Alina Rahayu Mohamed
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Alina Rahayu Mohamed
Official Name
Alina Rahayu, Mohamed
Alternative Name
Rahayu, M. Alina
Mohamed, Alina Rahayu
Rahayu Mohamed, Alina
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Scopus Author ID
55349453800
Researcher ID
DHI-6721-2022

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  • Publication
    The effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) pellet durability and calorific value
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Leng L.Y.
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    ;
    Rahman A.A.A.
    ;
    Dali J.A.A.
    ;
    Abd Razak Shaari
    ;
    Yee K.C.
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    ;
    Wan Nur A'tiqah Wan Draman
    Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) are not being fully utilized for energy production due to its high moisture content, low density, having bulky characteristics and low calorific value. In order to improve characteristic of Elaeis Guineensis empty fruit bunch as fuel, pre-treatment process is necessary to overcome these shortcomings. Therefore, the aim of this research is to examine the effect of torrefaction reaction temperature on the Elaeis Guineensis pellet energy characteristics. The observed pellet qualities include the pellet durability and calorific value of the pellet. The torrefaction of empty fruit bunch was conducted in a fixed-bed reactor at 200 C, 220 C, 240 C and 260 C. The torrefied sample was pelletized, analysed and tested to examine the characteristics of empty fruit bunch biomass as fuel. The pelletization process was carried out by using the cold single press pelletizer and using cassava starch as binder. At higher torrefaction temperature, the decomposition of cellulose and lignin become more prominent. At the torrefaction temperature 260 C, the gross calorific value is the highest due to the removal of moisture, release of volatile matter and the decomposition of biomass components such as hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin which resulted in energy densification. By comparing the torrefied empty fruit bunch at 260 C with the untorrefied empty fruit bunch, it was found that the torrefaction increased the energy densification and pellet qualities of empty fruit bunch that can be utilized as biomass energy sources in renewable energy.
  • Publication
    Kinetics Analysis on Catalytic Pyrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) with Copper Oxide Doped Aluminium Oxide (CuO/Al2O3) Catalyst
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Zin A.M.
    ;
    Siti Nor Azreen Ahmad Termizi
    ;
    Khairunissa Syairah Ahmad Sohaimi
    ;
    Izhar N.I.I.N.
    This study focuses on dynamic non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis of empty fruit bunch (EFB) with copper oxide doped aluminium oxide (CuO/Al2O3) at linear ramp rates of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 40 Cmin-1 at pyrolysis temperature of 28-1000 C in a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The thermogravimetric profiles for the thermochemical breakdown of EFB under non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis with CuO/Al2O3 comprise of three different levels. The kinetics analysis for the reactions were evaluated using the Kissinger and Ozawa methods. The values of activation energy (Ea) for non-catalytic EFB pyrolysis were 167.95 and 177.68 kJmol-1 based on Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. For catalytic pyrolysis with approximately 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst, the values of Ea reduced to 127.72 and 137.42 kJmol-1 by Kissinger and Ozawa methods respectively. These values indicate that the presence of 9.09 wt% CuO/Al2O3 catalyst has successfully reduced Ea value for the EFB pyrolysis reaction.
  • Publication
    Synthesis of ultrasonicated amine-functionalized MgO-deposited empty fruit bunch (EFB)-derived biochar for CO2 adsorption
    ( 2024-01-01)
    Shafawi A.N.
    ;
    Mohd Amer N.
    ;
    Aghamiri A.R.
    ;
    Lahijani P.
    ;
    Mohammadi M.
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    In this study, biochar derived from empty fruit bunch (EFB) was modified by sonication, amine functionalization, and MgO deposition to increase CO2 uptake capacity towards addressing the global warming problem. The optimal conditions for amine functionalization were a biochar to melamine mass ratio of 5:2, an activation temperature of 700 °C, and a heating rate of 15 °C/min. The sequential sonication, amine functionalization, and MgO deposition resulted in the ultrasonicated amine-functionalized MgO-deposited biochar (UAMB) with the highest CO2 uptake capacity of 84.95 mg/g, which is a 142% increase compared to the pristine biochar (35.10 mg/g). The results of XRD, SEM–EDX, FTIR, Raman, BET, Boehm titration, and XPS analysis showed that the sequential treatments improved the porosity, surface area, and surface chemistry of the modified biochar due to the presence of MgO, pyridine, pyrrole, and nitrile, resulting in a superior increase in CO2 uptake capacity. Advantageously, this modified biochar exhibited the highest affinity for CO2 compared to air, methane, and nitrogen and was stable up to 12 cycles of CO2 adsorption–desorption. Kinetic studies showed that the Avrami kinetic model best described CO2 adsorption on the biochar, with physisorption being the main adsorption mechanism and chemisorption making only a minor contribution to CO2 adsorption. CO2 capture tests in a fixed-bed adsorption system showed that the best adsorption conditions were at a gas flow rate of 30 mL/min, an initial CO2 concentration of 15%, and an adsorption temperature of 30 °C. The excellent performance of this modified biochar is promising for efficient CO2 capture to reduce CO2 emissions.
