3-point bending and pure water flux. The results showed that the hollow fibre membrane sintered at 1200 ℃ showed a unique membrane’s morphology, the highest mechanical strength (13.33 Mpa) and a stable pure water flux (140.6 L/m2h).