Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Publication
    Minimum Power Allocation Cooperative Communication based on Health-Care WBAN
    ( 2020-03-20)
    Hammood D.A.
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    Alkhayyat A.
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    ;
    Energy is limited resource in the Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN). Finding optimal and minimum required transmission power that can achieve a certain level of utility while utilizing as little power for transmission as possible plays an important role in reducing energy consumption. In this paper, we found the required transmission power of four transmission modes: the direct transmission mode, the dual-hop transmission mode, and two incremental cooperative transmission modes with Rayleigh channel fading.
  • Publication
    Effect of direct statistical contrast enhancement technique on document image binarization
    Background: Contrast enhancement plays an important role in the image processing field. Contrast correction has performed an adjustment on the darkness or brightness of the input image and increases the quality of the image. Objective: This paper proposed a novel method based on statistical data from the local mean and local standard deviation. Method: The proposed method modifies the mean and standard deviation of a neighbourhood at each pixel and divides it into three categories: background, foreground, and problematic (contrast & luminosity) region. Experimental results from both visual and objective aspects show that the proposed method can normalize the contrast variation problem effectively compared to Histogram Equalization (HE), Difference of Gaussian (DoG), and Butterworth Homomorphic Filtering (BHF). Seven (7) types of binarization methods were tested on the corrected image and produced a positive and impressive result. Result: Finally, a comparison in terms of Signal Noise Ratio (SNR), Misclassification Error (ME), F-measure, Peak Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Misclassification Penalty Metric (MPM), and Accuracy was calculated. Each binarization method shows an incremented result after applying it onto the corrected image compared to the original image. The SNR result of our proposed image is 9.350 higher than the three (3) other methods. The average increment after five (5) types of evaluation are: (Otsu = 41.64%, Local Adaptive = 7.05%, Niblack = 30.28%, Bernsen = 25%, Bradley = 3.54%, Nick = 1.59%, Gradient-Based = 14.6%). Conclusion: The results presented in this paper effectively solve the contrast problem and finally produce better quality images.
      1  21
  • Publication
    Contrast Correction Using Hybrid Statistical Enhancement on Weld Defect Images
    Luminosity and contrast variation problems are among the most challenging tasks in the image processing field, significantly improving image quality. Enhancement is implemented by adjusting the dark or bright intensity to improve the quality of the images and increase the segmentation performance. Recently, numerous methods had been proposed to normalise the luminosity and contrast variation. A new approach based on a direct technique using statistical data known as Hybrid Statistical Enhancement (HSE) is presented in this study. The HSE method uses the mean and standard deviation of a local and global neighbourhood and classified the pixel into three groups; the foreground, border, and problematic region (contrast & luminosity). The datasets, namely weld defect images, were utilised to demonstrate the effectiveness of the HSE method. The results from the visual and objective aspects showed that the HSE method could normalise the luminosity and enhance the contrast variation problem effectively. The proposed method was compared to the two (2) populor enhancement methods which is Homomorphic Filter (HF) and Difference of Gaussian (DoG). To prove the HSE effectiveness, a few image quality assessments were presented, and the results were discussed. The HSE method achieved a better result compared to the other methods, which are Signal Noise Ratio (8.920), Standard Deviation (18.588) and Absolute Mean Brightness Error (9.356). In conclusion, implementing the HSE method has produced an effective and efficient result for background correction and quality images improvement.