  • Publication
    Production of Solid Biofuels From Renewable Resources: A Review
    ( 2023-06-09)
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Shaari A.R.
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Abdul Halim M.H.B.
    ;
    Rahman A.A.A.
    ;
    Lee Yit Leng
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    Increasing concerns over greenhouse gas emissions, volatile fossil fuel prices, and political instability have led to biomass as a renewable energy source. Close cooperation from the government supported by independent bodies also helps produce this effective and sustainable energy source. As a result, the current growth of solid biofuels has increased tremendously. Agricultural, municipal, forest, commercial waste and dedicated energy crops are the main sources of biomass. Due to this biomass's nature, the methods to produce them into solid biofuels are also different. The energy potential of these biomass sources is quite dependent on the use of technology and public awareness. Therefore, this paper review feedstock biomass, processing processes, product types and properties of solid biofuels in terms of mechanical and combustion. The paper also reviews the solid biofuel production situation in Malaysia.
  • Publication
    Effect of surface roughness of pure aluminium A1100 on the cold work extrusion by using different angles of taper die
    ( 2014)
    Mohd Ridzuan Mohd Jamir
    ;
    Mohd Hafis Sulaiman
    ;
    Azduwin Khasri
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    N. Fitriah Suhaimi
    ;
    Mohd Shahril Shariff
    The study presented in this paper is focused on the effect of surfaces roughness of pure aluminium A1100 on the cold work extrusion process by three different angles of taper die. Different angles of taper die will affect the surface roughness of the workpiece. To protect the surface and to reduce friction, lubricants are often used in extrusion process [1]. Different lubricants may have different optimum taper die angle that are suitable to be applied. Two types of materials used in this experiment are steel SKD 11 for taper die and aluminium A1100 for workpiece and different angles applied are 30°, 45°, and 60°. Moreover, with respect to each angle, three different types of lubricants were used which are Daphne Draw S Series, Palm Olein, and EFB bio oil. The Universal Testing Machine and Surface Roughness Tester were used in this experiment. The result obtained from the experiment shows that at 30° of taper die angle were producing the smooth product surfaces for each lubricant and Daphne Draw S Series could reduce the surface roughness compared to other lubricant test.
  • Publication
    Durability Studies of Solid Pellets from Torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala
    ( 2020-12-18)
    Kee Wei Chin
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Zin A.M.
    ;
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Aziz A.H.A.
    ;
    Mohd Qalani Che Kasim
    Torrefaction of Leucaena Leucocephala was performed in a fixed bed reactor at temperature of 300 C and 20 minutes holding time under inert environment. The torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala was pelletized with starch as the binder. Two parameters were investigated such as different ratio of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets and the thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets towards its durability. The ratios of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets studied were 0, 5,10,15,20 and 25 wt%. Meanwhile, the studied thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets were 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6 and 0.7 cm. It was observed that when the ratio of starch addition to torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets was varied from 0-25 wt%, the durability increased steadily and the highest durability of 56.06% was achieved at 20 wt%. When the thickness of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets was increased from 0.3-0.7 cm, the highest durability of 93.18 % was achieved at 0.5 cm thickness. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis was performed on the torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellets of 0 and 20 wt% ratio of starch addition. SEM images show the existence of some minor pores on the surface of torrefied Leucaena Leucocephala pellet at 250X and 1000X magnifications.
  • Publication
    Inhibition of Aspergillus flavus by Momordica charantia Ethanolic Leaves Extract for Mushroom Protection
    ( 2023-06-09)
    Noor Hasyierah Mohd Salleh
    ;
    Zulkarnay Zakaria
    ;
    Aziz N.H.
    ;
    Ahmad Anas Nagoor Gunny
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Munusamy T.