      2  28
  • Publication
    Design and Simulation of 2×1 and 2×2 Array Antenna at 5.8 GHz for Gain and Axial Ratio Enhancement
    A low gain and narrow bandwidth of single microstrip antenna element will not accomplish a good performance in wide applications. In this paper, the design and simulation of microstrip antenna with an arrays for gain enhancement were made. The suggested design is made up of four elements of microstrip antenna in rectangle shape which associated with an array pattern. The antenna is operating at 5.8 GHz. Each element is created with truncated-edge of rectangular shape which had an inclined slot on each patch which realize circular polarized capability. The design of the 2×1 and 2×2 of rectangular microstrip array antenna was implemented from the designed of single rectangular element of patch antenna as the basic building element. The designed 2×1 and 2×2 array were fed by microstrip transimmision line which applied a technique of quater wave impedance matching. The antenna design was etched on Rogers RT 5880 substrate which have dielectric constant of 2.2 and have a thickness of 1.53. All the designed structure were simulated in CST software. The proposed antenna finally will compared between both 2×1 and 2×2 design in terms of gain, axial ratio and reflection coefficient. The simulated antennas resonated exactly at the desired frequency of 5.8 GHz with reflection coefficient below than -10 dB which indicates good antenna designs. The 2×1 and 2×2 arrays obtained gain of 10.8 dB to 13.3 dB respectively. The results show that the proposed designed have an improved gain performance over the single patch antenna.
      1
  • Publication
    Reliable data transmission: An IoT health-based paradiam
    ( 2020-11-01)
    Hammood D.A.
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    Mahmoud M.S.
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    Alkhayyat A.
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    ;
    A WBAN can be spread over a person's body, so; posing, dressing, moving of muscles, degree of heat of bodies as well as weather changes in general affect connections among sensors as well as desired point. Secondly, information collected via every sensor can be connected to a person's course of life; so, it can be considered as significant to guarantee that the collected information ought to be given to desired point competently. In this work, a critical cooperating communicating protocol to WBAN established on information has been suggested, called critical Data Transmission using Transmission Mode Selection (CD-TMS) method established for the architecture of star topology. In the beginning, we performed a studying, also we established a system model can be looked at according to channel los of path, effective transmitting possibility, as well as the out of work time possibility. Thirdly, relaying selecting can be used accompanied by CD-TMS, that lets just the most successful relaying take part in cooperating in a spread manner. Simulating as well as numeral outcomes illustrate that CD-TMS has the ability to develop the performing of a network under common terms comparing with direct transmission mode (DTM) IEEE 802.15.6 CSMA as well as benchmark.
      6  30
  • Publication
    Review: Optimization algorithms in Wireless Body Area Networks
    ( 2020-03-20)
    Hammood D.A.
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    ;
    Alkhayyat A.
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    Wireless body area network is abbreviated as WBAN. This kind has been originated after the getting of wireless sensor network developing to a certain kind of being matured. That has been likely owing to the huge advance directing to usable wireless comfortable scientific knowledge as well as electronic componential parts that can be tiny. definitely, such research has obtained important attention nowadays owing to its practical uses which mainly can be in the direction of the sector of health care. Nowadays, a small sensor can be put on the body of humans for recording different mental parameters and this sensor is able to send collected information towards another device in order to get more important behaviours taken. Thus, that is utilized to diagnose illnesses as well as improving dangerous problems alert systems in health field. In this paper, various wireless body area network protocols and algorithms are viewed to optimize QoS in WBAN to improve network lifetime. Such as energy-efficient, duty cycle, power consumption, end to end delay using optimization algorithms.
      19  1
  • Publication
    Watermarking Scheme for using YCbCr Based on 2-Level DWT
    ( 2021-07-26)
    Adnan M.M.
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    Mashagba H.A.
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    Alfilh R.
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    Aljawaheri K.
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    Jaafarz A.
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    Hammood D.A.
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    Alkhayyat A.
    ;
    Multimedia data for both personal and commercial purposes is now accessible to everyone due to the rapid development of the Internet. Consequently, the issue of copyright protection has surfaced and has triggered the development of several techniques for multimedia copyright protection. Such techniques include digital watermarking in which the important information contained in the host media is concealed by embedment in carriers such as images, videos, or audios. In this paper, the adaptive color image watermarking technique is proposed for the satisfaction of both imperceptibility and robustness demands. There are two main stages involved in this technique - coding/embedding and decoding/extraction. Prior to the coding stage, imperceptibility and robustness are preserved by first converting the host image from RGB to YCbCr color space before selecting the Cb component to apply the DWT embedding technique. Once more, the selected quadrant of the hosted image is decomposed using DWT before extracting the watermarked image. The robustness and efficiency of this technique were proved by exposing the watermarked image to six types of attacks, namely Median filter, Gaussian noise, Sharpening filter, Salt & Pepper Noise, JPEG Compression, and Rotation. The results of the study were benchmarked against other methods that deploy DST on the same images. From the benchmarking process, the proposed algorithm was found to withstand the six types of attacks earlier mentioned and achieved a better performance compared to the DST approach. The quality of the watermarked image was also preserved in the proposed method.
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  • Publication
    Modified Sinusoidal PWM Technique for Low Loss Inverter Application
    The efficiency of the main system is the most important concern for all power electronic engineers when designing power electronic converters. Normally there is a high switching state in conventional full-bridge inverter with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), resulting in greater switching loss. This problem usually causes the efficiency of the inverter to fall to a certain level, resulting in poor inverter performance. In this study, the switching strategy can be changed to reduce the switching status while maintaining the original inverter frequency. The main goal of this research to reduce the switching loss of the inverter by modified the conventional SPWM to become a lesser switching state without losing the nature characteristic of the SPWM switching technique. The modified SPWM will be compared to the conventional SPWM in terms of switching loss and total harmonic distortion performance.
      2  28
  • Publication
    A hybrid modified sine cosine algorithm using inverse filtering and clipping methods for low autocorrelation binary sequences
    The essential purpose of radar is to detect a target of interest and provide information concerning the target's location, motion, size, and other parameters. The knowledge about the pulse trains' properties shows that a class of signals is mainlywell suited to digital processing of increasing practical importance. A low autocorrelation binary sequence (LABS) is a complex combinatorial problem. The main problems of LABS are low Merit Factor (MF) and shorter length sequences. Besides, the maximumpossibleMF equals 12.3248 as infinity length is unable to be achieved. Therefore, this study implemented two techniques to propose a new metaheuristic algorithm based on Hybrid Modified Sine Cosine Algorithm with Cuckoo Search Algorithm (HMSCACSA) using Inverse Filtering (IF) and clipping method to achieve better results. The proposed algorithms, LABS-IF and HMSCACSA-IF, achieved better results with two large MFs equal to 12.12 and 12.6678 for lengths 231 and 237, respectively, where the optimal solutions belong to the skew-symmetric sequences. TheMFoutperformed up to 24.335% and 2.708% against the state-of-the-art LABS heuristic algorithm, xLastovka, and Golay, respectively. These results indicated that the proposed algorithm's simulation had quality solutions in terms of fast convergence curve with better optimal means, and standard deviation.
      3  39
  • Publication
    Inductance and Conductance Characteristic Effect Towards H-Shape Metamaterial Design Performances for Light/THz Application
    ( 2022-01-01) ;
    Marzuki M.K.
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    ; ;
    Alkhayyat A.
    ;
    Rosmi A.S.
    Unit cell is a meta-atom structured to form a metamaterial. The size of the unit cell is related to the frequency of waves. The structure size is smaller than the wavelength of the incident waves. Since light frequency used is Terahertz, the size of unit cell is in nanometer. Unit cell geometrical shape is design using copper and it placed on the Rogers substrate. It designed based on the desired of the researcher. There is no specific design assigned to specific application. The objective in this paper is to exhibit the negative refractive index or negative index material that is capable to bend the light wave. H Shape design has been used widely as a design to manipulate the electromagnetic waves but none of them used for higher frequency such as light frequency. The negative value of material properties obtained from the simulation of the metamaterial at three different part which are at phase=0, real value and imaginary value. CST Microwave Studio used as a simulation software. The results show all the negative value of material properties obtained at different frequency range. However, the negative value of material properties at phase=0 and imaginary part is obtained at same frequency range. While for real part, the negative value for all material properties occurred at different frequency range. This H-Shape design is suitable to manipulate the lights radiation waves.
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