    Pleurotus ostreatus, better known as oyster mushroom is one of the world’s widely cultivated mushroom. Infection from pathogenic fungi is one of the major reasons causing losses of mushroom during cultivation. The objective of this study is to investigate the antifungal property of Momordica charantia leaves extract against Aspergillus flavus for mushroom protection. The inhibitory effect of M. charantia leaves extract against A. flavus isolated from infected P. ostreatus mushroom bag was investigated using pour plate technique. Inhibition of A. flavus mycelial growth was the highest at extract concentration of 9.64 v/v %, temperature 26℃ and incubation time of 96 hours with inhibitory value of 70.58 ± 0.00 %, 78.4 ± 0.00 % and 63.33 ± 2.89 % respectively. Structural morphology of the mycelia grown on the treated plate also showed morphological alteration compared to the control plate. Hence, Momordica charantia leaves extract may serves as a promising fungicides alternative to chemical use for controlling invasion of A. flavus on oyster mushroom.
  • Publication
    The Effect of Different Waste Material Binders in Relation to Khaya Senegalensis Solid Fuel Pellet Quality
    ( 2023-11-01)
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Mustafa N.M.K.N.
    ;
    Lee Yit Leng
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    Fuel pellets are an attractive renewable energy source derived from biomass sources thanks to their uniformity and ease of handling. However, raw biomass and waste material binders have several drawbacks, which include poor physical properties, particularly low density and compositional heterogeneity, which restrict their wider use as a general source of energy. Besides, due to the low energy density, low bulk density, and uneven shape and size of raw biomass, it is very difficult to store and transport biomass in its original form, which decreases transport efficiency. This study investigated the effect of waste material binders (rice husk, corn cob, and sugarcane bagasse) on the mechanical and thermal properties of Khaya Senagalensis pellets. The mechanical and thermal properties were determined according to ASTM standards. Waste material binders have affected pellet quality such as density, bulk density, moisture content, durability, compressive strength, shatter index, water resistance, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and calorific value. From the analysis, sugarcane bagasse as a binder shows the highest quality pellet in terms of mechanical properties. Sugarcane bagasse produces the highest density (0.967g/cm3), bulk density (0.4094), durability (99.71%), shatter index (98.85%), water resistance (98.35%), and thermal properties, which are the highest volatile matter (94.71%) and the lowest ash content (1.71%). In a nutshell, sugarcane bagasse is a good binder that gives a positive impact to the K.senegalensis pellets in terms of storage and transportation compared to corn cob and rice husk binder.
  • Publication
    Mechanical and physical properties of khaya senegalensis solid fuel pellet with different binder percentages
    ( 2021-10-25)
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Shaari A.R.
    ;
    Khor Chu Yee
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Rahim M.S.b.A.
    ;
    Lee Yit Leng
    ;
    Wan Nur A'tiqah Wan Draman
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    The characteristics of the solid fuel pellets, such as its strength, durability and density can be used to assess its quality. During the transport and storage, pellets with low strength and durability produces dusts and ultimately resulting in equipment blockage, high pollution emissions, and an increased risk of fire and explosion. Therefore, pellet manufacturing process should be given priority to improve pellet quality. The use of binder in the production of pellets will aid in improving pellet quality. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of different binder percentages on the mechanical properties of K. senegelensis fuel pellets. Durability, unit density, bulk density and diametral compressive strength testing were carried out in compliance with international standards. It was discovered that pellets containing 4% cassava starch binder produces better results, particularly in terms of durability and compressive ldiametral strength.
  • Publication
    The effect of different khaya senegalensis raw feedstock particle sizes on solid fuel pellet quality
    ( 2020-07-09)
    Ras Izzati Ismail
    ;
    Usamah M.I.
    ;
    Abd Razak Shaari
    ;
    Yee K.C.
    ;
    Alina Rahayu Mohamed
    ;
    Mohd Riduan Jamalludin
    ;
    Norawanis Abdul Razak
    ;
    Leng L.Y.
    ;
    Nur Lailina Makhtar
    ;
    Rosli M.U.M.
    In recent years, the usage and demand for biomass pellet has been increasing due to the need of substitution for non-renewable energy source. Therefore, high quality solid fuel is in need to cater this demand. Pellet qualities such as durability, calorific value and density are different depending on the type of material, size of particle and the density of the feedstock. In this study, the durability, calorific value and unit density of Khaya Senegalensis pellet was investigated. This was done to identify the optimum particle size to obtain the best qualities of pellet possible. The ground biomass material was separated into 0.15 mm, 0.50 mm and 1.00 mm particle sizes, pelletized and ultimately the pellet durability, calorific value and unit density were tested in this study. It was found that 0.15 mm particle size resulted in the highest pellet durability, and density value. 1.00 mm particle size pellet has the highest calorific value. As a conclusion, different raw biomass feedstock particle size will affect the durability, density and calorific value of pellet.